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Biomedical subjects

C K Job

Publications and source records attributed to C K Job.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Comparability among histopathologists in the diagnosis and classification of lesions suspected of leprosy in Malawi.

Identical slides from 200 biopsies obtained from individuals suspected of having leprosy during the course of an epidemiological survey in Northern Malawi were examined sequentially and independently by three histopathologists, using a standard protocol to report their findings. Their results are compared among themselves and with a standardized clinical assessment of each subject. There was more agreement among the histopathologists as to classification of leprosy cases than there was on the diagnosis of leprosy. The proportion of biopsies considered to show definite evidence of leprosy varied from 39% to 58% among the histopathologists. An appreciable additional proportion of biopsies (11.5% to 38.5% for the three histopathologists) was considered to show evidence suggestive but not pathognomonic of leprosy. Although there was, in general, good agreement on classification, the proportion of biopsies considered to show evidence of indeterminate leprosy varied from 1.5% to 21.5% among the three histopathologists. This suggests that some of the reported differences in the prevalence and proportion of indeterminate leprosy in different populations is due to terminology alone. A follow-up meeting of the study participants revealed that many of the differences in diagnosis certainty were due to difficulties in interpreting evidence of nerve involvement. It is recommended that greater attention be paid to the difficulties of diagnosing leprosy on histopathological as well as clinical grounds. A revised standard protocol for reporting histopathological evidence of leprosy is presented.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1985

Transmission of leprosy in nude mice.

Nude mice in groups of 10 were exposed to M. leprae by subcutaneous injection and topically through the nose, lungs, mouth, stomach and skin, broken and unbroken. Animals injected subcutaneously and those topically exposed to M. leprae through the nose developed localized disease which in the course of time became generalized. The nose seems to be the site of entry of M. leprae in this model. To the extent that these results can be generalized to humans exposed to M. leprae, it would seem that leprosy bacilli impact topically on the nasal mucosa or are inoculated subcutaneously.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Manifestations of experimental leprosy in the armadillo.

Three experiments, using different routes and doses of infection, were conducted using 42 armadillos. Thirty-six of them developed generalized disease. There is no significant sex or age difference in susceptibility. Route and dose of infection make very little difference in the disease prevalence except that the intravenous administration of a large dose reduces the period of development of generalized disease. It is quite possible that in armadillos the resistance to the disease is partly genetic. Although a majority of the armadillos developed lepromatous disease, borderline leproma is fairly common. In skin nodules large colonies of extracellular bacilli are demonstrated. Bacilli are also demonstrated in liver parenchymal cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A single skin lesion--an unusual presentation of lepromatous leprosy.

Lepromatous leprosy presenting as a solitary lesion with a high bacterial count is a rare occurrence. Such a case has been followed at the National Hansen's Disease Center, Carville, Louisiana, U.S.A., since 1977. The lesion was located on the left elbow and had been present for about nine months. The bacterial index in the lesion was 5+ and the morphological index was 0%, but slit-skin smears elsewhere were negative. The histopathology of the lesion was that of subpolar lepromatous leprosy, and the lepromin skin test was negative. Growth of the organism in the mouse foot pad was characteristic of Mycobacterium leprae, and the patient's response to dapsone monotherapy has been excellent. Therefore, this patient with a single skin lesion has lepromatous leprosy histologically, immunologically, and bacteriologically. This case illustrates the importance of slit-skin scrapings and biopsy in new cases with unusual lesions and, secondly, suggests that there are factors yet undetermined which play a significant role in determining host response to M. leprae.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1984

Enzootic schistosomiasis in a Louisiana armadillo.

Trematode eggs compatible in characteristics with those of Heterobilharzia americana, a probable cause of human schistosomal dermatitis in the Gulf States of the U.S., were found in the cirrhotic liver and other viscera of a wild-caught armadillo in Louisiana. Although adult worms were not found, the current observation suggests a need to extend the known host range of this common schistosome parasite of carnivores and other wild animals in the South, and may have additional implications in the context of the public health importance of the armadillo.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Attempts to breed the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) in captivity--a preliminary report.

Three pairs of nine-banded armadillos were successfully kept in wire-fenced pens in natural surroundings with light, temperature, and weather as in the farms of Louisiana, a natural habitat of armadillos. One female delivered quadruplets after being in the experimental pen for 10 months and 11 days. It is possible that in this experiment breeding of nine-banded armadillos in captivity has been achieved under controlled conditions for the first time.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Early leprosy with perineural proliferation.

A 62-year-old woman, who lived in an area of the United States nonendemic for leprosy, was seen for an enlarging anesthetic lesion that involved the entire left breast. Microscopic examination of skin biopsy specimens taken from the edge of the lesion disclosed chronic perineural inflammation and neural proliferation, with an acid-fast bacillus demonstrable in one nerve. Granulomas, giant cells, epithelioid cells, nerve abscesses, or other characteristics of tuberculoid leprosy were not seen. This woman had a skin lesion of leprosy in an atypical site. It appeared to be indeterminate on pathologic examination and was accompanied by an unusual degree of neural proliferation.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1983

Invasion of liver parenchymal cells by Mycobacterium leprae in an experimentally infected nude mouse. An electron microscopic study.

Liver tissue from a nude mouse infected with Mycobacterium leprae for 18 months was examined using light and electron microscopes. Numerous microgranulomas composed of macrophages were present throughout the liver. M. leprae in large numbers were present in Kupffer cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, and liver parenchymal cells. The study shows that the lower temperature of about 31 degrees C optimal for the growth of M. leprae is relative rather than absolute, and that M. leprae can invade even liver cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Variable lepromin response to Mycobacterium leprae in resistant armadillos.

Eight armadillos resistant to the infection of Mycobacterium leprae were lepromin tested. The tissue response was tuberculoid in 5, borderline in 2, and lepromatous in 1, thus showing a wide variation. It is seen that although cell-mediated immunity as evidenced by a tuberculoid granulomatous response to killed M. leprae is associated with resistance to the disease, there may be other yet unknown factors which protect armadillos from the infection. Lepromin responses were recognized histologically even at a low dose of 10(3) organisms, and the response increased with the dose up to 10(7) organisms. The tissue reaction to live organisms was the same as that to killed ones, and autoclaving of M. leprae produced no change in the tissue response to the antigens of M. leprae.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Tissue response to lepromin, an index of susceptibility of the armadillo to M. leprae infection--a preliminary report.

In this preliminary report the histopathological appearance of the lepromin reaction in armadillos was correlated with their response to infection with M. leprae. Three different types of lepromin response were described, namely the lepromatous, the borderline, and the tuberculoid lepromin reactions. It was found that 10 out of the 11 animals with a lepromatous lepromin reaction and the one animal with a borderline lepromin reaction developed disseminated disease. The two with a tuberculoid lepromin reaction and one of the 11 with a lepromatous lepromin reaction failed to develop leprosy. It is suggested that by using the lepromin response it is possible to assess, to a great extent, the susceptibility of armadillos to infection by M. laprae. The pros and cons of using the armadillo as an animal model for a vaccine trial are briefly discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Borderline leprosy in an experimentally infected armadillo.

Out of six armadillos infected intravenously with 4.66 x 10(8) M. leprae, one developed a delayed hypersensitivity tissue response with the formation of an epithelioid cell granuloma. It is suggested that, although 80% of armadillos are susceptible to infection with M. leprae, some among these susceptible ones will exhibit varying degrees of delayed hypersensitivity reactions. These animals may go through a borderline phase before ultimately undergoing lepromatous degeneration.

Animals↗