Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C Klicpera

Publications and source records attributed to C Klicpera.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The time structure of depressive mood in schizophrenic patients.

This research focused on the depressive mood of 134 inpatients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. All of the patients filled in a self-rating mood scale (Befindlichkeits-Skala by von Zerssen) every other day. The frequency of depressive mood and the intensity and dynamics of each period of depression were analysed with the aid of defined algorithms. Marked depression was found in more than half of the patients. Depression was seen predominantly at the beginning of hospitalization, and subsequent occurrences were not concentrated in any specific time periods. The results suggested that depression in schizophrenia is predominantly an experience or consequence of the underlying illness and that pharmacological factors are not of as great importance as has been thus far assumed in the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Finger localization and right-left discrimination in older dyslexic children].

Finger localization and right-left discrimination were assessed in a group of dyslexic boys aged 11 1/2 to 14 1/2 and in a control group of boys without learning disabilities matched for age and IQ. The dyslexic boys and only minor difficulties on both types of task, but the differences between the two groups were still significant. No evidence was found that relatively poor verbal or nonverbal ability had any effect on level of performance. Likewise, no marked difference in performance was found between the two hands on the finger localization tasks in either group of subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Etiology of behavior disorders in children: a study of children in inpatient psychiatric treatment (author's transl)].

The behavior problems of 144 behaviorally disturbed children are described who were treated as inpatients between 1966 and 1973. The problems were classified with the multiaxial classification system for psychiatric disorders in childhood. In addition, they were evaluated with a psychopathology assessment inventory developed by the authors. Data on somatic and psychosocial factors were also recorded. Specific behavior disorders were associated with specific somatic and psychosocial factors. The extent to which behavior could be modified during in patient treatment depended on the kind and severity of the behavior problems bu only to a small extent on somatic and psychosocial factors. On the other hand, parenteral cooperativeness had a significant influence on therapeutic outcome. The multiaxial classification system was validated by the ratings on the psychopathology assessment inventory. The reasons for certain difficulties in classifying behavior problems in children are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[The mitral valve prolapse syndrome as an aetiological factor in cardiophobia and juvenile insult (author's transl)].

The mitral valve prolapse may be an aetiological factor in anxiety neurosis and in transitory ischemias and cerebral insults in young adults. This syndrome must be considered in the differential diagnosis of cardiophobia. The symptoms of anxiety in the mitral valve prolapse syndrome are in no way different from the subjective symptoms in cardiophobia and in the other syndromes of free floating anxiety. The diagnosis of cardiophobia, including the wider scope covered by the syndrome of anxiety neurosis, should therefore include, besides other somatic examinations, echocardiography and long-term ECG examination. In the field of neurology, the prolapse of the mitral valve must be taken into consideration in all transitory ischaemic attacks and cerebral infarctions in relatively young patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Bimanual co-ordination in adolescent boys with reading retardation.

The temporal organization of unimanual and bimanual rhythmic finger-tapping was compared between adolescent normal readers and retarded readers, as well as across subgroups of retarded readers with different psychometric intelligence profiles. Regardless of subtype, the retarded readers had substantially greater difficulty in maintaining a steady tapping rhythm than did controls, but their deficit was limited to motor tasks requiring asymmetrical timing commands to the two hands. The findings indicate that the motor deficits of retarded readers on complex skills persist into adolescence; and they suggest that one major source of difficulties in motor performance may be in rapid communication between the hemispheres.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The course of depression for different types of schizophrenia.

During 197 courses of treatment for schizophrenia, depressive mood was evaluated every other day with a self-rating mood scale. The different patterns of depression identified in an earlier study could be correlated with the diagnostic subgroups of schizophrenia in which the patients were classified. Hebephrenic affect disturbance appeared as temporal discontinuity of depressive mood during the courses of treatment. Patients with a paranoid type of schizophrenia were the least depressed and had the fewest fluctuations of mood. Although patients with a schizoaffective type of schizophrenia exhibited characteristic changes between manic and depressive mood, their mood within a manic or depressive period was more stable than that of any other subgroup. The differences in depressive course are discussed in terms of their symptomatological and diagnostic significance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[The vegetative perception of anxiety reactions].

Anxiety is considered as a major factor in the development of neurotic disturbances. In anxiety psychology new experimental techniques and therapeutic methods have been established by psychophysiological studies. The present review commens on some models of learning theory: By this is is discussed the persistence and therefore the impairment by anxiety as situation- and responsespecific conditioning processes. Avoidance behavior has a special impact on these processes. On the neurophysiological level arousalmechanisms, and on the psychological level developmental and personality factors interfere with anxiety.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1979

Course of depressive mood and psychomotor activation in endogenous depression.

The course of the depressive mood during depressive phases was measured by a self-rating mood scale and analyzed by various algorithms. Agitated, depressed patients often reveal a continuous decline in the depressive mood; retarded, depressed patients, on the other hand, often show brief and marked fluctuations in mood during remission. Although various effects occur due to treatment, especially differences between the effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and antidepressants, the described changes in mood appear to be predominantly due to psychomotor activation. The relationship between these courses of depression is discussed and interpreted on the basis of biochemical and psychopharmacologic findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Antidepressive treatment and mood swing patterns in endogenous depression.

In 105 patients with endogenous depression treated with antidepressants or ECT the course of the depressive state was evaluated by means of a self-rating mood scale (Befindlichkeits-Skala by von Zerssen). The scale was filled out every second day. The course of the depressive mood was computed by various algorithms for each patient. Two different courses of depressive mood could be identified: some patients showed a relatively continuous decline in the depressive mood, whereas others showed strong fluctuations. Although there were some correlations between type of treatment and extent of mood swings, other factors also seemed to be relevant. Thus, there appears to be an interaction between treatment effects and spontaneous rhythms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effects of somatic treatments on mood in endogenous depression.

The effects of ECT, amitriptyline, clomipramine, maprotiline and desipramine on the course of endogenous depression were compared in 105 patients using repeated self-administered mood questionnaires as the outcome measure. Remission was more rapid after ECT therapy than psychopharmacological treatment, but the absolute improvement did not differ significantly between ECT and other somatic therapies. Improvement in response to clomipramine was more rapid than to other psychopharmacological agents, and did not differ from that in response to ECT. The advantages and disadvantages of ECT for endogenous depression are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Cognitive and learning theory aspects of anxiety (author's transl)].

The learning model of anxiety by Mowrer and Miller has significantly influenced the development of theories in clinical psychology and psychosomatic medicine as well as the development of behavioral therapies. This concept, however, is insufficient in explaining factors effective in psychophysiological conditioning experiments, behavioral therapies, and in animal experiments of anxiety conditioning. This study discusses new learning theoretical concepts intending to explain the development and persistence of anxiety states. Therewith the various effects of cognitive, psychobiological, and situational factors on each other are of special significance. Therefore in studying the causes of anxiety states in clinical psychology the different components of anxiety dealt with in these theories have to be considered.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1978

Autonomic perception and responses in anxiety-inducing situations.

The anxiolytic and sedative properties of a thienodiazepine (clotiazepam) were investigated in 40 healthy subjects with varying degrees of arousal and with the aid of specific anxiety-inducing conditions. A cross-over design with a double blind technique was used. EEG, heart and respiratory rate, peripheral pulse volume and skin resistance were measured during the anxiety-inducing conditions with the visualization of neutral and fearful situations as well as with the threat of shock. The mood, physical sensations and behaviour tendencies of the test subjects were determined by self-rating questionnaires. The anxiolytic and sedative effects of the thienodiazepine under study were able to be differentiated as far as subjective perception and autonomic responses were concerned. The development of sedative and anxiolytic effects is dependent on the subject's state of arousal. Situations involving the anticipation of anxiety are sufficient as proof of pharmacogenic anxiolysis. The tranquilizer reduces anxiety and physical tension, but does not influence the timing of autonomic readiness responses, and thus does not affect the coping strategies.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Criteria of heart rate response measurements in psychosomatic diagnosis].

The central function of the cardiovascular system in the internal homeostasis of the human organism and in the externally directed adaptive and transformative processes explains the importance of this system in psychophysiological investigations. At the same time it is apparent, that the functional complexity leads to methodological difficulties in the analysis of stimulus-response relationships. Using heart-rate-response to acoustical stimuli a variety of factors influencing form and extent of cardiovascular responses are discussed as there permit an explanation of varying results in psychophysiological studies on this topic. Two habituation experiments with a total of 100 subjects were used to analyse the depending of heart-rate upon type and intensity of stimuli and associated systemic variations with varying states of activation. An alternative method of measurement is presented which consideres the timing of heart-rate reaction, thus avoiding to undue the temporal coherence of the components of heart-rate response. This method offers the possibility for a real-time-comparison between different autonomic functions.

Acoustic Stimulation↗