Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C Johansson.
The effect of 140 microgram 16,16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2 on food-stimulated pancreatic and biliary response has been studied in 7 healthy subjects, using a multiple indicator dilution technique. Intragastic administration of the methyl analogue decreased significantly the pancreatic and the biliary response, despite an enhanced gastric emptying rate of the test meal.
The gastric and intestinal handling of a standard liquid 300-ml meal (0.89 kcal/ml) was examined in 10 healthy, non-obese subjects by a quantitative multiple-indicator dilution technique. Such a meal contains about one-tenth of the daily energy requirements. The heavier the subject the more energy was transferred from the stomach to the intestine during the first 80 minutes after taking the meal. A high body weight was also associated with a rapid transit through the proximal 70 cm of intestine and the passing of a substantial part of the meal calories to the lower intestine. These circumstances favour a fast incorporation of fed calories. In subjects with lower body weights eneryg was delivered more slowly from the stomach. The absorbed an equal amount of energy in the proximal intestine as did the heavier subjects, but during the longer transit times. The percentage absorption in the investigated segment was therefore higher.
The gastric and intestinal response to a standard meal was examined with a quantitative multiple indicator dilution technique in a patient with jejunitis and malabsorption. Examinations were made during and after recovery from disease. The malabsorptive state was associated with a marked delay of the gastric emptying paralleled by a low gastric secretion rate. Despite the low delivery rate from the stomach, large fluid volumes passed at the investigated level 70 cm distal to the pyloric sphincter. This was due to a reduced absorption of nutrients and water during a rapid transit of the proximal intestine and to persistently high pancreatic and intestinal secretion rates. A comparison with data from the healthy experiment suggests that the strong gastric inhibition during malabsorption works as an effective compensation for the decreased absorptive capacity after the second hour from meal intake and onwards.
The absorption of sugar, fat, and protein after feeding two meals, differing in their content of glucose, was investigated in 7 healthy subjects, in double experiments with the multiple indicator dilution method. An average of 75% of the emptied amounts of sugar and 80% of the emptied fat and protein was absorbed during transit of the proximal 70 cm of the intestine. Differences in the absorption pattern between the meals were recorded, resulting from their different intragastric behaviour and gastric emptying pattern. Within the first hour significantly higher amounts of fat and protein were absorbed after the glucose-free than after the glucose-containing meal, whereas from the latter most of the glucose was absorbed early after ingestion. The absorptive capacity of the investigated segment was not exceeded for any component of the meals, owing to compensatory mechanisms by which the gastric emptying rate was inhibited and the transit time through the segment prolonged. The efficiency of sugar absorption was related to the transit time through the segment, in that a constant fraction was eliminated from the intestinal lumen per minute increase of the mean transit time. The net endogenous contribution of protein and fat at the exit of the segment amounted to an average of 3.0 g protein and 1.2 g fat during 3 hours.
The output of bilirubin and pancreatic enzymes was determined after ingestion of three different liquid test meals in man. Doubling the amount of protein in a composite meal was followed by a delivery of more protein per time unit to the intestine and by a higher output of bilirubin and enzymes than was recorded after a similar meal containing less protein. The ingestion of a 15% glucose solution awoke a considerable output of bilirubin and enzymes during the first hour, thereafter it was low and decreasing. The differences in enzyme and bilirubin output corresponded to differences in quality and quantity of the emptied food components.
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