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Biomedical subjects

C Janson

Publications and source records attributed to C Janson.

113 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Nebulization versus injection in ambulatory treatment of acute asthma: a comparative study.

Nebulization treatment of acute asthma with terbutaline and ipratropium bromide, given either separately with a 30-minute interval or combined as single inhalation, was compared with injection treatment with a combination of terbutaline given subcutaneously and theophylline given intravenously. Seventy-seven episodes of acute asthma were studied. Nebulization treatment gave the same degree of bronchodilation as the injections, both immediately after treatment [measured as increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and improvement of dyspnoea] and during the following 6 days (measured by PEFR recordings at home). The injection treatment caused a moderate increase in heart rate, whereas no circulatory side-effects were noted during nebulization treatment. Administration of ipratropium bromide 30 minutes after terbutaline was not more effective than the combination of both substances as a single nebulization.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Effects of exercise-training on the thermic effect of food and body fatness of adult women.

Resting metabolic rate (RMR), thermic effect of food (TEF), aerobic capacity (VO2max), body fat, and food intake were measured in 10 healthy women before and after a 10 week graded exercise program of jogging. Pretraining TEF was a linear function of VO2max. Following exercise training, the women showed a significant increase (20%) in VO2max and loss (10.4%) of body fat; body weight did not change. Fat loss was directly related to changes in VO2max and RMR. The women showed a wide variation of changes in RMR (-21 to +2%) and TEF (-32 to +66%) from their pretraining levels. The changes in RMR and TEF were significantly positively correlated with improvements in VO2max. Analyses using multiple regression techniques, indicated that the changes in RMR and TEF accounted for 96.2% of the total variation in the changes of VO2max. Analyses of food intake indicated that diet composition (but not caloric intake) was highly related to the changes in VO2max, RMR, TEF and body fatness. Present results support further our hypothesis, that VO2max is an important physiological index of dietary thermogenesis and fat loss of individuals of normal body weight and fatness. Possible nutritional and physiological factors that may explain the wide variation in RMR and TEF of the women are discussed.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1975

Validity of plasma factor in schizophrenia as measured by tryptophan uptake.

The uptake of L-tryptophan by chicken erythrocytes is stimulated by the presence of human plasma; however, there is no difference between the stimulation caused by plasmas of normal, chronic hospitalized nonschizophrenic, or chronic hospitalized schizophrenic subjects. Human plasma in general contains a complement-dependent antibody which reacts with an antigen present in the membrane of chicken erythrocytes resulting in hemolysis. Hemolysis can be maintained at a constant level by certain concentrations of Ca++ ion, the addition of which resulted in a gradual increase in tryptophan uptake. The calcium effect is probably due to the fact that the metal acts as a cofactor or modifier of component(s) of plasma causing higher uptake. The data indicate that hemolysis is not determining uptake of tryptophan by chicken erythrocytes.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of passive smoking on respiratory symptoms, bronchial responsiveness, lung function, and total serum IgE in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Passive smoking is widespread, and environmental tobacco smoke contains many potent respiratory irritants. This analysis aimed to estimate the effect of passive smoking on respiratory symptoms, bronchial responsiveness, lung function, and total serum IgE in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. METHODS: This analysis included data from 7882 adults (age 20-48 years) who had never smoked, from 36 centres in 16 countries. Information on passive smoking, respiratory symptoms, asthma, and allergic rhinitis was gathered through a structured interview. Spirometry and methacholine challenge were carried out, and total and specific IgE were measured. The effect of passive smoking was estimated by means of logistic and multiple linear regression for each country and combined across countries by random-effects meta-analysis. FINDINGS: In 12 of the 36 centres, more than half the participants were regularly involuntarily exposed to tobacco smoke. The prevalence of passive smoking in the workplace varied from 2.5% in Uppsala, Sweden, to 53.8% in Galdakao, Spain. Passive smoking was significantly associated with nocturnal chest tightness (odds ratio 1.28 [95% CI 1.02 to 1.60]), nocturnal breathlessness (1.30 [1.01 to 1.67]), breathlessness after activity (1.25 [1.07 to 1.47]), and increased bronchial responsiveness (effect -0.18 [-0.30 to -.05]). Passive smoking in the workplace was significantly associated with all types of respiratory symptoms and current asthma (odds ratio 1.90 [95% CI 0.90 to 2.88]). No significant association was found between passive smoking and total serum IgE. INTERPRETATION: Passive smoking is common but the prevalence varies widely between different countries. Passive smoking increased the likelihood of experiencing respiratory symptoms and was associated with increased bronchial responsiveness. Decreasing involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke in the community, especially in workplaces, is likely to improve respiratory health.

Adult↗