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Biomedical subjects

C Jacquot

Publications and source records attributed to C Jacquot.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Variations of plasma lipid fractions in relation to age in two models of obesity.

The Zucker rat (ten weeks old) is characterized by a large increase in plasma triglyceride, which is accompanied by a smaller augmentation of phospholipids and tri-unsaturated cholesteryl ester levels. On the other hand, lipid increases in hyperphagic animals are characterized by less hypertriglyceridemia but significant hypercholesterolemia involving several lipoprotein fractions. Variation in time and start of these changes were observed, using a thin layer chromatography method. In goldthioglucose (GTG) mice variations in plasma lipids of controls were irregular, consequently the influence of obesity was expressed as the ratio obese/control as functions of time. The levels of total lipids, cholesteryl ester, triglyceride, lecithin and lysolecithin had a linear progression with time in contrast to sphingomyelin, saturated and tri-unsaturated cholesteryl ester. Two phases can be distinguished in the variation of lipids in GTG mice: the first corresponding to onset, up to the seventh week, and the second corresponding to definite obesity. In Zucker rats lipid levels of lean rats decrease with time while they increased in obese rats. Triglyceride increase was predominant at each period of the study. Changes in total lipids, triglyceride, free fatty acids, cholesteryl ester, lecithin and lysolecithin were also linear. These results make it evident that the lipid disorder as described in the adult begins very early. Because the variations in lipid levels are more regular, the Zucker rat is preferable to GTG mice as a model of obesity.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Changes in brain 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism induced by hypobaric hypoxia.

1. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) level was measured in hypothalamus, striatum and the rest of the brain of rats exposed to 1800, 5200 and 7000 m simulated altitudes. 2. Moderate hypobaric hypoxia failed to modify 5-HT level, whereas severe hypoxia reduced the amine level by about 30%. 3. Treatment with a synthesis blocking agent (PCPA) revealed a dual effect of hypoxia on the 5-HT elimination. Increased elimination observed at 1800 m was attributed to the hypoxia-induced stress and the decrease (at 5200 and 7000 m) indicated the predominance of enzymatic inhibition. 4. It was assumed that tryptophan hydroxylase was more sensitive than monoamine oxidase to a high hypobaric hypoxia.

Altitude↗
PubMed1982

[Hemodynamic and hormonal study of electronarcosis and neuroleptanalgesia. Clinical study in 17 surgical patients].

The blocking effect of electropharmaceutical anesthesia (EPA) and neuroleptanalgesia (NLA) on adrenergic and hormonal reactions to abdominal surgery were compared in 17 ASA class I to III randomized patients. This study was intended to define the indications for each of these techniques in patients with heart diseases. Each individual received the same anesthetic premedication and induction and was submitted to iterative identical measurements and biological dosages. Before and during surgery, both groups were catheterized with a Swan-Ganz and a radial catheter. Blood sampling for catecholamines, cortisol, glycemia, blood gases dosages were regularly drawn. Electrical stimulation was performed in the EPA group, and fentanyl injections were repeated in the NLA group patients only. The same doses of pancuronium and droperidol were given to every patient. A circulatory hyperkinesia and hyperadrenergia were observed during surgery in all of the subjects but, during EPA, the tachycardia, the cardiac index and the rate-pressure product were higher than during NLA. The body temperature increased towards normal in EPA, not in NLA. Adrenergic and hormonal levels were equal in both groups. The slow variations of all the important parameters demonstrate that the measured phenomenons have a long time-course what legitimates this kind of prolonged on-the-spot observation. The role of droperidol, pancuronium and fentanyl in the observed variations is discussed. The characteristic high hyperkinesia in EPA may be due partly to an inefficacious analgesia because of the fentanyl suppression after induction, partly to the preserved thermogenesis partly to a direct effect of the electrical stimulation on cerebral tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Relationship between experimental obesity and plasma lipid fractions.

Serum lipids of three types of obese animals have been studied; GTG mice, the lesioned rat (VMH) and the Zucker rat. Analysis was performed by thin layer chromatography and densitometric quantification. These methods separate 14 lipid fractions after serum extraction. The experimental evidence shows that GTG mice and VMH rats are characterized, in comparison with their lean strains by elevated cholesteryl-ester fractions, triglycerides, lecithins and lysolecithins. In addition the Zucker rat is essentially hypertriglyceridemic and shows increased phospholipid levels. The analysis also stresses the importance of polyunsaturated fractions of cholesteryl esters in obese animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Dramatic aggravation of renal amyloidosis after surgery. Three cases (author's transl)].

A few cases of improvement in secondary renal amyloidosis following surgery (in particular, removal of the amylogenic foci) have been published, but cases of aggravation are much more numerous. The authors report on three patients whose renal function deteriorated dramatically after extra-renal surgery (pneumonectomy, aortic valve replacement, mitral valve replacement). None of the usual precipitating factors, such as DIC, cardiovascular collapse, sepsis or renal vein thrombosis, could be detected, but two patients had been under extracorporeal circulation. Such accidents appear to be unpredictable and irreversible. They can be seen in primary or secondary amyloidosis and whether or not surgery involves an amylogenic focus. Indeed, in two of their patients the diagnosis of amyloidosis was unknown before the operation. This suggests that in patients with suspected amyloidosis no major surgical operation should be undertaken without prior renal biopsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Pharmacokinetics of 14C-2-allophanyl-2-allyl -gamma-valero-lactone: a prodrug of proxibarbal in rats.

The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 2-allophanyl-2-allyl-gamma-valerolactone (AAV) was studied in rats. AAV was partially transformed to proxibarbal and urea, and its urinary elimination was very rapid. AAV becomes widely distributed in tissues and peak concentrations are reached rapidly. A dynamic equilibrium between AAV and proxibarbal was established in the tissues after the AAV concentration had reached its peak. The distribution and kinetics of the two compounds appeared to obey a single compartment system with a half-life of approximately one hour. However, the cerebral proxibarbal half-life was two hours, thus differing from that of all other tissues. The ratio of AAV/proxibarbal in tissues was dependent on tissue pH. With the exception of the brain, this ratio remains constant with time. Proxibarbal release from the brain appeared to result from its back-transformation to AAV. The present data indicate that AAV may be the cerebral prodrug of proxibarbal.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

Nephrotic syndrome, linear glomerular IgG deposits, and minimal glomerular changes. Report of a case.

A young adult patient had an unusual acute idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. This nephrotic syndrome was remarkable for (1) association with acute renal failure and hypertension, (2) finding of minimal glomerular changes with a linear fixation of the anti-human IgG conjugate along the glomerular capillary wall without demonstrable antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies, and (3) complete recovery, including disappearance of the linear staining, after treatment with prednisone, cyclophosphamide, and plasmapheresis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Effect of tabernanthine on the turnover time of brain catecholamines in normal and hypobaric hypoxic rats.

The central effects of tabernanthine on noradrenaline and dopamine turnover times were studied in the hypothalamus, the striatum and the remainder of the brain of normal and hypobaric hypoxic rats, the latter state corresponding to 5,200m (410mm Hg) and 7,000m (320mm Hg). Catecholamine cerebral level were not modified by the drug in either instance. At normal atmospheric pressure the catecholamine turnover times were slightly decreased by tabernanthine. Hypobaric hypoxia alone increased noradrenaline and dopamine turnover times by inhibiting oxygen-dependent enzymes. Tabernanthine antagonized the effect of hypobaric hypoxia especially in dopaminergic areas. Antagonism was complete at 5,200m but only partial at 7,000m. This phenomenon may be related to the stimulatory properties of the drug.

Alkaloids↗