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Biomedical subjects

C L Kao

Publications and source records attributed to C L Kao.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effect of monovalent measles and trivalent measles-mumps-rubella vaccines at various ages and concurrent administration with hepatitis B vaccine.

To determine the most suitable vaccination schedule in developing countries, a study was conducted to reevaluate the immunogenicity of monovalent measles vaccine and trivalent measles-mumps-rubella vaccine at different ages. The success rate of measles vaccination was 84% at 9 months, 88% at 12 months and 100% at 15 months of age. Vaccination with measles vaccines at 9 and 15 months of age was also 96% immunogenic. Most vaccinees (16 of 17) not responding to the first measles vaccine before 1 year of age developed measles antibody with another shot of vaccine after 15 months of age. Trivalent measles-mumps-rubella vaccine worked well in children ages 14 to 18 months. Administering trivalent vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine concurrently at 1 year of age, rubella and mumps antibodies developed in more than 95% of vaccinees, while measles antibody was detected in 88%. Responses to hepatitis B vaccine in this situation were good; 89% of vaccinees developed antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen (greater than or equal to 10 mIU/ml) and the geometric mean titer was 362.49 mIU/ml. In summary vaccination twice at 9 and 15 months is effective and is a useful regimen in developing countries where measles is still endemic. Trivalent vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine will not interfere with each other when given together at 1 year of age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Rapid laboratory diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus infection using monoclonal antibody.

The monoclonal antibody E. 13, recognized an early nonstructure antigen (68 KD) of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), was used for early detection of HCMV in cell cultures. The virus antigen could be detected by the indirect immunofluorescence staining (IF) technique 6 hours after inoculation of HCMV AD169 and NTUH871233 strains into human embryonic lung fibroblast (HELF) cells growing in shell vials prepared by low speed centrifugation (700xg) at 25 degrees C for 1 hour. The intensity of fluorescence reached a peak 14 hours after virus inoculation and remained at the same level for 72 hours. The feasibility of application of this technique for rapid detection of HCMV in the clinical virology laboratory was tried. A total of 201 urine specimens requesting HCMV isolation were inoculated into HELF cells using the shell vial culture method. The virus growth in the shell vial cultures was detected by the indirect IF technique with the monoclonal antibody E.13 at 16 to 18 hours postinoculation. The results obtained were compared with those of the conventional tube culture method. The sensitivity and specificity of the test vs the conventional tube culture method for detection of HCMV in clinical specimens were 93.06% and 99.22%, respectively. The average time of virus isolation by the conventional culture method was 10.9 days, whereas final results with the shell vial culture method were obtained in only one day. The above results indicate that detection of HCMV early antigen in infected cells with monoclonal antibody E.13 is a sensitive and reliable method for rapid diagnosis of HCMV infections.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Differentiation of poliovirus type I isolates in the 1982 epidemic from Sabin-I strain by antigenic and temperature markers.

Poliovirus type 1 strains recovered from patients with poliomyelitis during the epidemic of 1982, were distinct antigenically from Sabin-1 strain by comparing homologous and heterologous neutralization rate constants of Sabin-1 specific antiserum. With the reproductive capacity at 40 degrees C, these isolates could be easily differentiated from vaccine strain. It was suggested that the epidemic of poliomyelitis in 1982 was not caused by vaccine strain. The 24 isolates reacted with LSc and/or Sabin-1 antisera to the same extent. It was speculated that they might be antigenically similar if not identical. Three isolates which were collected from the later part of epidemic formed small plaques at 40 degrees C. Rabbit antisera against poliovirus strains 3844, Sabin-1, Mahoney and Brunhilde were produced. Antigenic relatedness among the strains was tested by kinetic neutralization. The strain 3844 was distinct from Brunhilde, Mahoney and Sabin-1. Asymmetric cross-reactions between Mahoney and Sabin-1 strains were clearly demonstrated.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1987

An autopsy-proved case of AIDS in Taiwan.

The first case of AIDS positively identified in a non-foreigner in Taiwan was a 25-year-old unmarried male who had practiced homosexuality for ten years. The patient began to have abdominal pain accompanied with loose stools and weight loss in June 1985, followed by fever, cough, headache, dizziness, and loss of memory. Facial hyperpigmentation and extensive oroesophageal candidiasis were noted. Laboratory studies showed severe lymphopenia with a reversed T-helper to T-suppressor ratio, cutaneous anergy and polyclonal gammopathy. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies were positive by ELISA and Western blot, and the virus was isolated from the blood. At autopsy, disseminated cytomegalovirus infection, extensive CNS toxoplasmosis and early lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma were demonstrated. The detection of HIV in the adrenal medulla supports the consensus that the virus is neurotropic.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

Monoclonal antibodies for the rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection by immunofluorescence.

Eight separate monoclonal antibodies to the Long strain of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were tested for their utility as rapid diagnostic reagents in immunofluorescence. Preliminary screening indicated that all 8 reacted with 11 field strains from three previous local RSV outbreaks and with 4 of 5 additional strains chosen because of their antigenic diversity by neutralization. Two monoclonal antibodies, one each directed against a surface glycoprotein and the nucleocapsid protein, were then compared, singly and combined, with a polyclonal antiserum as diagnostic reagents in 209 consecutive samples submitted to our diagnostic laboratory. Agreement between the two monoclonal antibodies was 100% and between them and the polyclonal serum was 98%. Sensitivity in relation to culture was 96-98%. Monoclonal antibodies are excellent immunofluorescent diagnostic reagents; antigenic diversity among RSV strains was not an impediment to their use in this study.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neonatal hepatitis: a follow-up study.

Fifty-six patients with moderate to severe neonatal hepatitis were followed for 12 to 78 months. Two died from causes other than hepatitis itself and were free from liver disease at the time of death. Of the remaining 54 patients, seven died of hepatitis, two are living with chronic liver disease and psychomotor retardation, and 45 are living without liver disease. High peak bilirubin levels and liver histologic findings of periportal fibrosis, moderate to severe portal inflammation, and/or diffuse giant cell transformation appear to be major factors predictive for poor outcome. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was a common associated infection. Evidence of CMV infection was found in 22 (49%) of the 45 patients studied. Three of them died, and one is still living with cirrhosis of the liver. Metabolic disorders such as alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, galactosemia, and aminoaciduria and/or aminoacidemia were carefully screened but were not found in these cases. A fatal case had a sibling who had died of a similar disease course. Chinese infants may have metabolic and familial cholestasis diseases requiring further investigation.

Bilirubin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alkaline protease catalysis of a secondary amine to form a peptide bond.

Procedures for peptide bond formation using esters of L-amino acids as the acyl donor and secondary amines such as derivatives of D- or L-proline, or pyroglutamic acid as the nucleophile in anhydrous 2-methyl-2-propanol catalyzed by alcalase or subtilisin Carlsberg have been developed. Kinetic studies have shown that all secondary amines tested had catalytic efficiencies (kcat/km) in the range 84-423 min-1 M-1. Both enzymes have identical catalytic properties. The selectivity of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction in 2-methyl-2-propanol shows that at the s-1 subsite of the enzyme only L-amino acids are substrates as acyl donors, and at the s-1' subsite both D- and L-amino acids are substrates. Optimal conditions for preparing precursors of the renin inhibitors Z-Ala-Pro-OBzl, Z-Lys(Z)-Pro-OBzl and Z-Lys(TFA)-Pro-OBzl were studied.

Amides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Elevated nitric oxide level in aqueous humor of patients with acute angle-closure glaucoma.

Nitric oxide, a noxious and free-radical gas, plays a key role in vasodilatation, inflammation, immunity, and neurotoxicity. Studies have shown that a recently detected NO synthase inducible isoform, found in astrocytes in the optic nerve heads of glaucoma patients, could stimulate excessive production of NO. The purpose of our study was to elucidate the role of NO production in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. We measured the concentrations of NO in aqueous humor from 11 patients with acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG) and 14 patients with cataract. All samples were collected from patients who were free of any other systemic disease. Utilizing a chemiluminescence assay, we found that in AACG patients the NO levels in aqueous humor samples (83.2 +/- 6.7 microM) were significantly higher than in cataract patients (27.1 +/- 3.6 microM; p < 0.001). We therefore concluded that excessive NO in AACG patients reflects the degree of ocular impairment demonstrated by concomitant retinal cell and optic nerve cell damage.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reproductive and infectious risk factors for invasive cervical cancer in Taiwan.

A community-based case-control study was carried out to assess multiple risk factors for invasive cervical cancer in Taiwan. All of 183 cases of pathologically confirmed cervical cancer cases and 293 healthy neighborhood controls were recruited from Taipei metropolitus. Healthy controls were matched with cervical cancer cases for age and residence. Multiple risk factors for cervical cancer were obtained from study subjects through standardized interviews according to a structured questionnaire. Serotiters of antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis (CLT), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and human herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multiple logistic regression analysis were used to derive maximum likelihood estimates of multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and confidence intervals (CI). After adjustment for potential risk factors, parity and number of vaginal delivery were associated with an increased risk of invasive cervical cancer. The higher the number of vaginal delivery, the higher the risk of developing cervical cancer (AOR = 6.2, 95% CI = 1.7-22.6 for 7 or more deliveries compared with 0-2 deliveries as the referent group). Increased cervical cancer risk was also significantly associated with the history of chronic cervicitis (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.1-3.8) and elevated serotiters of CLT (AOR = 7.0, 95% CI = 1.7-28.9), HCMV (AOR = 4.1, 95% CI = 1.5-11.3) and HSV-2 (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.1-4.6). The use of diaphragm for contraception was found to be associated with a decreased risk of cervical cancer (AOR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.1-1.0).

Adenocarcinoma↗