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Biomedical subjects

C Jones

Publications and source records attributed to C Jones.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of the FtsZ protein (SfiB) in UV-induced division inhibition and in the normal Escherichia coli cell division cycle.

This paper describes some of the major characteristics of the SOS-dependent division arrest which occurs in Escherichia coli during repair of DNA damage following UV irradiation. We shall review the evidence that the inducible division inhibitor, SfiA, interacts directly with an essential division protein, FtsZ. On the basis of its pivotal role in division inhibition during the UV stress response and other properties of ftsZ, we propose that this is a key gene involved in the actual regulation of the division cycle in E. coli. We also propose that at least some components of the division machinery interact to form a specific complex which we designate as a "septalsome". We shall discuss the possibility that a critical concentration of FtsZ is required to trigger the formation of an active septalsome prior to division. Alternatively, FtsZ might act to inhibit the formation of an active septalsome until a critical point in the cell cycle is reached.

Bacterial Proteins↗
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Parenteral glutamine supply in intensive care patients.

Glutamine, an abundant amino acid, has many metabolic roles that protect tissue integrity and enhance the immune system. Low plasma and tissue levels of glutamine in the critically-ill suggest that demand may exceed endogenous supply and with the profound muscle wasting that occurs this supply of glutamine may become critical to survival. The very sickest patients who are unable to tolerate enteral feeding are solely dependent on conventional parenteral nutrition which does not contain glutamine. This short review, drawing upon a recent double blind randomised clinical six month outcome study, provides the rationale to suggest that parenteral glutamine supply in these very sick patients may improve recovery and reduce late mortality.

Critical Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ocular findings in HIV-1 positive and HIV-1 negative participants in a rural population-based cohort in Uganda.

PURPOSE: To report the ocular findings in HIV-1 seropositive individuals and HIV-negative controls in a population-based cohort in rural Uganda. METHODS: Participants were examined by an ophthalmologist, who was unaware of their HIV-status. RESULTS: 238 participants were examined, 43 were HIV-1 prevalent cases (infected prior to 1990); 62 were HIV-1 incident cases and 133 were HIV-negative controls. Eleven of the HIV-positive participants had AIDS, and a further 8 had a CD4 count of less than 200 cells/mm3. Bilateral low vision was recorded in 9 participants and cataracts were the main cause of bilateral low vision. The mean intra-ocular pressure (IOP) was 12.6 mm Hg, and no association was found between IOP and CD4 lymphocyte count. Although significantly more HIV positives had some sign of intraocular inflammation compared to the negatives (p = 0.02) there was no significant linear trend in the HIV positives with decreasing CD4 count. Overall, 11 (26%) prevalent, 6 (10%) incident cases and 8 (6%) HIV-negatives controls had some evidence of intraocular inflammation, however, only one person had reduced visual acuity attributable to these lesions. Punctate epithelial erosions and keratic precipitates in the anterior chamber were seen significantly more frequently in HIV-positives compared to the HIV-negative controls. Cotton wool spots were not seen. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of HIV-infected persons had ocular findings which may have been attributable to their infection, however in only one case did this result in reduced visual acuity. Although the ocular complications of AIDS seem to comprise a large extra element in the work load of tertiary care hospitals dealing with eye problems, on a population basis such cases are infrequent.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gene mapping in chicken-Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids. Serum albumin and phosphoglucomutase-2 structural genes on chicken chromosome 6.

Chicken phosphoglucomutase (PGM-2), serum albumin, vitamin D binding protein (Gc) and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (PPAT) structural genes have been mapped to chicken chromosome 6 using chicken-Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids containing this chromosome as the only chicken genetic material. Chicken PGM-2 activity was detected in the hybrids using cellogel electrophoresis and a substrate, ribose-1-phosphate (R-1-P), that allows the detection of PGM-1 activity in mice and PGM-2 activity in humans. Chicken albumin sequences were detected in the hybrids with the use of a labelled chicken serum albumin cloned cDNA. Classical studies have shown linkage of the serum albumin and Gc genes, and the Gc gene also can be localized to chicken chromosome 6. The PPAT gene was localized to this chromosome in previous studies using these hybrids. A homologous linkage group has been identified in mammals and, therefore, a chromosomal linkage group containing at least four genes--Gc, serum albumin, PPAT, and PGM-2--has been conserved over a period of 300 million years, throughout both avian and mammalian evolution.

Amidophosphoribosyltransferase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Flexible monitoring in the management of patient care processes: one year after the pilot study.

A pilot study at a large metropolitan hospital in Auckland identified a specific group of patients that can be safely monitored outside the Coronary Care Unit using Flexible Monitoring technology. This article describes the project management processes used to further develop the remote monitoring system into a hospital network of remote monitoring. The educational and staff support resources required throughout the project are described as are the strategies adopted to meet those needs including the utilization of online learning. Outcomes from the introduction of the system include improved electrokardiogram interpretation by nursing staff and improved ECG resource allocation.

Aged↗
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The preschool medical: an evaluation of this examination and its role in child health surveillance.

Records of 244 preschool medicals were studied retrospectively. The value of the examination to the children, their parents and teachers, and the use of clinical medical officer time was considered. Fifty-seven per cent had previously undetected problems deemed to require follow-up. This number was subsequently corrected to 50% in the light of current practice. Fourteen per cent warranted referral to other professionals and 4.5% received treatment. The high number of vision defects noted suggests further study. Fifteen per cent of the parents wished to discuss concerns about their children with the clinical medical officer. Clinical medical officer practice varied, but showed the incidence of follow-up to be inversely proportional to the referral rate. The number of previously undetected problems recorded in the survey supports medical examination of all children at this age. However, review of criteria and further study is indicated to make the best use of resources.

Child Health Services↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The school entry medical examination. What do teachers think of it?

Questionnaires were sent to 76 schools in the Macclesfield district. Seventy-four of these were returned by head teachers and/or reception teachers. Replies concerned the school entry medical examination, information on individual children, general health information and access to professionals. Additional comments on any aspects of the service were also solicited. The results have been analysed. The majority of teachers considered that the school entry medical examination is of value, but the quality of information reaching teachers is viewed more critically. Meetings were the most favoured means of communication, but there are obvious defects in the system. Some teachers did not even know of access channels. If improvements do not occur some of the value of the examination will be lost. Suggestions for better communications are made. With local management of schools, teacher opinion must be considered if a better school health service is to be provided for the children of the district.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A preventive dentistry training program for caretakers of persons with disabilities residing in community residential facilities.

People with disabilities develop more dental disease than the average population and have a harder time accessing and using resources for dental treatment. It is therefore critical to prevent dental problems in this population. This article discusses the development and use of a preventive dentistry training program consisting of a videotape, workbook, instructions for trainers, and pre- and post-tests. The training program was designed to facilitate integration of dental and behavioral information into daily routines. Participants were able to demonstrate that they could learn the information in the training materials using the methodology that was employed. Further work remains to be done to revise and disseminate the materials and to demonstrate that the knowledge that the participants gained can be effectively applied in community care settings.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Resting energy expenditure in patients with end-stage liver disease and in normal population.

Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured in 10 patients with end-stage liver disease (ELD) and in 31 normal controls. Basal energy expenditure (BEE) was also predicted by the Harris-Benedict equation. In order to correlate REE to lean body mass, the 24-hr urinary creatinine was measured in patients with ELD and in normal controls and expressed as kcal/g urinary creatinine. Linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant (p less than 0.0001) correlation (r = 0.72) between the REE and the 24-hr urinary creatinine in normal controls, irrespective of age and sex. Mean BEE (1580 +/- 160 vs 1575 +/- 210) and REE (1755 +/- 215 vs 1800 +/- 330) were not significantly different between patients with ELD and controls. However, the mean REE was 1900 +/- 610 kcal/g creatinine in patients with ELD and 1180 +/- 260 (p less than 0.0001) in controls. When related to lean tissue, patients with ELD had increased energy expenditure, confirming the hypermetabolic state suggested on clinical grounds. The use of urine creatinine to estimate energy expenditure may be a simple clinical technique to predict dietary energy needs in malnourished, unstressed patients. When this estimated energy expenditure/g creatinine (EEE) is compared to measured energy expenditure/g creatinine in malnourished, stressed patients, the EEE provides an index of the extent of hypermetabolism.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The documentation of wounds in an acute hospital setting.

This article presents the findings of research into the documentation of wounds healing by secondary intention, in an acute hospital setting. The benefits of recording the nursing assessment of a patient's wound, together with the legal and professional implications of poor documentation, are outlined. The points that specialists writing on the subject identify as necessary when describing a wound within the nursing records are highlighted. A survey is described in which descriptions of wounds healing by secondary intention were collected from the nursing records on six acute wards in a hospital, and then measured against an assessment tool. For each criterion selected for investigation, the number of occurrences was recorded, thus providing a quantitative description of the documentation of wounds. The findings indicated deficits in many of the areas selected. While statements such as 'healing well' were commonly used, descriptions which would provide information about the state, progress or management of the wound were generally omitted.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Research on sexual orientation: definitions and methods.

An extensive survey of the research literature on sexual orientation was undertaken for the purpose of determining how sexual orientation had been conceptually and operationally defined and how research subjects had been identified and selected. Two hundred-twenty-eight articles from 47 different journals were analyzed. Sexual orientation, it was found, was conceptually defined in 28 studies and operationally defined in 168. In 196 studies respondents were identified on the basis of the settings in which they were found. Because of the great variation in both conceptual and operational definitions, it was almost impossible to determine with certainty the theoretical frameworks used in the studies. The wide divergency in the definitions of sexual orientation, the investigators conclude, is symptomatic of an underlying conceptual confusion.

Arousal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The poverty trap.

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Education, Nursing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sexual activity after myocardial infarction.

The resumption of sexual activity after myocardial infarction can be an area of concern for patients, and one that may be difficult for nurses to address. Patients often fear that resuming sex will be dangerous to their perceived fragile health status, while nursing staff can be reluctant to broach a subject which may cause embarrassment to both parties. The author discusses the aims of the patient education process, and includes practical advice that can be given. He stresses the need to consider the circumstances of the individual patient, thereby avoiding vague and generalised advice that may be of little value.

Female↗