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Biomedical subjects

C K Williams

Publications and source records attributed to C K Williams.

49 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Aplastic anaemia associated with anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy.

3 cases of aplastic anaemia occurring in association with anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy are reported. The patients had been on anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy for 13, 11 and 14 months, respectively, prior to the diagnosis of aplastic anaemia. Agents used included streptomycin, thiacetazone, isoniazid, p-aminosalicylic acid and dimethylcarbazine. Recovery from aplasia did not occur 6. 1.5 and 0.8 months, respectively, after the discontinuation of the suspect myelotoxic agents and despite the use of myelostimulatory agents. All 3 patients died of haemorrhage secondary to thrombocytopenia. The observations are consistent with a protracted and probably irreversible damage of the bone marrow by anti-tuberculosis agent(s) in susceptible individuals.

Acridines↗
PubMed1982

Management of leukaemia-associated disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

Seven patients presenting with DIC in association with acute promyelocytic and myelomonocytic leukaemia were treated with intensive chemotherapy (IC), intensive platelet support (IPS) and continuous heparinization (CH), or IC + CH but minimal platelet support (MPS), or no chemotherapy, no heparin or MPS. All four patients who received IC + IPS + CH achieved remission (survival time: 516, 400+, 371 and 368 days). The remaining three patients died early (survival time: 11, 7 and 3 days). The results suggest that a combination of IC + IPS + CH is essential in the management of leukaemia-related DIC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Inhibitory effects of human leukocyte and fibroblast interferons on normal and chronic myelogenous leukemic granulocytic progenitor cells.

Inhibitory effects of two human interferon preparations, leukocyte interferon (Le-IF) and fibroblast interferon (F-IF), on granulocytic progenitor cells (CFU-C) from hematologically normal cancer patients and from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia were evaluated. There was a wide variation in sensitivity of CFU-C to both Le-IF and F-IF. F-IF was mor inhibitory against CFU-C than le-If. Normal CFU-C and chronic myelogenous leukemia CFU-C were equally inhibited by both interferons. Effects of both interferons were neutralized by corresponding specific antisera but not by the other antisera. These observations confirmed that differences in immunogenicity of the interferons may attend their different origins.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1980

The relevance of platelet and fibrinogen kinetics and coagulation studies to extent of disease and performance status in patients with adenocarcinoma.

In this study of 18 cancer patients, results of laboratory evaluation of a "hypercoagulable state" have been correlated with the extent of the disease and the functional activity of the patients. Most coagulation tests were normal. Higher levels of serum fibrinogen degradation products were associated with wider dissemination of disease. Fibrinogen survival time (t1/2) was shorter in patients with extensive disease than in those with less extensive disease (P < 0.05); platelet t1/2 was also shorter in the former group, though not significantly. Coexistence of severest physical disability and extensive disease was associated with the most marked reduction of platelet and fibrinogen t1/2. There was little correlation between platelet and fibrinogen t1/2, thus suggesting independent mechanisms of destruction of the two blood components. We suggest that future studies of hemostatic changes in cancer patients should include assessment of impairment of physical performance of the patients, as well as the extent of the tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

A sensitive assay of 5-fluorouracil in plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

1 A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method was developed for determining 5-fluorouracil in plasma, using methylated thymine as an internal standard. 2 5-fluorouracil was extracted from plasma by a novel procedure which removed plasma components interferring with the sensitivity of the assay. The method included heating the plasma, washing with ether and extracting the drug under optimum conditions. 3 The sensitivity of the assay was 10 ng/ml plasma, sufficient to determine the low concentrations of 5-fluorouracil found in plasma during continuous infusion of the drug in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identifying hazards in complex ecological systems. Part 3: Hierarchical Holographic Model for herbicide tolerant oilseed rape.

This paper is the third in a series designed to demonstrate the application of rigorous, systematic hazard identification techniques to ecological systems. Here we use Hierarchical Holographic Modelling to identify the potential ecological hazards associated with the commercial release of herbicide tolerant oilseed rape. Hierarchical Holographic Models decompose complex systems into a series of sub-systems and consider interactions between the components and processes of these sub-systems in order to identify hazards. In this example we considered 1356 potential interactions between the biological, chemical and physical components and processes of the herbicide tolerant oilseed rape environment, and identified 152 potential hazards, grouped into 14 categories. The hazards were subsequently scored for degree of concern and plausibility, and then compared with an equivalent list of hazards generated independently by a checklist approach. The incidence of herbicide tolerant volunteers (and weeds) both on and off the farm had the highest average score of all the ecological hazard categories. The checklist based approach identified or implied 44% of the hazards identified in the Hierarchical Holographic Model, including nine of the ten hazards ranked most important. The checklist approach focussed almost exclusively on the phenotypic and genotypic hazards associated with herbicide tolerant oilseed rape and largely ignored the hazards associated with the circumstances surrounding its use. As a result the checklist identified only 6 out of the 79 potential hazards associated with changes to farming practice. The commercial release of herbicide tolerant oilseed rape will be associated with changes in tillage and the application of post-emergent herbicides. It may also lead to changes in spray schedules of insecticide and fungicide. Many of the environmental hazards identified with these changes are plausible and may warrant further investigation or targeted monitoring.

Brassica napus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health status of northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) in eastern Kansas.

The health status of wild northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) from Lyon County, Kansas, was evaluated by conducting comprehensive health assessments on 25 birds. Gross lesions indicative of avian pox, ulcerative enteritis, and quail bronchitis were not present. Serologic tests for antibodies to Salmonella pullorum, Salmonella gallinarum, Pasteurella multocida, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, and avian adenoviruses were all negative. Intestinal coccidia (Eimeria spp.) were found in 36% of the birds. Only three species of helminth parasites were found: Dispharynx nasuta in two birds, Cyrnea colini in one bird, and larval Physaloptera sp. in four birds. Arthropod parasites (ticks, lice, mites, and/or chiggers) were present on 96% of the birds examined. Compared with wild bobwhite populations in the southeastern United States, the diversity, prevalence, and intensities of microbial and parasitic agents were low.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prospective studies on Hodgkin's disease in Ibadan--a preliminary report.

A preliminary report of a prospective study of Hodgkin's disease (HD) is provided, based on clinical and laboratory findings on 21 patients seen between July 1978 and December 1979 at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan. Staging procedure was minimized to relatively simple surgical procedures like lymphangiography and percutaneous biopsy. Staging laparotomy was performed only in one case. Female patients were significantly older than males (P less than 0.05). Patients with lymphadenopathy were significantly older than those without (P less than 0.05), while those with systemic symptoms were significantly younger than those without. Eighteen (86%) of the patients presented with stage IV disease while 12 (57%) had the unfavourable histologic "mixed cellularity' or "lymphocyte depleted' variants. Systemic symptoms were present in 16 (76%) of patients. Fifty-three % of adequately treated patients showed poor response to chemotherapy. The prognosis of HD in Ibadan is on the whole unfavourable. A delineation of the prognostic factors is indicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neoplastic diseases of the haemopoietic system in Ibadan: preliminary report of a prospective study.

The clinical and epidemiological features of haemopoietic malignancies in Ibadan have been evaluated in this preliminary analysis on findings on 113 patients seen at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, from July 1978 to June 1981. Twenty-seven patients had acute myelogenous (AML), twenty-two acute lymphoblastic (ALL), thirty-one chronic myelocytic (AML), thirty-one chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), two had polycythaemia rubra vera (PRV) and one myelofibrosis (MF). Incidence rates (IR) of 0.9 X 10(-5) and 1.9 X 10(-5) were estimated for acute leukemia (AL) and all leukemia subtypes respectively. Chloroma occurred frequently in association with AML especially in childhood, and CLL in elderly patients (greater than 50 years) and ALL appeared to manifest unusually aggressive features in spite of apparently adequate chemotherapy. Some of these clinical and epidemiological features suggest deviant biology of some haemopoietic malignancies in Ibadan.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Management of malignant lymphoproliferative disorders of the nervous system.

The frequency of involvement of the nervous system (NS) among 266 patients seen at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, with a diagnosis of malignant lymphoproliferative diseases (MLPD) was determined. Only one of these patients who had a solitary spinal-cord involvement by Hodgkin's disease (HD) was considered to have primary lymphoma of NS. In all other cases, NS was only secondarily involved by MLPD. This was most commonly observed in association with Burkitt's lymphoma and occurred in 49.3 and 67% of such patients who were previously untreated or previously treated, respectively. Nervous system (NS) involvement at presentation was much less commonly observed in non-Hodgkin's (NHL), HD and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) at the rate of 6.7, 4.4 and 0% respectively of previously untreated patients. The NS was the site of relapse in 63.6, 43, 12.5 and 0% in BL, ALL, NHL and HD, respectively. Intra-cranial NS disease was identified as a poor prognostic feature as this was associated with a reduction of the probability of prolonged survival from 48% to less than 20% among patients with intra-cranial and/or extra-cranial disease in BL. Management of MLPD with high rate of NS involvement should include effective delivery of chemotherapy into CFS, both by direct injection intrathecally and through filtration across the blood-brain barrier following high-dose intravenous injection of agents like methotrexate or cytosine arabinoside.

Burkitt Lymphoma↗