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Biomedical subjects

C Kaiser

Publications and source records attributed to C Kaiser.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Ultrasonographical investigation of periportal fibrosis in children with Schistosoma mansoni infection: reversibility of morbidity seven months after treatment with praziquantel.

Five hundred thirty six Sudanese schoolchildren with Schistosoma mansoni infection were treated at random with either 20 mg or 40 mg/kg praziquantel. Seven months later 420 children could be reinvestigated by ultrasonography. Reduction of egg excretion and reversibility of sonographically-proven periportal fibrosis (PF) was not significantly different in the two groups. Schistosoma mansoni-induced PF grade II decreased from 22.9% to 6.7% and grade III from 5.2% to 1.6%. An increased prevalence of PF grade I, from 10% to 29.8% of the investigated patients, was observed. This increase was caused partly by a downshifting of patients who had PF II (n = 45) and PF III (n = 8) before therapy, but also by patients who developed PF I in the seven months after therapy (n = 56). The overall percentage of patients with PF before and after treatment was 38.1%. Of 420 children, 17.4% increased in their PF grade, 55% remained at the same level and 27.6% improved. Children younger than 11 years of age had a higher rate of complete reversibility than older ones. The percentage of patients with hepatomegaly decreased significantly (11.6% to 6.9%; p = 0.001). The rate of splenomegaly remained unchanged. It was concluded that within seven months therapy with praziquantel resulted in a considerable qualitative improvement of PF in Sudanese schoolchildren with S. mansoni infection.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Cow's milk protein allergy--results of skin-prick test with purified milk proteins.

The diagnosis of milk-protein allergies is difficult. Therefore, the main cow's milk proteins (alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin A + B, alpha s-casein, beta-casein, kappa-casein), purified to the highest available standards, were used for differential diagnosis of allergic individuals by applying skin-prick test. In the case of adults with uncertain medical history, milk proteins rarely caused skin reactions, while distinct skin reactions were observed in 11 of 13 children with strongly suspected milk-protein allergy. In the presented study alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin B were the main allergens, because skin reactions to these proteins were provoked with highest prevalence and intensity. Intensity and prevalence of reactions to alpha- and kappa-casein were significantly less. In two cases skin reactions to alpha-lactalbumin were observed exclusively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Conservative management of epistaxis.

A retrospective study to assess the clinical usefulness of non-surgical management of epistaxis was performed on 340 patients requiring hospitalisation at the ENT Department of La Paz Hospital (Madrid). The previous history, type of management, hospitalisation time, and volume of transfusion were considered. Nasal packing was employed in 94.1 per cent of the patients. Most patients (82.9 per cent) were hospitalised less than seven days, and 84.1 per cent of the patients required no transfusion. There was one death. This study supports the clinical usefulness of conservative management in the treatment of patients with epistaxis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Synthesis of some 3-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octyl) 3-amino-2-hydroxy-2-phenylpropionates: profile of antimuscarinic efficacy and selectivity.

A series of 3-quinuclidinyl atrolactate [3-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octyl) 2-hydroxy-2-phenylpropionate, QNA] derivatives in which the methyl group of the parent is substituted with a tertiary amino substituent was prepared and tested for antimuscarinic activity. In general, potency was markedly decreased, although the morpholinyl and thiomorpholinyl derivatives retained significant activity. These compounds were also examined for muscarinic receptor subtype selectivity. Their subtype selectivities were comparable to that of (R,R)-QNA. The results of this investigation suggest possible differences in the accessory binding sites of the proteinaceous receptor subtypes.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Some benzyl-substituted imidazoles, triazoles, tetrazoles, pyridinethiones, and structural relatives as multisubstrate inhibitors of dopamine beta-hydroxylase. 4. Structure-activity relationships at the copper binding site.

Structure-activity relationships (SAR) were determined for novel multisubstrate inhibitors of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH; EC 1.14.17.1) by examining the effects upon in vitro inhibitory potencies resulting from structural changes at the copper-binding region of inhibitor. Attempts were made to determine replacement groups for the thione sulfur atom of the prototypical inhibitor 1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole-2-thione described previously. The synthesis and evaluation of oxygen and nitrogen analogues of the soft thione group demonstrated the sulfur atom to be necessary for optimal activity. An additional series of imidazole-2-thione relatives was prepared in an effort to probe the relationship between the pKa of the ligand group and inhibitory potency. In vitro inhibitory potency was shown not to correlate with ligand pKa over a range of approximately 10 pKa units, and a rationale for this is advanced. Additional ligand modifications were prepared in order to explore bulk tolerance at the enzyme oxygen binding site and to determine the effects of substituting a six-membered ligand group for the five-membered imidazole-2-thione ligand.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Sonography in suspected appendicitis: a decisive factor in diagnosis and therapy? Results of a prospective study of 669 patients].

The appendectomy-rate in the Federal Republic of Germany is decreasing. German surgeons have begun to refuse appendectomy if there are no signs of acute inflammation. Preoperative assessment of patients with right lower quadrant pain has acquired new significance. The authors report on 2 years of experience with routine use of high-resolution ultrasonography in 669 cases of suspected acute appendicitis. Only 101 patients (= 15.1%) turned out to be suffering from acute appendicitis. Ultrasonography evaluation was found to have a sensitivity of 84.2%, a specificity of 96.8% and an overall accuracy of 94.9%. Ultrasonography was also useful in detecting mimicking diseases of acute appendicitis. Sonography should help to rule out severe disease in the frequent cases of functional abdominal pain.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Diagnosis of swine influenza with an immunofluorescence technique using monoclonal antibodies.

Direct diagnosis of swine influenza infection by an indirect immunofluorescence technique using anti-nucleoproteine monoclonal antibody was compared with virus isolation. Five 8-week-old pigs were inoculated with 2 x 10(7) EID50 of strain A H1N1Sw/4115/85. Clinical signs developed in only three pigs. Antigen was detected in nasal epithelial cells obtained from all animals the first day after inoculation; the antigen was detected in one pig 6 days after the infection. Fluorescence was present in the nucleus, nucleolus and cytoplasm of infected cells. The indirect immunofluorescence test was specific and as sensitive as virus isolation in embryonated eggs, allowing a rapid diagnosis that could be achieved within hours.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Ultrasonographical investigation of periportal fibrosis in children with Schistosoma mansoni infection: evaluation of morbidity.

Morbidity of Schistosoma mansoni infection was assessed in 536 infected Sudanese schoolchildren using an ultrasonographical staging system for periportal fibrosis of the liver. S. mansoni ova excretion in stools was mild in 28%, moderate in 58%, and severe in 14% of the patients. Grade 1 periportal fibrosis was found in 10.3% grade 2 in 23.1%, and grade 3 in 4.7% of S. mansoni-infected children. Girls and boys were equally affected. The distribution of periportal fibrosis compared to the age of patients was homogenous. There was no significant difference of the rate of periportal fibrosis in the 3 groups of intensity of infection. However, in the 204 patients who showed periportal fibrosis, there was a strong relation between severity of ultrasonographically detectable fibrosis with intensity of egg excretion. In 332 children, of which 73 had a heavy infection, no signs of periportal fibrosis were detected. Sudanese children show a variable susceptibility towards the development of S. mansoni-induced periportal fibrosis. High risk patients can be detected at a childhood stage by measuring the intensity of infection and investigating the liver by ultrasound.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Enzyme activities and protein concentrations in serum of patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis.

The hepatosplenic form of Schistosoma mansoni infection contributes considerably to morbidity and mortality in endemic areas. The present study investigated serum protein concentrations and serum enzyme activities of 58 Sudanese patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. All of them had a history of infection with S. mansoni and one or several episodes of oesophageal bleeding due to portal hypertension. Diagnosis was based on clinical (n = 24), ultrasonographical (n = 18) and histological (n = 16) grounds. The control group consisted of 40 Sudanese healthy blood donors. Serum albumin was found to be significantly lower in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (median = 37 g/l) than in controls (median = 47 g/l). Serum enzyme analysis revealed only minimal alterations of cellular enzyme activities, but a marked decrease of cholinesterase activity. Serum albumin concentration correlated significantly with cholinesterase activity. We conclude that liver function in patients with schistosomiasis and portal hypertension is partially disturbed. Low serum albumin and low cholinesterase activity reflected an impaired protein synthesis of the liver. Destruction of parenchymal liver cells was mild or absent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Renal function in Sudanese school children with Schistosoma mansoni infection.

Renal function was investigated in 218 school children with Schistosoma mansoni infection in the Providence of Gezira in central Sudan and in 65 Sudanese and 65 German age-matched controls. Serum creatinine was normal in all children. A pathological urinary protein-creatinine ratio was found in 3% of S. mansoni-infected children and in 5% of Sudanese controls but in none of the European children. Characterization of pathological proteinuria using albumin nephelometry, alpha-1 microglobulin immunodiffusion and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in these children showed glomerular, tubular or mixed glomerulotubular patterns. One, 4 and 6 months following treatment of schistosomiasis with praziquantel, stools were re-examined; 57% of patients were cured, 16% were found to be reinfected and 27% had persistent egg excretion. Six months after therapy, pathological urinary protein-creatinine ratios were encountered in 3% of S. mansoni patients and in none of the 34 reinvestigated controls. Proteinuria was similar in patients with persistent S. mansoni egg excretion and in children cured of schistosomiasis infection. It is concluded that there was no evidence for S. mansoni associated glomerulonephritis in this group of Sudanese children. The high rate of pathological proteinuria in S. mansoni-infected and non-infected Sudanese children may be due to other causes.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[Pathologic consequences of a severe influenza outbreak (swine virus A/H1N1) under natural conditions in the non-immune sow at the beginning of pregnancy].

Pathological consequences of a severe outbreak of swine influenza (H1N1 virus) in the non immune sow at the beginning of pregnancy, under natural conditions. A sudden acute outbreak of fever, depression, anorexia and coughing in a group of nulliparous sows from a herd that was currently under epidemiological investigation lead to build a particular disposal of observation. The clinical signs were daily recorded including rectal temperature. Blood was taken from the sows at the beginning of the troubles and 3 weeks later for the detection of Aujesky's disease, coronavirus TGE-like, Influenza viruses A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Viral detection was attempted from nasal swabs and aborted fetuses during the acute phase. The clinical study showed fever reaching near 41 degrees C on most of the pigs and lasting usually from 2 to 5 days. The diagnosis of Influenza (virus swine H1N1) was established both on serology (massive seroconversion) and on the detection of the virus from the nasal swabs and from an aborted fetus. The control of the lungs of sows "not in pig" and culled showed extended lesions of bronchopneumonia and Pasteurella multocida was found. The technical consequences of this severe outbreak of Influenza on reproduction were mainly important at the beginning of pregnancy. Over 13 sows inseminated less than 1 week before the outbreak, only 3 farrowed (respectively 5.5 and 12 piglets); 7 returned to oestrus and 3 "not a pig" at 21 days (echotomography) did not show signs of heat and were culled. Over 8 pregnant sows (1 month of pregnancy), 6 farrowed normal litters and total embryonic resorption occurred in 2 sows. Over 18 pregnant sows (more than 45 days gestation) one aborted.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1989

Rapid diagnosis of influenza infection of NP antigen using an immunocapture ELISA test.

An immunocapture ELISA test for the diagnosis of human and animal influenza A and/or B is described. A monoclonal anti-nucleoprotein (NP) antibody was used to capture the NP antigen and the captured antigen was detected by an anti-NP polyclonal rabbit antiserum. Compared with the usual diagnostic method by cultivation in embryonated eggs, this test had a high specificity (97%) and sensitivity when used for diagnosis using clinical nasopharyngeal samples obtained from patients and animals. Immunocapture ELISA permitted an easier reading than the indirect immunofluorescence technique. It also permitted diagnosis in frozen samples (-20 degrees C) or in infected LLCMK2 cells mixed with uninfected nasopharyngeal cells and kept at 20 degrees C for one week. This test can be carried out in 3 h.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Reference ranges for alpha-amylase in serum and urine with 4,6-ethylidene-(G7)-1-4-nitrophenyl-(G1)-alpha,D-maltoheptaoside as substrate.

Reference ranges for alpha-amylase in serum, spontaneously voided urine, and 24 h urine were determined, using 4,6-ethylidene-(G7)-1-4-nitrophenyl-(Gl)-alpha,D-maltoheptaoside as the substrate (EPS method), at 25, 30, and 37 degrees C. The measured values were evaluated with and without the use of a factor which converts the results of the alpha-amylase EPS method into values comparable to those obtained with the alpha-amylase PNP method (substrate: 4-nitrophenyl-alpha,D-maltoheptaoside); comparison with the established reference ranges of the PNP method was therefore possible. The values for urine sometimes deviated markedly from the PNP reference ranges, but the values for serum showed close agreement. With the use of the conversion factor, the following reference ranges are proposed for the new alpha-amylase method: Serum (186 males and 131 females): up to 120 U/l (25 degrees C), up to 160 U/l (30 degrees C), and up to 220 U/l (37 degrees C). Spontaneously voided urine: up to 600 U/l (n = 323, 25 degrees C), up to 800 U/l (n = 373, 30 degrees C), and up to 1000 U/l (n = 373, 37 degrees C). 24 h urine: up to 450 U/24 h (n = 90, 25 degrees C), up to 650 U/24 h (n = 129, 30 degrees C), and up to 900 U/24 h (n = 129, 37 degrees C).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Renal function and morphology in Sudanese patients with advanced hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and portal hypertension.

The association between glomerular disease and hepatosplenic schistosomiasis is well documented in reports from South America. During the present hospital investigation in Sudan, 58 patients admitted for intercurrent complications of advanced hepatosplenic schistosomiasis were studied. The patients, median age 35 years, had no concurrent Schistosoma haematobium infection. Diagnostic criteria included an enlarged spleen (n = 58), at least 1 episode of hematemesis (n = 55) and/or melena (n = 36), endoscopical demonstration of gastroesophageal varices (29/29 studied), ultrasonographical imaging of hepatic periportal fibrosis (18/18 studied), and intraoperative liver biopsy with characteristic histological findings (11/16 biopsied). Serum creatinine, urea, electrolytes, cholesterol, total protein, and electrophoresis were within normal limits. Median urinary protein/creatinine ratio was 0.06 and thereby not significantly different from European reference values. Only 1 patient had proteinuria of 1.7 g/l. Minimal hematuria was found in 5 patients. Ten kidney biopsies were taken intraoperatively during a portal decompression procedure (Hassab operation). Light, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy produced no evidence of glomerulonephritis. These findings indicate that S. mansoni induced nephrotic syndrome may be less frequent in Sudan than in South America. Renal involvement due to S. mansoni infection may therefore encompass geographical variances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Sonomorphological abnormalities in Sudanese children with Schistosoma mansoni infection: a proposed staging-system for field diagnosis of periportal fibrosis.

For the purpose of staging sonographical abnormalities induced by Schistosoma mansoni infection in childhood, 536 patients aged 6-15 years underwent extensive sonographical examination. Specific findings of periportal fibrosis were classified in 3 grades and occurred in study patients but not in controls (n = 60). Grade I consisted of echogenic bands usually with a diameter greater than 4 mm that were best visible in the area of the portal vein bifurcation and gallbladder neck. Frequently a continuous U-shaped echogenic structure extended from the left portal branch to the gallbladder bed. Grade II was characterized by echogenic bands usually greater than 10 mm in diameter around the central part and major branches of the portal vein. In addition to features common to grade II, grade III included streak-like fibrous bands that were not confined to portal vein lumina but extended into the periphery of the liver. Sonographical abnormalities encountered in children with S. mansoni infection differed significantly from those in adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Ketotifen in allergic rhinitis].

Double-blind experiment (at random) comparative of the efficacy of ketotifen and Clemastina, for the treatment of periodic allergic Rhinitis. The study embraced 40 patients (21 men and 19 women) between 13 and 57 years old. The program was conducted on a fifty-fifty shares between both drugs. The clinic efficacy of ketotifen has been proved either as regards to clinic improvement or the less good results attained with the use of clemastine. The AA. guess on the prophylactic influence of ketotifen in asthmatic bronchial crisis among patients suffering allergic rhinitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of a new alpha-amylase assay using 4.6-ethylidene-(G7)-1-4-nitrophenyl-(G1)-alpha-D-maltoheptaoside as substrate.

The determination of alpha-amylase activity using an ethylidene-blocked 4-nitrophenyl-maltoheptaoside (EPS) has been evaluated in five laboratories on eight different analysers at 25 degrees C, 30 degrees C and 37 degrees C. The protecting ethylidene group inhibits hydrolysis at the non-reducing end of the substrate molecule by the auxiliary enzyme, alpha-glucosidase. The combined reagent is therefore stable for at least 10 days at 2-8 degrees C. HEPES is used, because the molar absorbance of 4-nitrophenol is independent of temperature in the presence of this buffer. Compared with the method using unprotected substrate 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-maltoheptaoside (4NP-G7), the present method is equal or better with respect to the imprecision, linearity and interlaboratory transferability of results in human and control sera. Since the protected and unprotected substrates differ in their turnover rate, the new assay yields activities which differ from those of the 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-maltoheptaoside method. Based on the homogeneous results obtained in method comparisons between EPS and 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-maltoheptaoside, and in order to maintain the 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-maltoheptaoside reference values, a conversion factor was derived to eliminate the above differences: activityEPS x 2.50 = activity4NP-G7. The temperature and instrument independence of this relationship was demonstrated in a total of 720 human sera and plasmas.

Glucosides↗