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Biomedical subjects

C L Kaluza

Publications and source records attributed to C L Kaluza.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Obstructive sleep apnea: a multisystemic disorder.

Obstructive sleep apnea is a multisystemic disorder with pathologic sequelae that become apparent after a number of years. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea generally present with hypersomnolence, and diagnosis is eventually established through observation of the patient during sleep. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea snore loudly and experience nocturnal oxygen desaturation and repetitive disruptions from sleep that eventually lead to daytime hypersomnolence. Numerous complex interactive pathophysiologic events occur during each obstructive episode, and it is important for the clinician to be aware of the cardiopulmonary, neurologic, and anatomic abnormalities associated with this condition. The anatomic configuration of the pharynx and the physiologic response to occlusion of the upper airway have a major role in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Alveolar ventilation during an apneic episode is immediately reduced to zero, and the metabolic demands for oxygen must be met by oxygen stores within the body. With repetitive episodes of obstruction, the oxygen stores within the lungs are diminished and the rate of arterial oxyhemoglobin desaturation increases. During apneic episodes, the systemic blood pressure increases while heart rate and cardiac output decrease. Bradydysrhythmias have been noted with the obstructive apneic episodes, and ventricular dysrhythmias are associated with episodes of severe oxyhemoglobin desaturation. Coexisting cardiopulmonary or neuromuscular disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea contributes to the development of hypoventilation, serious gas exchange derangement, and general cardiovascular instability.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Measuring nasal function in aviators.

The importance of nasal function in the overall health of man is well documented. The physiologic function of the nose is especially important in the harsh environment of military aviation. Present standards for evaluating nasal function in aviators are based primarily on subjective complaints and limited physical examinations. Rhinomanometry has been used for approximately 100 years for measuring nasal function. Otorhinolaryngologists have used modern rhinomanometric methods for the past 25 years. Rhinomanometry allows the measurement of airflow and pressure in the normal respiratory cycle through the nose. Present methods involve using a simple flow measuring device coupled with a pressure device to measure the pressure required to drive a given amount of air through the nose. Under current development are machines that will automatically measure the work required in movement of a quantity of air across the nose and allow storage of this data into a data management program so that standards can be developed and specific patients followed. It is proposed that rhinomanometry be adopted as an objective measurement of nasal function for use in the physical qualification of aviators. Its use in all people involved with aviation during routine flight physicals is also recommended.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1989

Allergic rhinitis and aviation.

Allergic rhinitis, or hay fever, is a combination of symptoms that affects approximately 20% of the U.S. population. Symptoms include nasal congestion, sneezing, rhinorrhea, and sleep aberrations. Patients with mild or seasonal cases of allergic rhinitis are perfectly capable of performing adequately in the aviation field. At present, these people are grounded during symptomatic periods. This grounding is due to both Federal Air Regulations and Navy regulations which preclude flying with nasal congestion or with the use of medications. Current therapy of allergic rhinitis is based on the use of three different basic modalities. The first modality is immunotherapy which requires usually weekly injections, and the patient is grounded for 24 h after the injection. The second and most commonly used modality is the use of antihistamine-decongestant preparations. The third group of medications is the topical steroids and cromolyn sodium, which are reviewed in detail because of their improved efficacy and safety. Recommendations are proposed for allowing those persons with allergic rhinitis symptoms that are easily controlled with the topical steroids or cromolyn sodium to continue flying.

Aerospace Medicine↗