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Biomedical subjects

C Kim

Publications and source records attributed to C Kim.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Effect of hippocampectomy on sleep patterns in cats.

The study was planned to see if the hippocampus has an influence on fast wave sleep (FWS) as well as on slow wave sleep (SWS). From 8 male cats EEG, EMG and EOG were recorded for 24 h, first under normal conditions, secondly after cortical damage to the dorsal marginal portion of posterior ectosylvian gyrus, and thirdly following hippocampectomy done through the cortical damage. From the records, SWS, FWS and the sleep state (defined as a sequence of SWS or SWS-FWS phases between two successive waking states) were measured in terms of their occurrence, the mean duration and the total time they occupied in the day, night and 24 h. In addition, sleep sequences were classified according to the number of constituent sleep phases. Cortical damage did not affect SWS, FWS, or sleep state with regard to their occurrence, the mean duration, and the total time they occupied in 24 h. Nor did it affect the proportion of short and long sequences. The circadian variation of sleep was clearly retained. Hippocampectomy significantly reduced the total time occupied by sleep state, SWS and FWS, increased the occurrence of sleep state and SWS phase against decreased incidence of FWS phase, and reduced the mean duration of sleep state and SWS phase. Hippocampectomy also significantly increased the occurrence of sleep sequences with only one SWS phase at the cost of sequences with alternating SWS and FWS phases. Following hippocampectomy, the circadian variation of sleep was not only retained, but actually exagerated. The hippocampus in inferred to facilitate the FWS as well as the SWS phase of sleep.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

An easy and safe technique for nephrostomy.

By an atraumatic technique of nephrostomy, dysfuncti-n of the nephrostomy due to hemorrhage during the early postoperative period can be prevented. The nephrostomy can be changed at any time without difficulty by the use of this technique.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in octogenarians and nonagenarians.

BACKGROUND: Studies of elderly patients who have out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have contradictory results. The studies usually define elderly patients as those older than 70 years, and include relatively few octogenarians and nonagenarians. OBJECTIVES: To compare the survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of octogenarians, nonagenarians, and younger patients and to determine the influence of age on survival after adjusting for factors known to influence out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcome. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in suburban King County, Washington, on 5882 patients who had out-of-hospital cardiac arrest from presumed cardiovascular disease between January 1, 1987, and December 31, 1998, and who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation from bystanders, emergency medical technicians, or both. The main outcome measure was survival to hospital discharge. RESULTS: In patients who had out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to a cardiac cause, younger patients had higher hospital discharge rates than octogenarians, who in turn had higher hospital discharge rates than nonagenarians (19.4% vs 9.4% vs 4.4%; P<.001). However, survival to hospital discharge improved significantly for younger patients, octogenarians, and nonagenarians who had ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (36% vs 24% vs 17%; P<.001). After multiple logistic regression analysis controlling for other factors, increased age was weakly associated with decreased survival to hospital discharge (odds ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0. 85-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: Octogenarians and nonagenarians have lower survival to hospital discharge than younger patients, but age is a much weaker predictor of survival than other factors such as initial cardiac rhythm. Decisions regarding resuscitation should not be based on age alone. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:3439-3443.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of human intercellular adhesion molecules in middle ear cholesteatoma.

INTRODUCTION: Cell adhesion molecules are cell surface proteins that allow specific cell-cell interactions among leukocytes, as well as between leukocytes and other cells. Because middle ear cholesteatoma is characterized by the presence of leukocyte infiltrates, the presence of the two molecule types of intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and ICAM-2) was investigated on cholesteatoma using monoclonal antibodies. METHODS: Tissue sections from 10 patients with cholesteatoma, and normal skin from 5 patients were prepared for alkaline-phosphatase--anti-alkaline-phosphatase (APAAP) staining. RESULTS: ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 were present in normal skin in microvascular endothelial cells and in intersticial cells of the dermis. Cholesteatoma showed a very important increase of the ICAM-1 expression with comparison to human skin. All infiltrating immune cells showed positive reactions for the antibody. Furthermore, the intensity of the staining of vessels cells was higher than in normal skin. Keratinocytes were only positive if a very heavy infiltrate was present subepidermally. ICAM-2 was present in endothelial and intersticial cells in normal skin and in cholesteatoma. Most of the infiltrating cells in the cholesteatoma stroma showed positive reactions for the anti-ICAM-2 antibody. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that both ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 play a central role in the regulation of the inflammatory disorders observed in cholesteatoma.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of ethanol on brain catecholamines in rat lines developed for differential ethanol-induced motor impairment.

The importance of the central catecholamines, with the emphasis on the noradrenergic neurons in the differential sensitivity to ethanol between the AT (alcohol-tolerant) rats selected for low and the ANT (alcohol-nontolerant) rats selected for high sensitivity to ethanol-induced (2 g/kg) motor impairment, was clarified by studying the effects of ethanol (2 and 4 g/kg, IP) on the utilization of norepinephrine (NA) and dopamine (DA), and on the metabolism of NA. The utilization of the catecholamines was estimated from the disappearance of the amines after inhibition of the brain tyrosine hydroxylase by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (200 mg/kg, IP), given 15 min after the administration of ethanol. The formation of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol (MHPG) was used as an estimate of NA metabolism, and was measured 30 min after the administration of ethanol. The basal utilization rate of NA and DA was similar between the two rat lines, but the increased formation of MHPG suggested that the naive AT rats had a higher noradrenergic activity in the limbic forebrain, hypothalamus, and cerebellum than did ANT rats. In the brain of both lines, ethanol accelerated the utilization and metabolism of NA in the same manner. Ethanol also increased the utilization of DA in the limbic forebrain of the AT and ANT rats. The higher sensitivity of the ANT rats' DA neurons to ethanol in the limbic forebrain and striatum was revealed by the significant rat line X ethanol interaction. The present findings suggest that the AT and ANT rats differ in the dopaminergic, but not in the noradrenergic responses to ethanol.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Functional analysis of aberrant behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement: assessments of specific sensory reinforcers.

The purpose of this study was to develop a systematic functional assessment package for aberrant behaviors maintained by nonsocial (automatic) reinforcement. The assessment package included four components: (1) functional analysis, (2) antecedent assessment of specific automatic reinforcement sources, (3) stimulus preference assessment, and (4) treatment evaluation. Functional analysis data indicated automatic reinforcement functions of the stereotypy exhibited by a 10-year-old male and the self-injury (SIB) exhibited by a 30-year-old male. Antecedent assessments of sensory classes indicated that auditory stimulation and tactile stimulation were associated with stereotypy and SIB, respectively. A multiple-stimulus-without-replacement procedure was conducted with each participant to identify the most- and least-preferred stimuli within the identified sensory classes. In an attempt to validate the assessment package for each participant, a DRO procedure was implemented using a reversal design with a multielement component. DRO procedures using stimuli within the targeted sensory classes were successful in eliminating the aberrant behaviors of both participants. The results are discussed in the context of improving the methodology for assessing and treating automatically reinforced behaviors.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postnatal changes in the calcium binding proteins of mouse testis.

To define the changes in calcium-binding proteins (CBPs) of mouse testis during postnatal development, testicular protein extracts were analyzed by mobility shift after Ca2+ binding (MSACB) in the 2-dimensional SDS-PAGE. In the adult testis extracts, 29 kinds of protein spots showed mobility shift in the gel containing Ca2+. Among them, 2 spots showed nonspecific mobility shift and 4 spots showed Zn2+ shift. Drastic changes in expression of high-Mr CBPs (Mr > 25 kDa) were observed in testis 3 weeks after birth, suggesting that their expressions were developmentally changed. There was no obvious difference in the qualitative patterns of CBP between 4-week-old testis and adult testis. There was a large mass of CBPs (Mr = 20-25 kDa) expressed constitutively in testis throughout the postnatal development. Degree of MSACB (Mr on the diagonal line/Mr of shifted point in Ca2+ gel) of each spot was in the range of 1.1-1.7 in 12% acrylamide gel. These results suggest that changes in CBPs of testis are closely related with progression of spermatogenesis in mouse testis.

Animals↗