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Biomedical subjects

C Kaplan

Publications and source records attributed to C Kaplan.

228 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Somatization in primary care: patients with unexplained and vexing medical complaints.

Somatizing patients experience or express emotional discomfort and psychosocial distress as physical symptoms. Somatization occurs in a broad spectrum of illnesses, in association with a wide variety of mental disorders, including depression, anxiety, and the somatoform disorders. Primary care providers must detect and treat these patients. Diagnosis is based on positive criteria. Care rests upon conservative medical management and evaluation; a physician-patient relationship based on acceptance, caring, and trust; reinforcement of positive behaviors and elimination of destructive ones; and the gradual use of the relationship to promote healthy relating in the patient.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Research methods for illegal drug use in hidden populations: summary report of a European invited expert meeting.

An Invited European Expert Group Meeting was held in Rotterdam that focused on research methods for hidden populations using illicit drugs. Experts from most European Community member states participated and contributed state-of-the-art presentations on various research methodologies. Attention was paid to the more quantitatively oriented research methods, such as surveys using questionnaires, interviews, and routine statistics from treatment and criminal justice as well as to more ethnographically oriented research methodologies. Recommendations were formulated for the near future: research methodology needs to meet all the classical methodological criteria, such as clear definitions, tests on reliability and validity, and clear sampling procedures. Interfacing methods is the key phrase. More quantitatively oriented methods, such as interviewing a random sample from a household survey, seem unsuitable for research on illicit drugs, except perhaps for the use of cannabis. A multifactorial problem, such as illicit drug use and related problems, should be approached in a multidisciplinary way; that is, the integration of different research methodologies. Comparability between individual research projects in different countries requires not only technical adjustments of the data, but also a "framework for communication." Data always need to be interpreted in terms of cultural context. A similar framework should enhance studies with respect to comparison of drug policies and their consequences in different cities or countries.

Epidemiologic Methods↗
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Retrospective study of similarities and relations between American drug-free and European therapeutic communities for children and adults.

This article focuses on the similarities and relations between the European therapeutic community for children and adults on the one hand and the American drug-free "concept" therapeutic community on the other. Both approaches are reviewed in a historical and comparative perspective with special attention to several critical issues: democracy versus hierarchy, self-help versus professionalism, psychoanalysis versus behaviorism and concept versus social learning. These two different TC-approaches can be considered as subdivisions of one modality, namely an environment for social learning in which living together in a group can be regarded as the primary agent of growth and human development. In recent years there has been a tendency towards further integration of these two approaches.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Does timely assessment affect the anxiety associated with an abnormal mammogram result?

Anxiety following an abnormal mammogram result can be substantial. We examined whether the time to the first diagnostic test was associated with anxiety. We surveyed 449 women at 2 and 8 months after an abnormal mammogram result, and we reviewed their medical records. Twenty-six percent of women reported being very anxious about their abnormal mammogram result at the time of the two-month interview, and 22% reported persistent anxiety after 8 months. After adjustment, the number of days until the first diagnostic test was not associated with anxiety at the 2-month interview. By the second interview, women who received their first diagnostic test within the first week were significantly more anxious, as were women who did not receive their first test for at least 60 days after their results. Further work is needed to ascertain how to minimize the anxiety associated with the evaluation of an abnormal mammogram.

Aged↗
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Rabies.

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Animals↗