Expression of human MutS homolog 2 (hMSH2) protein in resting and proliferating cells.
The hMSH2 protein plays an important role in the DNA mismatch repair system. Since this system is involved in the correction of errors that occur during DNA replication, we studied the expression of hMSH2 protein in resting and DNA-replicating cells, as well as through the cell cycle in cell types with different growth characteristics. Using Western blot analysis, we showed that hMSH2 protein was detectable in resting peripheral blood lymphocytes and thymocytes. However, when these cells were induced to proliferate, the protein level increased at least 12-fold. In cell-cycle dependent expression studies we chose two DNA mismatch repair proficient cell lines (HEL and HeLa-S3), and flow cytometry was used to monitor cell-cycle progression. At every phase in the cell cycle, the steady-state level of hMSH2 was higher than in resting lymphocytes or thymocytes, and only minor variations of expression level were observed through the cell cycle. In particular, a two to fourfold decrease in hMSH2 expression occurred at G1 in HEL and at early S phase in HeLa-S3, but higher expression levels resumed during the replicative and postreplicative phases of the cell cycle. Interestingly, hMSH2 protein expression decreased fourfold when HEL cells were induced to differentiate along the megakaryocyte lineage, when continuous DNA replication occurs without mitosis. These results suggest that a basal level of hMSH2 protein expression is necessary for resting and differentiated cells, and that increased hMSH2 protein expression is required when DNA replication is activated and followed by mitosis.