Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C J Sutherland

Publications and source records attributed to C J Sutherland.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

An investigation of the effects of massage on quadriceps performance after exercise fatigue.

Thirteen males and 7 females completed their maximum number of leg extensions against a half maximum load. In a randomised, crossover study they were exercised to fatigue using an ergonometer, ski-squats and leg extensions followed either by a 6 min massage or rest after which they again completed their maximum number of leg extensions against half maximum load. The process was repeated a few days later with the alternative condition (rest or massage). The results showed that massage after exercise fatigue significantly improved quadriceps performance compared to rest (p = 0.001). The data was further analysed in relation to age and gender.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Identification of a program of contractile protein gene expression initiated upon skeletal muscle differentiation.

The functional diversity of skeletal muscle is largely determined by the combinations of contractile protein isoforms that are expressed in different fibers. Just how the developmental expression of this large array of genes is regulated to give functional phenotypes is thus of great interest. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of contractile protein isoform mRNA profiles in skeletal muscle systems representing each generation of fiber formed: primary, secondary, and regenerating fibers. We find that in each system examined there is a common pattern of isoform gene expression during early differentiation for 5 of the 6 gene families we have investigated: myosin light chain (MLC)1, MLC2, tropomyosin, troponin (Tn)C, and TnI. We suggest that the common isoform patterns observed together represent a genetic program of skeletal muscle differentiation that is independent of the mature fiber phenotype and is found in all newly formed myotubes. Within each of these contractile protein gene families the program is independent of the isoforms of myosin heavy chain (MHC) expressed. The maintenance of such a program may reflect a specific requirement of the initial differentiation process.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Complications of proximal femoral allografts in revision total hip arthroplasty.

Four revision hip arthroplasties using a well-described surgical construct involving a large frozen femoral allograft to replace a deficient proximal femur developed six major complications related to the use of the allograft or of the surgical construct. These cases represent three consecutive cases using this surgical construct performed by the senior author and one postoperative referral that used the same construct. The complications included three allograft fractures, two nonunions at the host-allograft junction, and one postoperative infection. All four of the patients previously had cemented revisions before the allograft procedure, and all had deficient proximal femurs at the time of the allograft procedure. All three of the fractures occurred at the tip of the femoral prosthesis within the allograft. The unacceptably high fracture rate, three of four, was associated with the allograft functioning as an unsupported load-bearing element in this study.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed1992

Measurement of acetabular component migration using two-dimensional radiography.

The relationships between apparent acetabular component migration, choice of anatomic landmarks, and changes in rotation of the pelvis were determined by examining radiographs of a pelvic model in multiple projections. The minimum apparent migration associated with transverse and longitudinal rotation of 5 degrees from neutral was 2 mm. The least apparent migration was noted when the teardrop was used as the principal anatomic landmark. Determination of component migration in clinical studies from serial radiographs involves a minimum projection and magnification error of 2 mm.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1991

Coordination of skeletal muscle gene expression occurs late in mammalian development.

The acquisition of specialized skeletal muscle fiber phenotypes during development is investigated by systematic measurement of the accumulation of 21 contractile protein mRNAs during hindlimb development in the rat and the human. During early myotube formation in both species there is no coordination of expression of either fast or slow contractile protein isoform genes, but rather some slow, some fast, and some cardiac isoforms are expressed. Some isoforms are not detected at all in early myotubes. From Embryonic Day 19 in the rat, and after 14 weeks in the human, a strong bias toward fast isoform expression is evident for all gene families examined. This results in the establishment of a coordinated fast isoform phenotype at birth in the rat, and by 24 weeks in the human fetus. Unexpectedly, during secondary myotube formation in the rat we observe sudden rises and falls in contractile protein gene output. We interpret these fluctuations in terms of periods of myoblast proliferation followed by synchronized fusion into myotubes. The data presented indicate that each contractile protein gene has its own determinants of mRNA accumulation and that the different myoblast populations which contribute to the developing limb are not intrinsically programmed to produce particular coordinated phenotypes with respect to the non-myosin heavy chain contractile proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Radiographic evaluation of acetabular bone stock in failed total hip arthroplasty.

Evaluation of available bone stock in failed hip arthroplasty where significant osteolysis has occurred is often difficult, since information about the osseous integrity of the innominate bone is obscured by methacrylate and metal. A simple, inexpensive, and reliable solution is the use of the cross-table lateral view of the hip, with modifications of technique to demonstrate osseous anatomy. The author describes this technique and the anatomy of the pelvis from this oblique perspective. Illustrative case reports are presented.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1988

Patellar component dissociation in total knee arthroplasty. A report of two cases.

Dissociation of the polyethylene from the metal baseplate of the patellar component in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) occurred in two patients. Analysis of intraoperative and postoperative photographs of the specimens indicates that "cold flow" of the polyethylene precedes dissociation from the metal baseplate. The diagnosis can be made on the basis of a pathogonomic metallic crepitus.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Complications associated with warfarin prophylaxis in total knee arthroplasty.

Systemic and local complications associated with the use of warfarin for deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are significant. Forty-seven patients with primary TKAs considered at high risk for developing thromboembolic disease were treated with a regimen of preoperative and postoperative warfarin. The incidence (n = 2) of systemic complications was 4%. The incidence (n = 6) of wound complications requiring specific treatment or discontinuing physiotherapy was 12%. In this series, wound complications did not jeopardize the end results of TKA. However, such wound complications as may have delayed recovery occurred with a frequency similar to that reported in other series of TKA using different antithromboembolic modalities.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Effects of heat-stress on behavior and the pituitary adrenal axis in rats.

Three experiments were performed in order to analyse the behavioral and biochemical correlates of four different intensities of the same stressor. In Experiment 1, rats were exposed to heat stress (hot-plate) of varying temperatures for 30 seconds. Activity was recorded in an open field immediately after stress for 30 minutes. The data revealed that the milder temperatures increased (21, 47, 52 degrees C), while the higher temperature (57 degrees C) decreased activity. Experiment 2 assessed the pituitary-adrenal response to the different temperatures by measuring levels of plasma corticosterone 30 minutes after stress. The four levels of hot-plate temperatures induced differential levels of corticosterone which may best be described as an inverted U-shaped function, with only the extreme temperature (57 degrees) inducing a significant elevation in levels of the steroid. Experiment 3 further manipulated the pituitary adrenal axis by administering dexamethasone 25 hr and 1 hr before stress and ACTH 15 min before stress. Both affected activity levels by depressing locomotion regardless of the stress intensity. These results are compared to other studies that have addressed the question of stress-induced activation and it is suggested that stress is not a unitary concept, but interacts with the performance of certain behaviors to produce both facilatory or inhibitory results.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1983

Early progressive kyphosis following compression fractures. Two case reports from a series of "stable" thoracolumbar compression fractures.

In an 18-year-old man and an 18-year-old woman, significant kyphotic deformity progressively developed in the course of the healing of apparently stable thoracic compression fractures. The common features were: (1) multiple adjacent fractures; (2) location in the thoracic spine; (3) associated thoracic injury; and (4) youth. The possibility of early progressive kyphotic deformity should be carefully monitored so that appropriate treatment can be instituted before the deformity becomes significant. Although both isolated fractures and multiple-level fractures of the thoracolumbar spine occur predominantly between T12 and L2, there is a secondary area that is predisposed to compression fractures in sequence from T5 to T7.

Accidents↗
PubMed1982

A ten-year follow-up of one hundred consecutive Müller curved-stem total hip-replacement arthroplasties.

One hundred consecutive Müller curved-stem total hip replacements were reviewed ten years after operation. Twenty patients with twenty-two arthroplasties had died within the ten-year period without having a revision, and twenty-five arthroplasties had been revised for various reasons. Of the remaining fifty-three arthroplasties, thirty-five were classified as good or excellent, with Harris hip scores of 80 points or higher, and eighteen were classified as poor or fair, with scores lower than 80 points. Follow-up radiographs, made for all but six of the fifty-three hips at ten years, showed a 23 per cent incidence of migration of the acetabular component and a 28 per cent incidence of migration of the femoral component. In addition, there was a 15 per cent incidence of bone resorption in the proximal end of the femur without migration of the femoral component and a 4 per cent incidence of osteolytic defects about the femoral component, also without migration. Combining the radiographically loose replacement (migration) with the clinically loose ones (revised), the over-all incidence of aseptic loosening was 29 per cent for the acetabular component and 40 per cent for the femoral component. There was a positive correlation between the incidence of loosening of the femoral component and younger age, heavier weight, male sex, unilateral hip disease, a wide femoral canal, and varus position of the femoral component, whereas the incidence of loosening of the acetabular component was increased only in association with older age. The rate of loosening of the femoral component appeared to be higher during the early follow-up period and to decrease with time, while the rate of loosening of the acetabular component appeared to be lower during the early follow-up period but to increase with time.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Habituation and conditioning of the defense reactions and their cardiovascular components in cats and dogs.

Cardiovascular and behavioural responses elicited by novel, noxious or aversive stimuli have been studied in dogs and cats. Hindlimb blood flow, heart rate and arterial blood pressure increased in dogs when an orienting response was elicited by a novel stimulus (a sound). Similar cardiovascular responses occurred in dogs to mild noxious stimulus and in cats displaying a threatening posture when confronted by a dog. The cardiovascular components of the orienting response to a sound habituated with repetition of the sound. In two dogs however sensitization (increase) of the response occurred with reped by repetition of the confrontations: the vasodilation in the muscles waned and eventually was replaced by vasoconstriction while the cardiac acceleration and pressor response persisted. The threatening response was the most persistent. The modification of the behavioural and cardiovascular aspect of the response was not developing in parallel. The cardiovascular pattern was altered before any apparent changes of the behavioural pattern occurred. The cardiovascular responses of the noxious stimulus in dogs and cardiovascular components of the defence reaction in cats were readily conditioned to a sound. The possible role of the modification of the cardiovascular pattern in defence reactions in pathogenesis of hypertension is discussed.

Animals↗