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Biomedical subjects

C Jensen

Publications and source records attributed to C Jensen.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

A prospective comparison of iotrolan and iohexol in lumbar myelography.

In a double-blind study 238 patients were examined with lumbar myelography using iotrolan or iohexol in randomized sequence in order to evaluate the image quality, the safety and tolerance of iotrolan by monitoring the adverse effects with special attention to late reactions. There were no serious complications. On the first day 28 patients (24%) had headache after iotrolan and 41 (34%) after iohexol. This difference was not significant, and these frequencies are similar to those found after spinal puncture alone. The second most frequent side effect was neck pain; the duration of neck pain were significantly longer after myelography with iohexol than with iotrolan. There was a significantly higher frequency of adverse effects in females the first 24 hours, but during examination and on days 2 to 4 there were no differences between males and females. Anamnestic information or myelographic diagnosis could not predict which patients would have side effects. The image quality was excellent or good in all examinations but one. It is concluded that iotrolan is a safe contrast medium well suited for lumbar myelography.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Mechanical support for congestive heart failure in infants and children.

Pharmacologic therapy is the primary intervention for congestive heart failure in children. When pharmacologic support is unsuccessful, however, the use of mechanical support is becoming more common. The use of intraaortic balloon counterpulsation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ventricular assist devices, and abdominal compression devices in infants and children is increasingly becoming a viable option in pediatrics. Despite these advances, development of mechanical support for refractory CHF must continue for the development of ventricular assist devices and artificial hearts for infant and children as a bridge to transplant.

Child↗
PubMed1993

[Pneumococcal bacteremia in Hvidovre Hospital 1986-1990].

The study describes 156 consecutive cases of pneumococcal bacteraemia among patients admitted to Hvidovre Hospital during the five-year period 1986-1990. Pneumococcal bacteraemia was most common in the age groups 0-4 and 50-99 years. The most common focus of infection was the lungs (84%). 81% had preexisting diseases and the most common were: Immunosuppression due to drugs, alcoholism, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive lung disease, diabetes and myelomatosis. Patients over 65 years of age had a higher case fatality (35%) than younger (12%). The overall case fatality rate was 24%. Twenty-three percent of cases were hospital-acquired, and associated with a case fatality of 37%. Pneumococcal bacteraemia was most common during the winter season and unrelated to influenza. Eighty-four percent of the examined isolates represented capsular types included in the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine. Three percent of the tested strains were relatively resistant to penicillin (MIC > 0.1 microgram/ml). Despite antibiotic treatment, the mortality from pneumococcal bacteraemia, particularly in elderly, remains high. With this in mind, one may consider offering pneumococcal vaccination to persons over 65 years of age with chronic predisposing diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Muscle coordination and choice-reaction time tests as indicators of occupational muscle load and shoulder-neck complaints.

The use was explored of psychomotor tests as indicators of the risk of shoulder-neck disorders in workers with low-level static loads on the shoulder muscles. Two groups of workers performing office work and light production work were studied. A muscle coordination test with continuous movement of the arm and hand between three target areas and a psychogenic tension test, posing mental demands and with minimal requirement for body movements, aimed to quantify muscle activity in excess of that needed for biomechanical purposes. The electromyogram (EMG) recording of the active trapezius muscle in the muscle coordination test correlated with the median and static EMG values of the vocational (i.e. during the normal work task) trapezius recording both for the office and production workers, but showed no correlation with shoulder-neck complaints. The EMG responses in the psychogenic tension test and of the passive (contralateral) trapezius in the muscle coordination test correlated best with the parameters showing short, spontaneous pauses in the EMG recording of occupational load. For the office workers, but not for the production workers these parameters also correlated with shoulder-neck complaints and the presence of psychosocial problems. Psychomotor tests may thus be useful as indicators of the risk of shoulder-neck complaints in certain occupations, but further experimentation is needed to validate this conclusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Individual and work-related risk factors associated with symptoms of musculoskeletal complaints.

Individual and work-related risk factors in the development of occupational musculoskeletal complaints were investigated in a cross-sectional study of 52 female production workers and 34 female office workers. The work tasks of the production workers were considered to generate shoulder muscle loads of low amplitude and high repetitiveness, and the work tasks of the office workers, muscle loads of low amplitude and low repetitiveness. The symptom scores were similar in the two groups, with the highest score for both groups in the shoulder-neck region. Previous pain symptoms were an important risk factor for musculoskeletal pain in all body regions, whereas psychosocial problems at work were a risk factor for complaints in the shoulder-neck region. For the office workers, 27% of the variance in shoulder-neck symptoms was explained by the variance in the parameters "previous pain symptoms" and "psychosocial problems" in a multilinear regression model. In three groups of workers with different physical loads on the shoulder muscles the symptom scores for workers without previous pain symptoms and psychosocial problems were related to the physical load. For workers with previous pain symptoms and psychosocial problems, the symptom scores were high and similar for all three groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Trapezius muscle load as a risk indicator for occupational shoulder-neck complaints.

Upper trapezius muscle activity was quantified by electromyographic (EMG) recordings using surface electrodes to study occupational muscle load as a risk indicator for the development of shoulder-neck complaints. Thirty-nine female production workers and thirty-two female office workers showed much larger interindividual differences than the mean difference in muscle activity between the two groups. By comparison with the production workers, the muscle activity patterns of the office workers were characterized by more short pauses and a lower static load. The median load level was similar for the two groups. For the office workers, but not for the production workers, weak correlations were found between symptoms of pain in the shoulder-neck region and some of the EMG parameters (static level and frequency of micropauses > 0.6 s. Current techniques for measuring shoulder muscle load by EMG recordings seem inadequate as screening methods to predict future risk of development of muscle pain symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The influence of electrode position on bipolar surface electromyogram recordings of the upper trapezius muscle.

The effect of electrode position on the upper trapezius muscle on the myo-electric signal amplitude was investigated with special reference to arm position and estimate of force output. Previously, a depression of the electromyogram (EMG) signal has been reported midway between the seventh cervical vertebrae (C7) and acromion (Veiersted 1991, Eur J Appl Physiol 62:91-98) although this electrode position has been recommended (Zipp 1982, Eur J Appl Physiol 50: 41-54). Ten healthy subjects performed maximal shoulder elevations with the arm in vertical, abducted and flexed positions and they performed a dynamic movement test. The myo-electric signal was recorded along the length of the right upper trapezius muscle by a 16-channel bipolar array electrode and was integrated with a 0.2-s time resolution. A region just lateral to the midpoint between C7 and the lateral edge of acromion was found with high and stable amplitudes (% coefficient of variation equalled 5.6). At the midpoint a dip in the amplitude profile appeared which was slightly displaced by arm abduction or flexion probably due to sliding of the skin relative to the muscle. A linear EMG-force relationship was found in the region with high signal amplitudes, whereas the more lateral and the dip region showed highly variable EMG-force relationships. Thus, it was found that when using bipolar surface electrodes with an interelectrode distance of 2 cm a centre position 2 cm lateral to the midpoint between C7 and acromion provided good repeatability and high signal yield.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Randomized trial of FK 506/prednisone vs FK 506/azathioprine/prednisone after renal transplantation: preliminary report.

FK 506 was used as a primary immunosuppressive agent in 125 cases of renal transplantation in a randomized trial comparing FK 506/prednisone with FK 506/azathioprine/prednisone. With a mean follow-up of 5.5 +/- 2.5 months, there has been a 6-month actuarial patient survival of 99% and graft survival of 88%. There is no difference thus far between the two-drug and three-drug groups, although there may be less rejection and diabetes in the three-drug group. These results suggest that FK 506 is a useful immunosuppressive agent in kidney transplantation.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1992

Does the shunt opening pressure influence the effect of shunt surgery in normal pressure hydrocephalus?

Thirteen patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus were operated upon with an externally maneuverable shunt system (Sophy SU8) in order to investigate its influence on clinical outcome, intracranial pressure and cranial CT parameters. The opening pressure was set at high at surgery and lowered stepwise at intervals of three months to medium and low. The clinical condition, intracranial pressure and cranial CT parameters were examined at the end of the 3 months interval on each pressure level. The patients improved within the first 3 months inspite of an unchanged mean intracranial pressure and remained in a stable clinical condition during the rest of the study period. The intracranial pressure was significantly reduced at 9 months. The ventricular index, Evans index, temporal horn and third ventricle width were reduced 3 months post-operatively and did not change significantly during the rest of the study. The pre-operative third ventricle width was correlated to high psychometric test results after shunt surgery. Reduction in ventricular index, Evans index and third ventricle width after surgery correlated to improvement in psychometric scoring. The clinical improvement after shunt surgery for normal pressure hydrocephalus is seen within 3 months and is independent of the adjusted valve pressure.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Elbow flexion test in the normal population.

The elbow flexion test was investigated in 204 elbows in 102 normal volunteers. The effects of various wrist and shoulder positions were also studied. In 20 elbows in 15 persons (10%) flexion tests were positive with the wrist and shoulder in neutral position. In 27 elbows in 20 persons (13%) tests were positive with wrist extension and shoulder abduction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The effect of forced expirations on mucociliary clearance in patients with chronic bronchitis and in healthy subjects.

Animal studies have shown that frequent coughing may damage the mucociliary apparatus in flow-limiting segments of the central airways. To determine whether mucociliary clearance in humans is affected by repeated dynamic compression associated with forced expirations, we measured pulmonary deposition and mucociliary clearance for 2 h of inhaled [99Tcm]albumin. The subjects inhaled [99Tcm]albumin on 2 study days (randomized) using (A) slow inspirations and forced expirations, while inhalation using (B) forced inspirations and slow expirations served as control. The study was conducted using 10 patients with chronic hypersecretory/obstructive bronchitis and six normal subjects. We found that inhalation of [99Tcm]albumin by the two manoeuvres (A and B) resulted in similar patterns of aerosol deposition. There was no significant difference in retention of radioactivity in the central lung region at 1 h in the patients with chronic bronchitis after inhalation with manoeuvre A (102%) and with manoeuvre B (91.5%), or in the healthy subjects after manoeuvre A (74%) and manoeuvre B (77%). There was also no difference in the retention at 2 h or in overall mucociliary clearance in any of the groups. We conclude that dynamic compression in the central airways associated with forced expiration does not affect bronchial clearance in the airways of healthy subjects or in patients with chronic bronchitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The effects of postural drainage and positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy on tracheobronchial clearance in cystic fibrosis.

We studied the effects of two chest physiotherapy regimens on whole lung and regional tracheobronchial clearance (TBC) in ten patients with cystic fibrosis. The regimens were given on two separate days and consisted of 20 min of (1) postural drainage and the forced expiration technique (PD + FET), and (2) positive expiratory pressure (PEP-mask) and FET (PEP + FET). A third day served as control. The study days were randomized. Each day, the clearance of lung radioactivity was measured for 3 h by gamma camera. The number of spontaneous coughs was recorded and the sputum expectorated was sampled. We found that both PD + FET and PEP + FET improved whole lung TBC at 30 minutes and 1 h four or fivefold (p less than 0.01) compared with control, whereas at 2 h and 3 h only the improvement following PEP + FET (approximately 1.4 times) was significant (p less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in whole lung or regional TBC between the PD + FET and PEP + FET treatments. The correlations between TBC and the radioactivity content in sputum expectorated (rs2 = 0.76) and between TBC and numbers of coughs (rs2 = 0.65) were better than between TBC and the weight of sputum expectorated (Rs = 0.39). We conclude that PD or PEP when combined with FET have similar effects on short-term whole lung and regional TBC in patients with cystic fibrosis. Evaluation of TBC during chest physiotherapy when only based on the weight of sputum expectorated seems inadequate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Intra-abdominal location of peritoneal catheters during CAPD.

Thirteen patients were studied on two random occasions in order to evaluate the relationship between 1) volume and rate of dialysis outflow and the subsequent inflow, 2) patient's impression of the location of the catheter tip, and 3) stability of the catheter tip location. Outflow with the catheter tip located in the middle part of the abdomen was significantly lower than with the tip located in the inferior quadrants (p less than 0.02). No catheter tips were located in the far upper regions of the abdomen. Only one patient was able to state the exact location identical to fluoroscopy. 92% of the fluoroscopic evaluations showed that catheter tips were located in the same anatomical region in the upright as well as in the supine position. If vertical "neighbour" anatomical regions were included in the evaluation of the catheter tip migrations, all catheter tips were located in the same or the vertical "neighbour" region at the two study periods.

Abdomen↗