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Biomedical subjects

C Jones

Publications and source records attributed to C Jones.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The recreational drug user in the intensive care unit: a review.

This paper describes the mode of action of a set of recreational drugs that may cause patients problems that are severe enough to warrant admission to an intensive care unit. The mechanism of harm will be examined as well as some of the strategies used to deal with these problems. A general view of the chosen group will be outlined, followed by a breakdown of the drugs into specific categories, with review of the harmful effects of individual drugs. It is the intention of the authors to review depressant drugs at a later stage.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1996

Mouse monoclonal antipeptide antibodies specific for cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP).

A synthetic peptide whose amino acid sequence corresponds to residues 131-142 of human cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) was used as an immunogen to generate a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the intact CETP molecule. Spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with the peptide conjugated with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) were fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells. Two MAbs that bound fixed peptide in an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) were partially characterized regarding their specificity and biological activity. ATM192 of the IgG1 subclass and J16-14 of the IgG3 subclass were used in a Western blot assay as well as in the ELISA. We have also shown through the use of immunoprecipitation that ATM192 can remove CETP enzyme activity from human serum without destroying the enzyme's activity. We have also shown that the antibodies can bind CETP from rabbits. The specificity studies and the lack of inhibition of enzymatic activity suggest that the MAbs bind a structural area of the CETP molecule not a part of the active binding site of the enzyme. We conclude that these antibodies can be valuable as tools for studying CETP levels in human serum as well as in tissue homogenates from rabbits and humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Physical mapping confirms that sheep chromosome 10 has extensive conserved synteny with cattle chromosome 12 and human chromosome 13.

The following loci, on human chromosome 13, have been newly assigned to sheep chromosome 10 using chromosomally characterized sheep-hamster cell hybrids: gap junction protein, beta 2, 26 kDa (connexin 26) (GJB2); gap junction protein, alpha 3, 46 kDa (connexin 46) (GJA3), and esterase D/formylglutathione hydrolase (ESD). This assignment of ESD is consistent with comparative mapping evidence, but not with an earlier report of it on sheep chromosome 3p26-p24. Cell hybrid analysis confirmed the location of another chromosome 13 locus, retinoblastoma 1 (including osteosarcoma) (RB1), and the anonymous ovine genomic sequence RP11 on sheep chromosome 10. Isotopic in situ hybridization was used to regionally localize RP11 on to sheep 10q15-q22. The location of microsatellites AGLA226, OarDB3, OarHH41, OarVH58, and TGLA441, previously assigned to sheep chromosome 10 by linkage analysis, was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction using the cell hybrid panel. These mapping data provide further evidence that sheep chromosome 10 is the equivalent of cattle chromosome 12, and that these chromosomes show extensive conserved synteny with human chromosome 13.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The latency-related gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 encodes a product which inhibits cell cycle progression.

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) establishes a latent infection in the sensory ganglionic neurons of cattle. The exclusive viral RNA expressed in a latent infection is the latency-related (LR) RNA, suggesting that it regulates some aspect of a latent infection. During the course of a productive infection, alphaherpesviruses induce certain events which occur during cell cycle progression. Consequently, we hypothesized that a BHV-1 infection might induce events in neurons which occur during cell cycle progression. In agreement with this hypothesis, cyclin A was detected in neurons of trigeminal ganglia when rabbits were infected. Neuronal cell cycle progression or inappropriate expression of cyclin A leads to apoptosis, suggesting that a viral factor inhibits the deleterious effects of cyclin A expression. The BHV-1 LR gene inhibited cell cycle progression and proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells. Antibodies directed against cyclin A or the LR protein coprecipitated the LR protein or cyclin A, respectively, suggesting that the two proteins interact with each other. We conclude that LR gene products inhibit cell cycle progression and hypothesize that this activity enhances the survival of infected neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The nursing triage process: a video review and a proposed audit tool.

OBJECTIVE: To review the activity of the nurse triage process. SETTING: The triage room for adults attending the accident and emergency department of the Cardiff Royal Infirmary. METHODS: 226 triage processes were videotaped over 31 h during July 1994. Activities were subsequently analysed using a specially designed chart. RESULTS: Areas for improvement in staff communication skills and patient privacy were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The use of video in the triage room allows assessment of the triage process and is a valuable aid to training. Additionally, a potential visual audit tool has been identified.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Myoglobin content and oxygen diffusion: model analysis of horse and steer muscle.

We test the hypothesis that myoglobin is important for O2 supply near the oxidative capacity of muscle. This hypothesis is evaluated with a simple model that incorporates the properties of heart and skeletal muscle tissue taken from steers and horses exercising at their maximum O2 consumption rate. These tissue samples allowed us to set the bounds on oxidative demand and O2 flux from red blood cells to the core of the muscle fiber, to estimate the blood and tissue capacities for O2 diffusion, and to define the capillary blood PO2 driving this O2 flux. A model combining blood convection with tissue diffusion indicates that O2 diffusion alone is insufficient to achieve the measured O2 fluxes in many samples. The myoglobin content of these fibers is significantly correlated with this O2 diffusion limitation and provides sufficient additional O2 flux to meet muscle O2 demand. The presence of myoglobin maintains the PO2 in the fiber core above anoxic levels for the majority of muscles. Thus myoglobin is critical to O2 supply at fluxes near the maximum and prevents anoxia by maintaining PO2 above levels needed to support mitochondrial function.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Sheep CENPB and CENPC genes show a high level of sequence similarity and conserved synteny with their human homologs.

Sheep CENPB and CENPC clones were isolated from a lung cDNA library. The DNA and predicted amino acid sequences of these clones were compared with their human and mouse homologs and shown to contain a high degree of sequence similarity. Sheep chromosomal assignments were made using a sheep x hamster somatic cell hybrid mini-panel. CENPB was assigned to sheep chromosome 13 and CENPC to chromosome 6. The previously reported assignments of CENPB and CENPC to human chromosomes 20 and 4, respectively, suggest conserved synteny between sheep chromosome 13 and human chromosome 20 and support conserved synteny between sheep chromosome 6 and human chromosome 4.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

High levels of dopamine D2 receptor occupancy with low-dose haloperidol treatment: a PET study.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the dopamine D2 receptor occupancy induced by low-dose haloperidol treatment in a prospective trial. METHOD: Seven patients with schizophrenia were treated with 2 mg/day of haloperidol for 2 weeks, and D2 receptor occupancy was measured by [11C]raclopride and positron emission tomography. RESULTS: The patients showed high levels of D2 occupancy (53%-74%); five of them showed substantial clinical improvement, and none showed important side effects. CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrate that low doses of haloperidol induce D2 receptor occupancies that are in the putative therapeutic range. In combination with recent empirical trials, these findings should encourage clinicians to initiate treatment of psychotic episodes with low (2-4 mg haloperidol equivalent) doses of typical neuroleptics, particularly for first-episode patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Activation of the Xenopus cyclin degradation machinery by full-length cyclin A.

The entry into mitosis is dependent on the activation of mitotic forms of cdc2 kinase. In many cell types, cyclin A-associated kinase activity peaks just prior to that of cyclin B, although the precise role of cyclin A-associated kinase in the entry into mitosis is still unclear. Previous work has suggested that while cyclin B is capable of triggering cyclin destruction in Xenopus cell-free systems, cyclin A-associated kinase is not able to support this function. Here we have expressed a full-length human cyclin A in Escherichia coli and purified the protein to homogeneity by virtue of an N-terminal histidine tag. We have found that when added to Xenopus cell-free extracts free of cyclin B and incapable of protein synthesis, the temporal pattern of cyclin A-associated cdc2 kinase activity showed distinct differences that were dependent on the concentration of cyclin A added. When cyclin A was added to a concentration that generated levels of cdc2 kinase activity capable of inducing nuclear envelope breakdown, the histone H1 kinase activity profile was bi-phasic, consisting of an activation phase followed by an inactivation phase. Inactivation was found to be due to cyclin destruction, which was prevented by mos protein. Cyclin destruction was followed by nuclear reassembly and an additional round of DNA replication, indicating that there is no protein synthesis requirement for DNA replication in this embryonic system. It has been suggested that the evolutionary recruitment of cyclin A into an S phase function may have necessitated the loss of an original mitotic ability to activate the cyclin destruction pathway. The results presented here indicate that cyclin A has not lost the ability to activate its own destruction and that cyclin A-mediated activation of the cyclin destruction pathway permitted destruction of cyclin B1 as well as cyclin A, indicating that there are not distinct cyclin A and cyclin B destruction pathways. Thus the ordered progression of the cell cycle requires the careful titration of cyclin. A concentration in order to avoid activation of the cyclin destruction pathway before sufficient active cyclin B/cdc2 kinase has accumulated.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Mixed erythrocyte chimerism: implications for tolerance of the donor immune system to recipient non-ABO system red cell antigens.

We report a case of a minor degree of ABO incompatibility in a BMT recipient, demonstrating mixed RBC chimerism, who, late in the post-transplant period, developed a warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia and subsequently developed antibodies with donor-anti-recipient specificities for non-ABO system RBC antigens. While this implies a lack of tolerance of the donor immune system for recipient non-ABO system RBC antigens, other factors may be operating and should be evaluated before such a conclusion is reached. Underscored is the importance of obtaining pretransplant RBC antigen phenotypes on both the recipient and donor.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Quality of Scottish Morbidity Record (SMR) data.

SMR1 is an episode based record relating to all inpatients and day cases discharged from non psychiatric, non obstetric wards in Scottish hospitals. A record is raised when a patient is discharged from hospital, changes consultant or is transferred to another hospital. SMR1 records contain clinical and non clinical data. Approximately 1 million records are created annually.

Hospital Records↗