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Biomedical subjects

C K Kim

Publications and source records attributed to C K Kim.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Metastatic calcification of multiple visceral organs in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

A patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who developed acute hypercalcemia following chemotherapy was evaluated for skeletal metastases with a whole-body bone scan. Although metastatic disease is an unlikely cause of hypercalcemia, considering the acutely rising serum calcium, the bone scan is useful in excluding multiple metastases as a cause. In addition, the study demonstrated metastatic calcification in multiple organs, including the pancreas which is uncommon, and the liver and spleen, which is rare.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1995

Metabolic response and muscle glycogen depletion pattern during prolonged electrically induced dynamic exercise in man.

Muscle glycogen depletion pattern and metabolic responses during voluntary (VOL) and functional electrical stimulated (FES) dynamic knee-extensor exercise with one leg were evaluated. Seven healthy men exercised for 60 minutes at 30 W with an pulmonary oxygen uptake of 0.8 and 1.01 min-1, and respiratory exchange ratios of 0.90 and 0.95 in VOL and FES, respectively. Heart rate reached a level around 90 beats min-1 (VOL) and up to 110 beats min-1 (FES). Muscle glycogen decreased in FES with 260 and 290 mmol kg-1 d.w. in vastus lateralis and m. rectus femoris, respectively, compared with 45 and 160 mmol kg-1 d.w. in VOL (p < 0.05). In FES the percentage of empty and almost empty fibres determined by periodic acid-Schiff staining in vastus lateralis and rectus femoris was 50 and 77% of type I, 63 and 90% of type IIa, and 59 and 84% of type IIb fibres, respectively, whereas in VOL it was 24 and 26% of type I, 7 and 19% of type IIa, and 2 and 3% of type IIb fibres. Muscle lactate reached 30 mmol kg-1 d.w. in FES and was 9 mmol kg-1 d.w. lower in VOL. The changes in blood lactate and NH3 during the exercise were slightly higher in FES than in VOL, whereas the alterations in glucose, FFA, and K+ were small in both exercise modes. The pressure in the two muscle portions at different locations (proximal-distal) and depths was always higher (approximately 50%) in FES than in VOL, reaching levels around 55 mmHg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Annexin-I inhibits phospholipase A2 by specific interaction, not by substrate depletion.

Annexin-I is a calcium dependent phospholipid binding and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitory protein. A 'substrate depletion' model has been proposed for the mechanism of PLA2 inhibition by annexin-I in studies with 14 to 18 kDa PLA2s. Herein, we have studied the inhibition mechanism using 100 kDa cytosolic PLA2 from porcine spleen. The inhibition has been measured at various substrate and calcium ion concentrations. The pattern of PLA2 inhibition by annexin-I was consistent with a 'specific interaction' mechanism rather than the 'substrate depletion' model. Apparent contraction with previous studies can be explained by the calcium-dependent binding of annexin-I to the substrate.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Liposome immunoassay (LIA) for gentamicin using phospholipase C.

A simple and sensitive liposome immunoassay for gentamicin was developed using the cytolytic agent, phospholipase C, instead of complement. Liposomes entrapping a fluorescent marker, calcein, were prepared by the reverse-phase evaporation method from a mixture of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and cholesterol (molar ratio of 3:1). Gentamicin, a model analyte, was covalently coupled to phospholipase C by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino-propyl)-carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide. Liposomes were lysed by gentamicin-phospholipase C conjugate and an entrapped fluorescent marker was released. The lytic activity of gentamicin-phospholipase C conjugate was inhibited in the presence of gentamicin antiserum. The standard calibration curve was constructed by plotting percentage of liposome lysis versus log concentration of free gentamicin. The standard calibration curve was linear over 2.5 pg/ml approximately 2.5 ng/ml of gentamicin concentrations. This newly developed immunoassay is simple, relatively rapid and potentially applicable to the determination of concentration of antigens, drugs and endogenous substances.

Binding, Competitive↗
PubMed1994

The pharmacokinetics of methotrexate after intravenous administration of methotrexate-loaded proliposomes to rats.

The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of methotrexate (MTX) were investigated after intravenous (i.v.) injection of free MTX (treatment I), MTX-loaded proliposomes (treatment II), and empty proliposomes mixed manually with free MTX (treatment III), 8 mg kg-1, to rats using an HPLC assay. After i.v. infusion in 1 min, the plasma concentration of MTX (Cp), the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC, 639 versus 913 micrograms min mL-1), the terminal half-life (t1/2, 48.8 versus 397 min), the mean residence time (MRT, 8.40 versus 325 min), and the apparent volume of distribution at steady state (Vss, 98.1 versus 2800 mL kg-1) were significantly higher; however, the total body clearance (CL, 12.5 versus 8.76 mL min-1 kg-1), renal clearance (CLR, 4.49 versus 2.78 mL min-1 kg-1), non-renal clearance (CLNR, 7.50 versus 5.99 mL min-1 kg-1), and the amount of MTX excreted in urine (Xu, 808 versus 685 micrograms, p < 0.0948) were significantly lower from treatment II than from treatment I. This could be due to the fact that some of the MTX-loaded liposomes (formed immediately after hydration of MTX-loaded proliposomes) are entrapped in tissues and the rest are present in the plasma (higher MRT and Vss from treatment II), and MTX is slowly released from MTX-loaded liposomes (higher t1/2 from treatment II). In the present HPLC assay, the concentrations of MTX represent the sum of free MTX and MTX loaded in liposomes (higher Cp and AUC, slower CL from treatment II). After i.v. infusion in 1 min, some pharmacokinetic parameters, such as t1/2, MRT, and Vss, were significantly different between treatments I and III; however, the differences seemed to be smaller than those between treatments I and II. After 30 min from i.v. infusion, the tissue to plasma (T/P) ratios of MTX in kidney and stomach from treatment II were significantly lower than those from treatment I. This suggested that the i.v. administration of MTX-loaded proliposomes might have fewer side effects in the organs than that of free MTX. The mean amount of MTX loaded in MTX-loaded proliposomes was 2.54 mg/g proliposomes and the MTX was released slowly from hydrated MTX-loaded proliposomes when incubated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), rat plasma, or rat liver homogenate.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effect of an ascending dose regimen on the development of tolerance to the anticonvulsant effect of diazepam.

The effect of an ascending dose regimen on the development of tolerance to diazepam's anticonvulsant effect was assessed. During the 22 trials of the tolerance development phase, amygdala-kindled rats received either a series of dosage injections ranging from high (10 mg/kg), to low (1.0 mg/kg), and ascending (1.0 mg/kg and increased by 0.2-mg/kg increments to 3.0 mg/kg) or saline injections. Diazepam was administered by ip injection once every 48 hr, and each injection was followed 1 hr later by a convulsive stimulation. The ascending dose rats displayed significantly more tolerance to the anticonvulsant effect of diazepam than did the high dose, low dose, or saline rats. By contrast, both the ascending and high dose rats displayed a significant withdrawal effect (i.e., increased duration of convulsions) after the cessation of diazepam injections. Results demonstrate that administration of ascending dosages can facilitate the development of tolerance to anticonvulsant drug effects and that tolerance and withdrawal are not necessarily inextricably related.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1994

Nephrotic syndrome as an unusual paraneoplastic syndrome of Hodgkin's disease demonstrated on gallium-67 scan.

Nephrotic syndrome, although rare, is recognized as one of the paraneoplastic syndromes. A patient with documented Hodgkin's disease showed increased uptake of Ga-67 in the cortex of both kidneys in addition to multiple sites of lymphomatous involvement. The patient was not receiving chemotherapy or any nephrotoxic drugs, and no other reasons that may account for renal uptake of gallium could be identified. The final clinical diagnosis was nephrotic syndrome as an unusual paraneoplastic syndrome of Hodgkin's disease. Gallium imaging was able to detect multiple sites of lymphoma and the renal uptake due to the associated nephrotic syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Prenatal ethanol exposure: susceptibility to convulsions and ethanol's anticonvulsant effect in amygdala-kindled rats.

The present experiments assessed the effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on the susceptibility to convulsions and on the anticonvulsant effect of ethanol using the electrical kindling model of epilepsy in rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats from prenatal ethanol (E), pair-fed (PF), and ad libitum-fed control (C) treatment groups were tested following the implantation of a stimulation electrode in the left amygdala complex. The same rats were tested in four consecutive experiments. Both E and PF rats showed a slightly slower rate of kindling than C rats, as measured by convulsion class but not as measured by forelimb clonus duration (experiment 1). However, the groups did not differ significantly in the electrical stimulation threshold for kindled convulsions (experiment 2). Furthermore, prenatal ethanol exposure had no significant effect on the dose-response curve for ethanol's (0, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3, and 1.5 g/kg, ip) anticonvulsant effect (experiment 3), or on the rate of tolerance development to ethanol's (1.5 g/kg, ip) anticonvulsant effect (experiment 4) on kindled convulsions. Thus, prenatal exposure to ethanol does not appear to have long-term effects on the susceptibility to convulsions or on the anticonvulsant effect of ethanol in adult male rats in the kindling model as used in the present experiments.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1994

Reaction force and EMG analyses of wheelchair transfers.

To examine how reaction forces and muscle activity change when transferring from a wheelchair to three different heights, six male able-bodied college students were tested. Analysis indicated that transferring to a lower seat position generated a greater vertical reaction force and required more muscle effort from triceps and posterior deltoid muscles. Transferring to a higher seat position resulted in a shift of the friction force from the anterior-posterior to the medial-lateral direction, and more biceps muscle effort was needed to perform the up-rightward movement. Transferring to a seat at the same height required less muscle effort from the upper extremities.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The efficacy of iodine-123-MIBG as a screening test for pheochromocytoma.

UNLABELLED: The primary objective of this study was to characterize the effectiveness of 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) as a screening test for pheochromocytoma in routine clinical practice. An attempt was made to determine why some tumors and some adrenal glands without pheochromocytoma minimally manifest increased uptake. METHODS: Planar images were obtained with a standardized protocol in a diverse group of patients. The intensity of uptake in each adrenal gland was graded on a 0-3-point scale by using the intensity of activity in the liver as a reference. Follow-up data were obtained from both the patients and the referring physicians. A final diagnosis was eventually established in 120 patients who had a total of 238 adrenal glands. RESULTS: There was an intramedullary pheochromocytoma in 24 of the 238 adrenal glands (10.1%). The uptake was very intense (Grade 3) in 21 of them (87.5%). The uptake was only mildly to moderately increased in the other three intra-adrenal tumors. There was no visible uptake in 148 of the 214 (69.2%) adrenals without a pheochromocytoma, but there was mildly to moderately increased activity in 66 (30.8%). There were no other features of the clinical data base which could differentiate between mildly increased uptake in a pheochromocytoma and mildly increased activity in a gland without a tumor, including the 24-hr urinary excretion of catecholamines. CONCLUSIONS: Since every intra- and extra-adrenal tumor was visualized, the findings suggest that 123I-MIBG may be the most sensitive screening test available for diagnosing pheochromocytoma. The test results should be definitive in most patients.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1994

Standardized uptake values of FDG: body surface area correction is preferable to body weight correction.

UNLABELLED: Standardized uptake values (SUVs) are widely used to measure 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in various tumors. It has been reported that normalization of FDG uptake for patient body weight (SUVbw) overestimates FDG uptake in heavy patients, as their fraction of body fat (with low FDG uptake) is often increased. The objective of this study was to determine if "normalization of FDG uptake for the body surface area" (SUVbsa) is independent of the patient's body size and is more reliable than SUVbw. METHODS: FDG-PET images were acquired on 44 patients (body weight range: 45-115 kg) with cancer. SUVbw [(mCi/g of tissue)/(mCi injected/patient body weight in g)] and SUVbsa [(mCi/g of tissue)/(mCi injected/patient BSA in m2)] were determined for the liver. Since most observers are accustomed to using the SUVbw, the two values were compared by setting the mean SUVbsa equal to that of SUVbw. RESULTS: SUVbw and SUVbsa were 3.42 +/- 0.85 (mean +/- s.d.) and 3.42 +/- 0.60, respectively. The standard deviation of the SUVbsa was smaller than that of SUVbw. More importantly, there was a strong positive correlation between SUVbw and, not only body weight (r = 0.75) but also BSA (r = 0.68), whereas only a weak correlation between SUVbsa and body weight (r = 0.41) or BSA (r = 0.38) was found with a near flat regression line. CONCLUSION: SUVbw overestimates FDG uptake in large patients. SUVbsa appears preferable to SUVbw, since it is minimally affected by the body size.

Body Surface Area↗
PubMed1993

Liposome immunoassay (LIA) with antigen-coupled liposomes containing alkaline phosphatase.

Immunoliposomes were prepared and their immunoassay applications investigated. Liposomes were prepared from cholesterol and phospholipids including maleimidobenzoylphosphatidylethanolamine (MBPE) for conjunction with thiol-containing antigens. Alkaline phosphatase (APase) was entrapped in the liposome and BSA, the antigen, was modified by reaction with 3-(2-pyridyl-dithio)propionyl N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (SPDP) to introduce thiol groups for efficient coupling. BSA-coupled liposomes (immunoliposomes) were incubated with anti-BSA serum, complement, and then with APase substrate. The amount of coupled BSA was affected by the reaction time, the composition of the liposome and the BSA concentration in the reactant. The amount of enzyme released from immunoliposomes as a final result of the immunoreaction increased with increasing concentrations of complement and antibody. The liposome immunoassay offers a relatively rapid and simple testing procedure to quantitatively or qualitatively determine the presence or absence of antibodies, or antigenic materials for diagnostic purposes.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1993

The role of nuclear medicine in the evaluation of the male genital tract.

Scintigraphic techniques for evaluation of impotence are still evolving. Blood pool studies are most useful in assessing the integrity of arterial inflow, but may also be used to generate indices of venous leak. A non-imaging version of this test may represent a simple and cost-effective alternative. Washout of intracavernosal xenon during erection seems the most useful method of testing venous integrity. Washout using Tc-RBC may emerge as a convenient alternative to the more technically difficult xenon examinations. Development of more effective pharmacologic stimuli may further improve the utility of this quantitative and physiologic examination.

Erectile Dysfunction↗
PubMed1993

Lymphoscintigraphy. A reliable test for the diagnosis of lymphedema.

The efficacy of lymphoscintigraphy in the diagnosis of lymphedema was evaluated in 17 patients (total of 20 extremities). Final diagnoses were: three extremities with primary lymphedema, eight with secondary lymphedema, and nine with edema due to other causes. Qualitative interpretation of image patterns was reliable in differentiating lymphedema from edema of other origins (sensitivity 73%, specificity 100%). There were eight true-positive, nine true-negative, no false-positive, and three false-negative extremities. The three false-negative results occurred in extremities that were not imaged within the first hour. Lymphoscintigraphy is a reliable, objective, and noninvasive means of supporting the diagnosis of lymphedema, and lends itself more readily to repeated studies for follow-up than other available tests.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Schizophrenic delusions among Koreans, Korean-Chinese and Chinese: a transcultural study.

In this transcultural study of schizophrenic delusions among Koreans, Korean-Chinese and Chinese, many delusions were shown to be different among the three groups in their frequency and content and the differences could be explained by sociocultural and political factors. Delusional themes sensitive to influence by sociocultural or political situations and changes seem to be 'family', 'love affairs', 'religious matters', 'economic matters', 'specific physical damage' and 'political themes.' Delusions about 'family', 'love affair', 'being raped', 'religious matters' and 'economic and business matters' were most frequent in Koreans. Delusions of 'blood-relatedness', 'longevity' and 'political themes' were most frequent in Korean-Chinese. Delusions of 'bloodsucking and brain or viscera extracted' and 'poison or being pricked by poisoned needle' were most prominent in Chinese.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Detailed analysis of patients with matched ventilation-perfusion defects and chest radiographic opacities.

We performed a retrospective evaluation of the data obtained from the Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (PIOPED) study to determine the prevalence and distribution of pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with matching ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) defects and chest radiographic opacities (triple matches). From the 1,487 patients in whom diagnostic V/Q scans were obtained, 247 (17%) patients were recorded as having matching V/Q defects and chest radiograph opacities in at least one lung zone. Diagnostic angiograms were available for 275 lung zones (233 patients) which demonstrated matching V/Q defects and chest radiograph opacities. The overall prevalence of PE in all lung zones with triple matches was 26%. The prevalences of PE in the upper, middle and lower lung zones were 11%, 12% and 33%, respectively. Pulmonary embolism was significantly more common in lower lung zone triple matches compared with the upper and middle lung zone triple matches (p < 0.005). There was no correlation between the size of the V/Q and chest radiographic abnormalities and the prevalence of PE. We conclude that in patients with matching V/Q defects and chest radiographic opacities isolated to the upper and middle zones the V/Q scan can be interpreted as representing a low probability of PE. Similar findings in the lower lung zones represent an intermediate probability of PE. The application of this modification to V/Q scan interpretation criteria will aid in reducing the number of intermediate V/Q lung scan interpretations.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Cholescintigraphy in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis: morphine augmentation is superior to delayed imaging.

Morphine-augmented radionuclide hepatobiliary imaging has been used as an alternative to delayed imaging for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. Previous studies have indicated that the morphine-augmentation is as useful as, or more useful than, delayed imaging. A careful comparison of the efficacy of the two techniques appears warranted because: (1) most early studies did not compare the efficacy of the two techniques in a single report using comparable patient populations; (2) the reported efficacy of morphine-augmentation is based primarily on study designs which excluded cases of early gallbladder visualization without morphine, while most delayed imaging protocols included these cases; and (3) there were concerns about the potential consequences of a false-negative morphine examination. This study compared the efficacy of morphine-augmentation with delayed imaging in those cases in which the gallbladder was not visualized during the first hour of study. Of 306 consecutive patients who were scanned to rule out acute cholecystitis, the gallbladder was visualized within 1 hr in 215 cases. In the remaining 91 cases, 46 patients had delayed imaging (17 true-positive, 10 true-negative, 19 false-positive and 0 false-negative), and 45 had morphine-augmentation (24 true-positive, 15 true-negative, 4 false-positive and 2 false-negative). The data indicate that delayed imaging has a significantly lower specificity and positive-predictive value for acute cholecystitis than morphine-augmentation and a slightly higher (statistically insignificant) sensitivity and negative-predictive value. These results appear to be supported by a reanalysis of the data that has already been reported in the literature.

Acute Disease↗