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Biomedical subjects

C J Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to C J Phillips.

107 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Hyperthermia in running sled dogs.

Hyperthermia, as measured by increase in rectal temperature, was studied in a group of 22 adult mongrel sled dogs that had been selectively bred for high-speed (up to 33 km/h) races 16-50 km in distance. Under normal working conditions, rectal temperature in the sled dogs increased significantly during initial 15-20 min of run (gathered gallop) after which temperature usually stabilized or decreased slightly. Amount of increase in rectal temperature was correlated directly with ambient temperature but not with speed or distance. Significant differences in degree of hyperthermia were found among dogs but these differences were not correlated with such factors as sex, size, coat color, weight, or genetic history. Training was found to significantly diminish amount of increase in rectal temperature during work. Data from the present study were compared to those of other laboratory investigations and relationships of heat storage and radiative surface area to body weight are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1969

Macronyssid mites in oral mucosa of long-nosed bats: occurrence and associated pathology.

Macronyssid mites (Radfordiella) have been found in the oral mucosa of the long-nosed bat (Leptonycteris nivalis), which occurs from Texas southward throughout much of Mexico. This is the first report of mites of the suborder Mesostigmata attached in the oral cavity of a mammal. Osteolysis of hard palate and odontolysis of teeth result from infestations of mites adjacent to the upper premolars and molars; destruction of bone, teeth, and Connective tissue often leads to exfoliation of teeth in life. Oral mites have not been found in Leptonycteris sanborni, a species in part sympatric with Leptonycteris nivalis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Crystalloids in the excretory ducts of the accessory submandibular gland of the long-winged bat, Miniopterus magnator.

Cytoplasmic crystalloids are abundant in the excretory ducts of the accessory submandibular gland of the long-winged bat, Miniopterus magnator. The crystalloids, which always lack a membranous enclosure, may have an intricate silhouette. They consist of parallel linear densities with a 12.5 nm periodicity. These densities actually may be thin-walled tubules. In some crystalloids, intersecting subcrystalloids produce a complex pattern of decussate densities. In a few rare instances, continuities were detected between a crystalloid and a smooth-surfaced cisternal element. In other mammalian species, similar crystalloids connected to smooth endoplasmic reticulum play a role in steroid metabolism. We postulate that the ductular crystalloids in M. magnator might be involved in production of a factor that influences mating behavior.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identification of severe mental handicap.

Parents of 212 severely educationally handicapped children ESN(S) were asked about the circumstances of the identification of their child's handicap. Findings for the group as a whole were similar to those quoted in other studies but varied significantly according to the clinical group of the child. The 'no specific pathology' group gives cause for most concern: identification of these children occurs later, and is further delayed from the time that parents become anxious, than it is for children in other groups. Since 'no specific pathology' children may benefit as much or perhaps more from early intervention as do children in the more easily identifiable groups, attention should be paid to means of recognition and of giving appropriate help and support to their parents.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Severe mental retardation in children from socially disadvantaged families.

Children receiving ESN(S) education, attending special day schools, and living at home, were categorized into those whose handicap had been medically recognized in infancy and those of unknown aetiology, 'non-specific'. Information obtained from interviews with their families was used to identify a subgroup of those who were relatively socially disadvantaged. Both factors, medical and social, are shown to have a significant effect on early provisions for special needs. The non-specific cases from disadvantaged families tended to have been recognized at a later age than the rest; their parents had less information, less access to services, and less contact with others who could provide aid and support. It is argued that the theoretical model which distinguishes pathogenic and subcultural aetiologies of severe mental subnormality is inappropriate. It may be wrongly applied by fieldworkers, especially those serving families with a developmentally backward preschool child. The result may discriminate against socially disadvantaged families with a child whose handicap is not medically diagnosed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The economic implications of implementing evidence-based diabetic treatment strategies.

In Type I diabetes, conclusive evidence exists that intensive insulin strategies can achieve normal or near normal blood glucose levels and, as a result, reduce the risk of major complications and produce major benefits in years of life, years of sight, and years free from end-stage renal disease and amputation. The evidence in Type II diabetes is less clear but claims are made that insulin-based strategies should be started earlier, even at initial diagnosis. Intensive strategies have also been shown to improve survival in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction. The economic implications of introducing intensive insulin-based strategies have assumed different rates of obesity and patients currently receiving insulin. Since the costs of an intensive insulin-based strategy are approximately 50% more than conventional strategies, the average cost per diabetic patient will increase by half the percentage increase in patients receiving intensive therapy. It is argued that the extra costs incurred by the switch in therapy are likely to be offset by savings made as a result of reductions in expensive episodes of care, such as hospitalisation. In addition, evidence exists to show that such a switch is cost effective in generating additional life years and quality adjusted life years for diabetics.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developing a strategy for the prevention of hip fractures in the elderly due to osteoporosis: the application of economics to the findings from a clinical trial.

The occurrence of a fracture is the most obvious manifestation of osteoporosis. Preventive measures can reduce the risk of such events. The cost of preventing fractures depends on the cost and effectiveness of the intervention and the cost associated with treating the fractures. This paper aims to develop a framework for commissioners to evaluate new technologies by integrating the evidence on effectiveness with the costs likely to be incurred in providing interventions and the probable benefits generated. The explicit aim is to show how the effectiveness of an intervention designed to prevent hip fractures in the elderly, combined with an analysis of its potential economic impact, can provide an indication of how quality improvements in health-care provision and cost savings may be generated.

Aged↗