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Biomedical subjects

C L Bullen

Publications and source records attributed to C L Bullen.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1983

Ocular complications of Wegener's granulomatosis.

140 patients with biopsy-proven Wegener's granulomatosis were examined during a 16-year period at the Mayo Clinic. Forty patients had diverse and explosive ophthalmic involvement, including conjunctivitis, episcleritis, scleritis, corneal ulceration, uveitis, retinal vasculitis, optic neuropathy, orbital mass, orbital cellulitis, and obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct. The multiple ophthalmic and systemic complications in these 40 patients and the importance of establishing the pathologic diagnosis are discussed. Treatment with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents has dramatically improved the prognosis, although substantial mortality (four patients died of Wegener's granulomatosis) and ocular morbidity (three eyes were enucleated) are still associated with this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Bifidobacteria in the intestinal tract of infants: an in-vivo study.

Weekly faecal specimens from 18 babies were examined during the first 8 weeks of life. Eight infants were breast fed, ten were bottle-fed. All suckling infants received supplementary feeds for the first 8 days. A buffer consisting of acetic acid and acetate was demonstrated in the faeces of all the breast-fed infants at some time during the period of examination. This buffer was rarely detected during the 1st week of life when supplementary feeds were given, and buffer already present gradually disappeared with the introduction of mixed feeding. In contrast, at no time was an acetate buffer demonstrated in the faeces of bottle-fed infants. Babies receiving breast milk produced faeces with low pH, high counts of saccharolytic organisms including bifidobacteria and Streptococcus faecium, and low counts of Escherichia coli, bacteroides and clostridia. Bottle-fed infants on the other hand produced faeces with a high pH and high counts of E. coli and putrefactive bacteria, but with low counts of bifidobacteria.

Acetates↗
PubMed1976

Bifidobacteria in the intestinal tract of infants: an in-vitro study.

In-vitro studies showed that a number of factors are likely to influence the production and maintenance of a bifidobacillary flora and low pH in the faeces of newborn infants. Considerable importance is attached to the nature of the end products of bacterial metabolism in the large intestine. Thus, there is evidence to suggest that acetic acid and other metabolites of intraluminal bacterial growth suppress the growth of gram-negative organisms, but are without effect upon that of bifidobacteria. This mechanism in turn is controlled by the nature of the feed; important factors in breast milk include high lactose, low protein and low phosphate content.

Acetates↗
PubMed1973

Breast milk substitute: a bacteriological study.

The increased susceptibility of infants fed on cows' milk preparations has been attributed, at least in part, to differences in the nature of the large-bowel content-owing to the acidity of the faeces and their high content of Lactobacillus bifidus. In an attempt to mimic these features of the breastfed infant in one who is fed artificially, a breast milk substitute was devised which resembles breast milk in several important ways. When this material was fed to newborn infants the faeces developed the characteristics of those of the breast-fed child.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1971

Resistance of the breast-fed infant to gastroenteritis.

From in-vitro studies of breast and cow's milk preparations, and of the faeces from breast-fed and bottle-fed infants, a number of factors seemed likely to influence the production and maintenance of a lactobacillary flora and low pH in the faeces of newborn infants. These were mainly attributable to the nature of the feed. It is suggested that responsible factors in breast milk include its high lactose, low protein, low phosphate content, together with its poor buffering capacity. Importance is also attached to the fact that breast milk seems to provide a fluid feed of small bulk and low residue, and that its use is unlikely to include periods of starvation. Cow's milk, on the other hand, which has a low lactose, high protein, high phosphate content, and a high buffering capacity, is a relatively bulky, high-residue feed. Feeding regimens which employ it are likely to include periods of starvation.

Animals↗