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Biomedical subjects

C Jacquot

Publications and source records attributed to C Jacquot.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Interaction of cholecystokinin and diazepam: effects on brain monoamines.

An antagonism between cholecystokinin (CCK) peptides and benzodiazepines (BZD) has been described in various paradigms. We sought to determine whether CCK and BZD are also antagonistic in their effects on brain neurotransmitter levels in the rat. No effect on the noradrenergic system was induced in any brain area by CCK 8 S and diazepam alone or in combination. Administered alone, sulfated CCK octapeptide (CCK 8 S) (5 micrograms/kg ip) and diazepam (5 mg/kg ip) were found to decrease DOPAC levels in the cortex and to induce 5-hydroxy-tryptamine accumulation in the hippocampus. When administered together, these variations were no longer observed. However, a slight tendency by each substance to decrease 3-methoxy-tyramine levels in the striatum, became significant when given in association. The differences in CCK-BZD interactions observed in the striatum, cortex and hippocampus suggest that different mechanisms of action are involved. The addition of the effects occurring in the striatum might involve a GABA-ergic mechanism.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1990

[Recurring arterial thrombosis in the adult during a nephrotic syndrome. Report of a case and review of the literature].

A 55 year old male with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (minimal glomerular changes at light microscopy) developed recurrent arterial thrombosis (aortic, popliteal and prosthetic) combined with recurrent proteinuria. Fourty nine cases of adult arterial thrombosis associated with nephrotic syndrome are reviewed. This complication mainly affects the coronary, iliac and femoral, renal and cerebral arteries. Any type of nephrotic syndrome can be involved. The hypercoagulable state predisposes to thromboembolic events. Corticosteroid induced thrombotic episodes have been described during nephrotic syndrome. Therefore anticoagulant therapy is mandatory when steroid therapy is used.

Arteries↗
PubMed1990

[Treatment of anemia in chronic hemodialysis patients with recombinant human erythropoietin: long-term results in 15 patients].

Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHu-EPO) was given during 12 to 20 months in 15 long term haemodialysis anaemic (mean Hb: 6.6 +/- 1 g/dl) patients who required no blood transfusion. Patients over 65, or with severe arterial disease or with uncontrolled hypertension were not included in this trial. Correction of anaemia (mean Hb 12.1 +/- 0.6 g/dl) was achieved in all patients and maintained all along the study. An improved sense of wellbeing and increased exercise tolerance were reported by all patients. Appropriate maintenance dosage of rHu-EPO was 74 +/- 6 U/kg i.v. twice weekly. High dose oral and/or intravenous iron therapy was necessary in the absence of previous marked iron overload. One retinal venous thrombosis was the sole severe side-effect encountered. A slight but significant increase of blood pressure was observed with the need of intensifying previous anti-hypertensive therapy in one patient and of starting one in one another. Fine adjustment of the dry weight was necessary to maintain blood pressure in the normal range. Heparin requirements increased in the majority of patients because of hollow fibre clotting but there was no evidence of decreased efficacy of dialysis. In two patients clotting of arteriovenous fistula was not obviously related to the rHu-EPO treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Recurrence of Wegener's granulomatosis in a cadaver kidney graft].

Early recurrence of Wegener's granulomatosis on a kidney graft is described in a 35-year-old patient. The differential diagnosis of renal microvasculitides is discussed as well as the problem related to characterization and specificity of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Possible factors influencing the risk of recurrence of Wegener's granulomatosis on the graft are detailed after reviewing five cases from the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Is necrotizing vasculitis a disease caused by deposits of circulating immune complexes?].

From findings in serum sickness, it has often been considered that circulating immune complexes play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of experimental necrotizing vasculitis and glomerulonephritis. In reality, most cases of experimental vasculitis might well be due to the formation of immune complexes in situ. Moreover, the role of cell-mediated immunity, still poorly studied, might be important. In humans, the respective roles of circulating immune complexes, immune complexes formed in situ and cell-mediated immunity remain imperfectly known.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The systemic availability of meptazinol in man after oral and rectal doses.

We have studied the pharmacokinetics of the centrally-acting analgesic meptazinol after oral and rectal administration to 15 healthy men. Each subject took a standard 200 mg tablet orally and Witepsol H12 suppositories containing 75, 100, and 150 mg of the drug in a cross-over design. Meptazinol plasma concentrations were measured by HPLC using fluorescence detection and the pharmacokinetics determined. The tmax values for the 100 mg and 150 mg suppositories (median = 0.5 h) were statistically significantly shorter than for the tablet (median = 1.13 h), suggesting that meptazinol was more rapidly absorbed via the rectal route. Despite substantial intersubject variation in Cmax the plasma concentrations after rectal dosage were higher than after oral administration. There was a statistically significant (p less than 0.001) improvement in systemic availability for each of the suppository doses (mean approximately 15.5% compared with the oral tablet (mean approximately 4.5%).

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Unexpected responses of the obese "cafeteria" rat to the peptide FMRF-amide.

The relationship between the acute effects of FMRF-amide on central monoamines and feeding effects were investigated simultaneously in normophagic and "cafeteria" rats. This tetrapeptide is considered as being representative of an endogenous related peptides family with antagonistic properties on opioid-induced behavioural effects. In normophagic rats, no feeding effect was observed, but there was a decrease in serotonergic metabolism similar to that induced by the classical antagonist, naltrexone. However, in the "cafeteria" rats, FMRF-amide enhanced food intake and increased serotonergic metabolism, exhibiting the classical effects of opiate agonists. Since the effects of FMRF-amide differ according to the ponderal and/or nutritional status, this peptide would appear to act rather as a modulator than a true opiate antagonist on food intake. This raises the question as to the exact role of the recently-discovered endogenous FMRF-amide related family in obesity and/or stimulated feeding patterns.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effects of opiate agonists and an antagonist on food intake and brain neurotransmitters in normophagic and obese "cafeteria" rats.

The relationship between the effects of opiates on food intake and on central monoamines in various brain areas was investigated in normophagic and obese "cafeteria" rats. Three agonists, beta-endorphin, dynorphin, and D-Ser2-Leu-Enk-Thr6 (DSLET) and an antagonist, naltrexone, were used. The three agonists enhanced feeling in normophagic rats but had different dopaminergic effects. Serotonergic metabolism increased concomitantly with the enhancement of feeding by the agonists, whereas it decreased following treatment with the antagonist naltrexone. In the cafeteria rats, although the feeding effects of dynorphin and DSLET occurred earlier, there was a complete lack of monoaminergic effects. beta-Endorphin was completely devoid of effects in this model. There would, thus, appear to be a positive correlation between the behavioural effects of these opiates and serotonergic metabolism in normophagic rats, while stimulated feeding situations ("cafeteria" rats) the disruption of a monoaminergic modulation does not prohibit a direct effect on feeding.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effects of insulin on brain serotonin in the young rat: influence of thyroid status.

Thyroid status has been shown to modify the adrenal catecholaminergic response to insulin. The influence of thyroid status on the brain serotonergic response to insulin is the subject of the present report. Newborn rats were divided into three groups: euthyroid, hypothyroid (propylthiouracil given to the suckling mother), and hypothyroid-treated with triiodothyronine (T3) as replacement therapy. At 14 days of age, the animals in each group received either insulin (10 IU/kg SC) or saline. Levels of serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were determined in several brain regions. Hypothyroidism induced increases in hypothalamic 5-HT and 5-HIAA and in cortical 5-HIAA levels. The elevations in 5-HIAA levels were reversed by T3. Insulin treatment-induced increases in 5-HIAA levels in all brain regions of both the hypothyroid and the T3-replaced rats. Thyroid status thus influences the serotonergic response to insulin in the young rat, but contrary to what occurred in adrenals for catecholamines, hypothyroidism enhances the central serotonergic response to insulin.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effects of food intake and body weight on a serotonergic turnover index in rat hypothalamus.

Absolute levels and ratio of serotonergic compounds in food-related hypothalamic nuclei were determined with a chromatographic method comparing for control (C) versus lean (L) versus obese (O) rats. In all three groups, a second parameter, i.e., fasting (F) versus satiation (S) was superimposed on the body weight factor. Indoleamine levels failed to show statistical differences depending on the body weight and/or the nutritional status. A significant negative correlation between an index of the serotonin turnover, the 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio, and body weight was found for the paraventricular (PVN) nucleus in the C and L groups as well as for the lateral (LH) nucleus for the C and O groups. A positive correlation was found for the ventromedian (VMH) nucleus in the O group. These data suggest that the body weight factor is implicated in the central serotonergic regulation more than the feeding parameter.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Management of a patient with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility during anesthesia and daily living].

Death from malignant hyperthermia (MH) still occurs in France. However, anaesthesia of the MH susceptible (MhS) patient is quite possible without any more risk than for patients who are not MhS. Guidelines have been worked out: "trigger" drugs such as volatile anaesthetics (halothane, enflurane, isoflurane) and depolarizing muscle relaxants must be imperatively avoided; "non-trigger" drugs should be used, such as nitrous oxide, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, propofol, opiates, non-depolarizing muscle relaxants, amide or ester local anaesthetics at the usual doses without adrenaline. Moreover, dantrolene should be available in all hospitals, 12 bottles being a minimum at hand, or, better, 30 (about 10 mg.kg-1). In some cases, such as emergencies, an unprepared operating theatre, or an unprepared ventilator, the patient should be premedicated with 2.5 mg.kg-1 dantrolene intravenously. The ventilator, the circuit and the operating theatre should not contain any trace of halogenated vapour. The usual parameters, as well as temperature and expired CO2 concentration, should be closely monitored. MhS patients must also be given counselling. This includes explanations about MH, its genetic features, the main laboratory tests used to detect susceptibility, as well as advice about lifestyle, the use of drugs other than general and local anaesthetics, and a discussion concerning the association of MH with other diseases. This counselling is not always easy to provide, because many answers are not, as yet, definitive.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

[Peripheral venous catheterization: influence of catheter composition on the occurrence of thrombophlebitis].

Infusion thrombophlebitis is a common troublesome complication of intravenous therapy. This study compared peripheral intravenous Teflon and Vialon catheters. The incidence of phlebitis, bacterial adherence and mechanical resistance (distortion) were assessed on 170 catheters, 85 of each type. The Vialon catheter resulted in less phlebitis than the Teflon one (18 vs. 35; p less than 0.01). During the period 49 to 72 h after the insertion of the catheter, the risk of phlebitis in the Teflon group was twice that in the Vialon group. The study of bacterial adherence using a semi-quantitative culture method demonstrated that 9.0% of the catheters were infected with Staphylococcus epidermidis. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (5.7% Vialon group vs. 12.5% Teflon group). The Teflon catheters were much more distorted than vialon catheters: 1.7% vs. 55.7% in the macroscopic study; 1.75% vs. 8.2% in the microscopic study. As Vialon softens at body temperature, it would seem likely that it generates a lesser degree of endothelial injury, explaining the lower rate of phlebitis with Vialon catheters.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1989

Vascular changes in hemodialysis patients in response to recombinant human erythropoietin.

The partial correction of anemia with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) is frequently associated with an increase in arterial pressure and could oppose the beneficial effect of anemia correction on myocardial function. In order to analyze the influence of rHuEpo therapy on the vessels and the heart, we performed systemic and regional hemodynamics studies in 11 hemodialysis patients before and 10 to 35 weeks after initiation of rHuEpo therapy, when hemoglobin concentration was 6.8 +/- 0.9 and 10.6 +/- 0.66 g/dl (mean +/- SD), respectively. The mean arterial pressure remained unchanged during this period (88 +/- 21 vs. 88 +/- 15 mm Hg). Echocardiographic study showed that rHuEpo treatment led to a decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (4.9 +/- 0.5 vs. 5.1 +/- 0.6 cm; P less than 0.03), left atrial diameter (3.22 +/- 0.30 vs. 3.43 +/- 0.33; P less than 0.03), and left ventricular mass index (109.8 +/- 30.6 vs. 133 +/- 30.8 g/m2; P less than 0.05). Left ventricular ejection volume decreased from 86 +/- 24 to 75 +/- 19 ml (P less than 0.03) and heart rate from 76 +/- 9 to 70 +/- 10 beats/min (P less than 0.05). Cardiac index decreased from 4715 +/- 700 to 3635 +/- 444 ml/min/m2 (P less than 0.01) and peripheral resistances rose from 1480 +/- 162 to 1943 +/- 250 dynes.sec.cm-5.m2 (P less than 0.01). Fractional ejection and mean circumferential fiber shortening remained unchanged. The treatment with rHuEpo did not change the aortic diameters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Kinetics of erythropoiesis in dialysis patients receiving recombinant erythropoietin treatment.

In eleven patients with uraemia on intermittent haemodialysis treatment, recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) was used at a dosage schedule of 100 IU/kg bodyweight thrice weekly. Erythrokinetic studies (blood volume, RBC survival and iron kinetics) were performed in nine cases before and after 6 months of treatment. The remaining two patients had only RBC and plasma volume determinations before and after treatment. Although total blood volume remained unchanged, RBC volume was increased in all cases. Red cell loss was not modified, and quantitative improvement of RBC production was noted in all cases. No qualitative defect of erythroid maturation or release was observed in the treated patients. In conclusion, rHuEpo treatment improves the anaemia of haemodialysis patients by normalising circulating RBC volume only through an increase in red cell production.

Adolescent↗