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Biomedical subjects

C Jones

Publications and source records attributed to C Jones.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Assignment of the gene coding for the T3-delta subunit of the T3-T-cell receptor complex to the long arm of human chromosome 11 and to mouse chromosome 9.

The gene encoding the 20-kDa glycoprotein of the T3-T-cell receptor complex (T3-delta chain) has been mapped to human chromosome 11 by hybridization of a T3-delta cDNA clone (pPGBC#9) to DNA from a panel of human-rodent somatic cell hybrids. In Southern blotting experiments with DNAs of somatic cell hybrids that contained segments of chromosome 11, we were able to assign the T3-delta gene to the distal portion of the long arm of human chromosome 11 (11q23-11qter). By use of a newly developed cDNA clone (pPEM-T3 delta) that codes for the murine T3-delta chain, the mouse T3-delta gene was mapped on chromosome 9. The importance of the T3-delta map position and its relationship to the other genes on the long arm of human chromosome 11 and to those on mouse chromosome 9 is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Paraplegia due to aspergillosis. Successful conservative treatment of two cases.

Aspergillus infection of the spine is rare; for it to lead to paraplegia is still more rare. When this does occur it is usually treated by decompression and antifungal agents, but the results have usually been poor. We report two cases of successful conservative treatment of Aspergillus paraplegia in patients with chronic granulomatous disease.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1985

Assignment of the gene for human sphingolipid activator protein-2 (SAP-2) to chromosome 10.

Sphingolipid activator protein-2 (SAP-2) has been found to stimulate the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosylceramide, galactosylceramide, and sphingomyelin. When human skin fibroblast extracts were subjected to sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by electroblotting and immunochemical staining using monospecific antibodies against SAP-2, two or three major bands with estimated mol. wts. of 9,000-10,000 were found. These antibodies did not crossreact with purified SAP-1, another activating protein, or with extracts of CHO-K1 cells. A series of 22 human/Chinese hamster ovary cell hybrids containing different human chromosomes were examined by this method. All eight hybrid clones containing human chromosome 10 were found to have crossreacting protein in this region. Other chromosomes could be excluded by this method. From these results, we conclude that the gene coding for human SAP-2 is located on chromosome 10.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Increased cytotoxicity of normal rabbit serum for lectin-resistant mutants of animal cells.

Plant lectins are cytotoxic and can be used to select for mutants of animal cells that exhibit structural changes in cell surface carbohydrates reflecting glycosylation defects. We isolated eight lectin mutants of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells that appear to represent three different phenotype classes. These lectin mutants were much more sensitive to the cytotoxic action of normal rabbit serum (NRS) than were the parental cells. This increased cytotoxicity was heat sensitive, specifically absorbed, and inhibited by simple and complex carbohydrates. No killing was observed under conditions in which only the alternate complement pathway was active. An NRS-resistant subclone that was isolated from one lectin mutant was shown to have also regained wild type behavior when tested with the lectins. The possibility that naturally occurring antibodies in rabbit serum are reacting with incomplete carbohydrate chains on the surface of the lectin mutants is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The use of cell surface antigens to characterize and select for fragments of human chromosomes retained by interspecies hybrids.

We have used a mouse cell transformant generated by human chromosome-mediated gene transfer (CMGT) to explore the use of cell surface antigens in the identification of fragments of human chromosomes retained by somatic cell hybrids. The transformed line, 21-30b, contained an intact rear-ranged human chromosome, and could be shown by isozyme analysis to contain genetic material from chromosomes 9 and X. By using the transformant as an immunogen in mice, it was also possible to produce antiserum to human-specific surface antigens. Using genetically characterized human X rodent hybrid lines, the genes controlling expression of these antigens could be localized to 11per----11p13, segregating concordantly with surface antigen S3. These conclusions were possible despite the fact that the presence of chromosome 11 in the transformant was not detectable by the presence of chromosome specific isozyme LDH-A or surface antigens W6/34 and 4F2. Finally, the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) was used to fractionate the transformant cells into antigen positive and negative subpopulations. This resulted in the isolation and characterization of four additional chromosome rearrangements involving interspecies chromosome translocations. This work demonstrates the value of chromosome-specific surface antigens and the FACS in the evaluation of human chromosome fragments retained by interspecies hybrids.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Localization of a gene which complements branched-chain amino acid transaminase deficiency to the short arm of human chromosome 12.

A human X Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrid (J1) containing only one human chromosome (number 11) does not express branched-chain amino acid transaminase and, therefore, cannot grow if the branched-alpha-keto acids are substituted for the branched-chain amino acids in the growth medium. J1 cells, which are glycine auxotrophs (Gly-A), were fused with normal human lymphocytes and the resulting hybrids selectively isolated in glycine-free medium. A total of 16 primary and 46 secondary clones were analyzed for isozymic and nutritional markers. Cytogenetic analysis with chromosome banding was also performed on selected hybrid clones. The results provide evidence that branched-chain amino acid transaminase is syntenic with lactic dehydrogenase B and is located on the short arm of human chromosome 12.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Relationships between genes on human chromosome 11 encoding cell-surface antigens.

Genes encoding seven monoclonal antibody-defined cell-surface antigens have been regionally mapped on human chromosome 11, and compared to those of the AL complex defined by polyclonal antibodies using mutational analysis. MIC1, encoding W6/34 antigen, is probably identical to S1, previously mapped to 11pter-p13. MDU1 and MIC8, encoding 4F2 and TRA-1.10 antigens, respectively, are probably identical to S2(a4) and map to 11q13-q22. MIC9, which governs expression of 4D12 and 2E2 antigens, and maps to 11q22-qter, is not related to any of the five AL genes. MIC4 and MIC11, both mapping to 11pter-p13, may have some relationship to S3 and S1, respectively, but identity has not been proven.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

Localization of the structural gene for human apolipoprotein A-I on the long arm of human chromosome 11.

Apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I), the major apolipoprotein in human high density lipoproteins, is involved in the disease atherosclerosis. Cloned apo A-I cDNA (pA1-3) was used as a probe in chromosome mapping studies to detect the human apo A-I structural gene sequence in human-Chinese hamster cell hybrids. Southern blot analysis of 13 hybrids localized the gene to human chromosome 11. Confirmation of the chromosomal assignment was obtained by analysis of a hybrid (J1) containing a single human chromosome, no. 11. Regional mapping was achieved by using deletion subclones of J1 that localized the human apo A-I structural gene to the region 11q13 leads to qter. Since the human apolipoprotein C-III (apo C-III) structural gene is closely linked to apo A-I, it can be assigned to the same region on the long arm of chromosome 11. By extension of methods previously described, it now appears possible to carry out fine-structure analysis of this and related gene regions on chromosome 11 and to study the biochemical concomitants of these genes and of genes on other chromosomes for analysis of their role in atherosclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Use of trehalose-mannitol-phosphatase agar to differentiate Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus from other coagulase-negative staphylococci.

Using a plate medium containing trehalose, mannitol, and phenolphthalein diphosphate (TMPA), we differentiated significant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis by their lack of acid production in 18 h from other coagulase-negative staphylococci, with our results having a sensitivity (R. S. Galen and S. R. Gambino, Beyond Normality: The Predictive Value and Efficiency of Medical Diagnoses) of 100%, a specificity of 89.9%, and a positive predictive value of 94.8%. With a Taxo A bacitracin disk, which differentiates Staphylococcus species from Micrococcus species, no zone of inhibition was seen for 96% of all staphylococcal strains, with 5 of 26 strains of Staphylococcus saprophyticus exhibiting zone diameters up to 10 mm. By using resistance to a 5-microgram novobiocin disk, we differentiated S. saprophyticus, with our results having a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 97.1%, and a positive predictive value of 83.9% on TMPA. These two species represented 77.8% of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated. Reference strains fo Staphylococcus and Micrococcus species were differentiated by TMPA. The cost of TMPA was compared with that of another method. TMPA was found to offer an inexpensive, sensitive method for rapidly differentiating coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates.

Agar↗
PubMed1983

Mother-, father-, and examiner--reported temperament across the first year of life.

The Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale (BNAS) was administered to 19 newborns, and their fathers completed the Broussard Neonatal Perception Inventory (NPl-l); at 1 year of age, the infants' fathers and mothers completed the Perception of Baby Temperament (PBT) scale. The 19 infants were first born, full-term, and the result of normal, vaginal deliveries. Relationships were found between examiner-reported temperament (BNAS) and both father- and mother-reported temperament at 1 year (PBT). Fathers were sensitive to the physical dimension of temperament and mothers were sensitive to the adaptive dimension. Three father-reported newborns behaviors (NPl-l) were related to father-reported temperament at 1 year (PBT). Little relationship between father- and mother-reported temperament (PBT) was found when infants were 1 year of age. Findings can be used to plan future research on newborn behavior, parental characteristics, and parental perceptions of 1-year-olds' temperaments.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Structural gene coding for multifunctional protein carrying orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and OMP decarboxylase activity is located on long arm of human chromosome 3.

In humans, deficiency in the last two enzymes of UMP biosynthesis, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) and OMP decarboxylase results in the inborn error of metabolism hereditary orotic aciduria, type 1. In this manuscript, we present immunologic, molecular, biochemical, and genetic evidence that the gene coding for this set of enzymatic activities is located on the long arm of human chromosome 3. The evidence presented here is consistent with both these activities being carried on the same multifunctional protein in mammalian cells. These studies allow further genetic analysis of human chromosome 3, confirming that human markers ACY-1, previously assigned to 3p21, and beta-gal, previously assigned by others to the region 3(p21-q21), must be in the region 3 (cen-p21) and confirming the regional assignment of a human DNA segment, D3S1, to 3q12. The significance of these studies to genetic analysis of genes on human chromosome 3, some of which appear to play a role in some forms of malignancy, is discussed.

Carboxy-Lyases↗
PubMed1983

Further studies on a hybrid cell-surface antigen associated with human chromosome 11 using a monoclonal antibody.

A monoclonal antibody has been obtained that recognizes an antigen encoded by human chromosome 11. We present evidence that this monoclonal antibody recognizes the same or a similar antigenic activity as that previously called a1. Genetic information necessary for a1 expression and recognition by the monoclonal antibody both map to 11p13 leads to 11pter. Mutants that have lost a1 are no longer recognized by the monoclonal antibody. The macroglycolipid fraction of human erythrocyte membranes which contains the a1 antigenic activity is able to convert antigen-negative Chinese hamster ovary cells into cells which are killed by the monoclonal antibody plus complement.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Observations on the immunomodulator NPT 15392 in New Zealand Black mice.

NPT 15392, an experimental drug with immunomodulatory activities, was administered to New Zealand Black (NZB) mice over an extended period of time. Anti-erythrocyte antibody levels and spleen weights increased with age in NZB mice, while hematocrits (Hct) declined slightly. In addition, both antierythrocyte antibody and spleen weights were negatively correlated with Hct (-0.545 and -0.848, respectively). NPT 15392 therapy retarded the development of anti-erythrocyte antibody in young mice (11 weeks old), and reduced the levels of this autoantibody in 38 week old animals. The slight improvement in the index of anemia in the older treated mice was also accompanied by a substantially lower spleen weight. No significant effect of NPT 15392 therapy was observed on Hct levels. These results indicate that NPT 15392 has a modifying effect on the evolution of the autoimmune process in this strain of mouse.

Aging↗
PubMed1983

Human ferritin gene is assigned to chromosome 19.

Ferritin is the intracellular iron storage protein. Tissue ferritin stores are markedly increased in hemochromatosis, a disease of iron overload that has been linked to chromosome 6. In order to provide further information concerning the genetics of ferritin synthesis and to determine if the structural gene for ferritin was on chromosome 6, studies were performed to identify the human chromosome that contains the ferritin gene. Ferritin immunoassays were performed on extracts of Chinese hamster ovary somatic cells that were hybridized with human lymphocytes and fibroblasts and contained various human chromosomes in different combinations. None of the 13 cell lines that lacked immunoreactive human ferritin contained chromosome 19, and all 9 of the cell lines that produced human ferritin contained chromosome 19. No other human chromosome shared this association with human ferritin. In studies of subclones of ferritin-positive cell lines, immunoreactive ferritin consistently segregated only with chromosome 19. Immunoprecipitation studies performed on cells that had been incubated with 59Fe-containing transferrin indicated that chromosome 19-containing cells incorporated iron into intact and functional molecules of human ferritin. The necessary and exclusive association of chromosome 19 with human ferritin indicates that a defect in the structural gene for human ferritin cannot account for the abnormalities of hemochromatosis. Moreover, this hamster-human hybrid cell system should prove useful in further studies of regulation of ferritin concentration and composition.

Animals↗