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Biomedical subjects

C Jones

Publications and source records attributed to C Jones.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Providing psychological support for patients after critical illness.

The majority of patients have little or no memory of their stay in ICU or remember only pain, suctioning or lack of sleep. Dreams and nightmares while in the intensive care unit (ICU) and after discharge home have also been reported. The few studies investigating the longer-term psychological problems of critical illness point to a picture of social isolation with patients avoiding company and showing less affection to their partners. Our own experience, running a special outpatient clinic and following up patients by post, showed a picture of depression, anxiety, irritability and social isolation. This led to the setting up of an ICU staff-led support group for patients recovering from critical illness. This article outlines the possible problems and pitfalls of setting up and running a support group for patients recovering from critical illness. The type of patients suitable to attend such a group is examined. Two case histories give an illustration of the type of problems ICU patients experience during their recovery and how an informal support group can help. In addition to possible benefits to the patients, support groups can also give ICU staff a chance to understand the process of recovery from critical illness and to examine the effects on patients of their own practice. However, they must also have enough insight to know when a patient needs professional help; for example, a patient displaying symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder should be referred, with their agreement, to a clinical psychologist.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1994

High-resolution meiotic and physical mapping of the best vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD2) locus to pericentromeric chromosome 11.

Best vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD2) has previously been linked to several microsatellite markers from chromosome 11. Subsequently, additional genetic studies have refined the Best disease region to a 3.7-cM interval flanked by markers at D11S903 and PYGM. To further narrow the interval containing the Best disease gene and to obtain an estimate of the physical size of the minimal candidate region, we used a combination of high-resolution PCR hybrid mapping and analysis of recombinant Best disease chromosomes. We identified six markers from within the D11S903-PYGM interval that show no recombination with the defective gene in three multigeneration Best disease pedigrees. Our hybrid panel localizes these markers on either side of the centromere on chromosome 11. The closest markers flanking the disease gene are at D11S986 in band p12-11.22 on the short arm and at D11S480 in band q13.2-13.3 on the proximal long arm. This study demonstrates that the physical size of the Best disease region is exceedingly larger than previously estimated from the genetic data, because of the proximity of the defective gene to the centromere of chromosome 11.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Associations of dental caries with salivary mutans streptococci and acid producing bacteria in 5-year-old children from KwaZulu and Namibia.

Two hundred and eighty-five, 5-year-old children from rural and urban KwaZulu and Namibia were examined for dental caries, salivary mutans streptococci and salivary acid producing bacteria. The findings showed statistically significant correlations between salivary mutans streptococci counts and ds and dmfs scores in all groups of children, the highest values being in Namibian children. Salivary acid forming bacteria had low correlations with few statistically significant groups. While salivary mutans streptococci counts may be a useful caries screening method in children of this age, salivary acid forming bacterial counts appear unsuitable.

Acids↗
PubMed1994

Characterization of phosphoinositol oligosaccharides from parasitic protozoa by fast atom bombardment and collisional activation mass spectrometry.

Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB MS) enables the rapid, accurate and sensitive determination of the molecular masses of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-derived oligosaccharides, from which the composition in terms of monosaccharide residues and non-carbohydrate substituents can be determined. Interpretation of fragment ions in collisional activation mass spectra further enables the determination of residue sequence, the positions of branch points, and the location of non-carbohydrate substituents. We have applied these techniques to the characterization of phosphoinositol oligosaccharides from Leptomonas samueli, Endotrypanum schaudinni and Leishmania adleri. The mass spectral data permit the postulation of candidate structures for the oligosaccharides, which provide a set of constraints that can assist the interpretation of results from other techniques such as NMR.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Structures of four oligosaccharides derived from the glycoinositolphospholipid of Leishmania adleri.

Glycoinositolphospholipids (GIPLs) were extracted from the trypanosomatid Leishmania adleri by hot phenol extraction and the carbohydrate moieties isolated after base cleavage. Purification of the crude oligosaccharides by high performance anion exchange (HPAE) chromatography yielded four fractions whose structures were determined by a combination of methylation analysis, fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The use of NMR spectroscopy in the structure determination of a Leptomonas samueli glycosylphosphosphingolipid-derived oligosaccharide.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides an extremely powerful technique to determine the structure of oligosaccharides, particularly when used in conjunction with other physical techniques such as methylation analysis and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS). This brief review describes the application of NMR to the determination of the structure of an oligosaccharide isolated from the glycophosphosphingolipid (GPS) from the monogenetic trypanosomatid Leptomonas samueli. When ambiguities arise in the NMR interpretation, the use of other data will be discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

N.m.r. and molecular-modelling studies of the solution conformation of heparin.

The solution conformations of heparin and de-N-sulphated, re-N-acetylated heparin have been determined by a combination of n.m.r. spectroscopic and molecular-modelling techniques. The 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectra of these polysaccharides have been assigned. Observed 1H-1H nuclear Overhauser enhancements (n.O.e.s) have been simulated using the program NOEMOL [Forster, Jones and Mulloy (1989) J. Mol. Graph. 7, 196-201] for molecular models derived from conformational-energy calculations; correlation times for the simulations were chosen to fit experimentally determined 13C spin-lattice relaxation times. In order to achieve good agreement between calculated and observed 1H-1H n.O.e.s it was necessary to assume that the reorientational motion of the polysaccharide molecules was not isotropic, but was that of a symmetric top. The resulting model of heparin in solution is similar to that determined in the fibrous state by X-ray-diffraction techniques [Nieduszynski, Gardner and Atkins (1977) Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser. 48, 73-80].

Carbon Isotopes↗
PubMed1993

Chromosome painting in acute monocytic leukemia.

An Alu polymerase chain reaction (PCR) probe specific for chromosome 11 prepared from the somatic cell hybrid J1 was used to analyze karyotypes of eight patients with acute monocytic leukemia (AML-M5). Chromosome painting confirmed the t(9;11) in one patient and a der(1)t(1;6)t(6;11) in another and allowed the identification of a complex rearrangement involving chromosomes 9, 11, and 17, previously classified as del(11)(q23), in a third patient. An analysis of five patients with AML-M5 and a normal karyotype did not detect abnormalities of chromosome 11. The usefulness of chromosome painting combined with in situ hybridization with probes previously located on particular chromosomes is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) gene is located in the chromosome 2q14 region.

The gene for human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) has been assigned to chromosome 2 on the basis of Southern blot analysis of a series of human-Chinese hamster cell hybrids. Using a yeast artificial chromosome containing the IL1RN gene as a probe, the human IL1RN gene was localized to the long arm of chromosome 2 at band 2q14.2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. This site is near the positions of genes for human IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and types I and II IL-1 receptors, as reported by other laboratories.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Molecular and cytogenetic characterization of a Chinese hamster/human hybrid cell line containing a der (21)t(Ypter-->cenY::cen21-->21qter) chromosome.

Human/rodent somatic cell hybrids have been exceedingly useful in assigning human genes and DNA sequences to specific human chromosomes. As new technologies for analyzing the human chromosome complement of such human/rodent hybrid cells become available, it is of critical importance that these be applied to enhance characterization of existing hybrids. This is particularly important since human chromosomes in such hybrids have been observed to rearrange with time. We report here the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization of DNA probes to metaphase chromosomes to analyze one hybrid designated 72532X6. This analysis shows that the chromosome suspected to be a normal human chromosome 21 in this hybrid is actually a translocation chromosome containing Yp and 21q. In addition, the hybrid contains a fragment of human chromosome 9 translocated to a Chinese hamster chromosome. Analysis of the chromosomes from the human donor indicates that his chromosomes are normal. Thus, this translocation chromosome appears to have arisen after formation of the hybrid.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

A human chromosome 11 NotI end clone library.

A NotI end clone library has been constructed from a human-hamster hybrid cell line containing only human chromosome 11. Fifty-one NotI clones were chosen to characterize the library. The majority of NotI clones hybridize to small 15- to 200-kb fragments and have proven to be valuable for chromosome 11 physical mapping by detecting fragments not previously recognized by random probes. These NotI end clones have been used to isolate corresponding NotI linking cosmids which were then used to identify adjacent NotI fragments on pulsed-field gels. The clones were mapped using fluorescence in situ hybridization and a somatic cell hybrid panel. Although these clones were localized over the entirety of chromosome 11, a nonrandom distribution was observed. Northern blot analysis indicated that 57% (17/30) of the NotI clones examined detected poly(A)+ transcripts in HeLa cell RNA.

Animals↗