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Biomedical subjects

C J Jones

Publications and source records attributed to C J Jones.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

The effect of autonomic agonists and nerve stimulation on protein secretion from the rat submandibular gland.

Saliva samples were obtained from the cannulated duct of the rat submandibular gland following intravenous administration of the autonomic agonists, acetyl beta-methyl choline (methacholine), phenylephrine and isoprenaline and by stimulating sympathetically at 5 and 20 Hz. Phenylephrine and isoprenaline produced a saliva approximately 50-fold richer in protein than that induced by methacholine. Protease activity was greatest in saliva induced by phenylephrine. Methacholine, phenylephrine and isoprenaline caused the secretion of markedly different protein populations, determined by separation on SDS-polyacrylamide gradient gels followed by staining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R250. Many species in the molecular weight range 10000-40000 were secreted in response to phenylephrine and isoprenaline. Methacholine produced a saliva poor in protein and the resulting electrophoretic banding patterns were faint. Staining with periodic acid-Schiff's reagent showed that the largest protein species (mol. wt. 150000) secreted in response to isoprenaline was glycosylated and that small quantities of a similar protein were present in saliva produced by methacholine and phenylephrine but were not visualized by staining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R250. Phosphorylated proteins of molecular weights 30000-35000 and 38000-45000 were detected in saliva produced by isoprenaline but not in saliva produced by methacholine or phenylephrine. Stimulation of the cervical sympathetic trunk at 5 Hz yielded a population of salivary proteins, many of which behaved similarly on electrophoresis to proteins secreted in response to isoprenaline. At 20 Hz a different population was secreted, resembling that present in phenylephrine-induced saliva.

Adrenergic Agonists↗
PubMed1985

Purification and characterization of the flagellar hook-basal body complex of Salmonella typhimurium.

The hook-basal body complex of Salmonella typhimurium, a major component of its flagellar apparatus, was subjected to detailed analysis by electron microscopy and gel electrophoresis. The study was facilitated by the development of an improved protocol for isolation of the complexes in high yield and purity. Nine proteins were identified with the structure. These proteins had apparent molecular weights of 65,000 (65K), 60K, 42K, 38K, 32K, 30K, 27K, 16K, and 14K. Small but reproducible shifts in the apparent molecular weights of specific proteins from conditionally nonflagellate mutants indicated the following gene-polypeptide correspondences: flaFV, 42K; flaFVI, 32K; flaFVII, 30K; flaFIX, 38K; flaAII.1, 65K. Several new morphological features of hook-basal body complexes were recognized, including a clawlike structure on the cytoplasm-proximal M ring and additional material at the cytoplasmic face of the M ring. Based on this study and the work of others, we suggest that the morphological features of the hook-basal body complex correspond to the following proteins: hook-filament junction, 60K; hook, 42K; rod, 30K and 32K; L ring and outer cylinder wall, 27K; P ring, 38K; S ring, unknown; M ring 65K.

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins↗
PubMed1985

Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis (H-14) for larval Aedes mosquito control in intermountain meadows in Wyoming.

One square meter field enclosures made of steel flashing, and natural ponds were used to determine the efficacy of Bactimos formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis (H-14) for control of late instar Aedes dorsalis, Ae. fitchii and Ae. melanimon mosquito larvae in intermountain meadows. Low temperatures caused decreased efficacy of the formulations tested in the laboratory, and spring temperature extremes lowered efficacy in field tests. Adequate control of fourth instar larvae was obtained in field studies in a 24 hour period when water temperatures were greater than or equal to 12 degrees C at a treatment rate of 0.1 mg/liter.

Aedes↗
PubMed1984

A clinical and ultrastructural study of osteogenesis imperfecta after flavonoid (Catergen) therapy.

A trial of the flavonoid Catergen (Zyma) has been undertaken in 11 adults with osteogenesis imperfecta (Ol). The only significant clinical or metabolic side-effects were severe headaches, which necessitated the withdrawal of 3 patients from the trial. Patient compliance in terms of palatability of Catergen was good, and 3 of the 8 patients who completed the trial experienced subjective improvement. After 6 months' treatment with Catergen, the abnormally narrow collagen fibrils found in the osteoid region in a pretreatment bone biopsy specimen from a middle-aged man with the common type 1 (autosomal dominant) form of Ol showed a significant reversion to normal diameters. Post-treatment specimens from his 2 affected sons, who exhibited the same defect, showed a similar but less marked response.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Bim, a new serovar of Leptospira interrogans isolated from a dog in Barbados.

A new serovar of Leptospira interrogans was isolated from a dog in Barbados. The proposed name of the new serovar is bim, and the designated type strain is 1051. The serogroup of the new serovar is the Autumnalis serogroup. The new serovar was subsequently isolated from six patients with leptospirosis in Barbados.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Chloroquine: its effect on leucocyte auto- and heterophagocytosis.

The effect of chloroquine on phagocytosis and leucocyte ultrastructure has been examined. Incubation of neutrophils in 50 micrograms/ml chloroquine for 15 minutes produced a significant inhibition of latex particle uptake. After 90 minutes both 50 and 5 micrograms/ml inhibited phagocytosis while 7 of 9 cases were also inhibited at 0.5 micrograms/ml. However, after 4 hours 50 micrograms/ml chloroquine caused neutrophil granule vacuolation and a massive increase in autophagosomes in other cell types. Incubation in 5 to 0.05 micrograms/ml, which includes therapeutic plasma levels, had no effect on neutrophil ultrastructure but produced a dose-related increase in the number of lymphocytes containing autophagosomes, reflecting altered lysosomal function. As the antimalarial effect of chloroquine is manifested by giant autophagosome formation in Plasmodium, a common antirheumatic and antimalarial mechanism of action is postulated.

Autophagy↗
PubMed1984

The presence of abnormal lysosomes in lymphocytes and neutrophils during chloroquine therapy: a quantitative ultrastructural study.

Lysosomal ultrastructure in circulating lymphocytes and neutrophils from the blood of 22 patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus undergoing chloroquine therapy has been examined and compared with that of rheumatoid cases receiving alternative forms of treatment and non-rheumatoid controls. The lymphocytes of all 22 patients receiving chloroquine showed a highly significant number of lamellar inclusion bodies (mean 9.3%) compared with only occasional inclusions in six of the 14 rheumatoid and four of the 12 non-rheumatoid controls (means 0.86% and 0.83% respectively). Neutrophils from eight chloroquine-treated patients also showed abnormal granules which were absent from both control groups. These findings confirm our earlier in vitro work which indicated that lymphocytes, compared with neutrophils, had a greater susceptibility to chloroquine action with respect to alterations in lysosomal structure.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1984

Biochemical and ultrastructural studies of human eccrine sweat glands isolated by shearing and maintained for seven days.

A new method of isolating human eccrine sweat glands by the repeated dissection of skin biopsies with scissors is described. The success of the technique is attributed to a potential line of weakness between the investing capsule and the surrounding connective tissue, which parts under shear forces. The yield is 20-50 glands per biopsy (5 cm X 0.5 cm). The glands are judged to be viable by: (i) light and electron microscopy; (ii) ATP, ADP and AMP contents of 81.0 +/- 12.7, 13.8 +/- 3.3 and 3.8 +/- 1.0 pmol/gland, respectively (mean +/- S.E.M.), which gave an energy charge of 0.90; (iii) the 28-fold rise in cyclic GMP content and the sevenfold rise in cyclic AMP content effected by treatment for 2 min with 10(-5) M-acetylcholine and for 10 min with 10(-5) M-isoprenaline, respectively; (iv) the rate of [3H]leucine uptake into protein; and (v) the concentration of Neutral Red by the collecting duct. Glands were maintained for 7 days on polycarbonate filters floating on RPMI 1640 tissue-culture medium. After this time the ATP, ADP and AMP contents were 63.2 +/- 7.3, 8.5 +/- 2.2 and 3.5 +/- 0.8 pmol/gland, respectively (mean +/- S.E.M.), which gave an energy charge of 0.90. During maintenance a dilatation of the intercellular spaces developed in both secretory coil and collecting duct. Following maintenance there was a significant rise in the rate of [3H]leucine uptake into protein. Maintained glands demonstrated a fivefold greater accumulation of cyclic AMP in response to isoprenaline than did freshly isolated glands, but there was no comparable maintenance hypersensitivity of cyclic GMP to acetylcholine. This pattern of adrenergic, but not cholinergic, maintenance hypersensitivity matches the known lack of denervation hypersensitivity of human eccrine sweat glands to acetylcholine in vivo.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1984

Collagen defect of bone in osteogenesis imperfecta (Type I). An electron microscopic study.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inherited disorder of connective tissue metabolism characterized by fragility of the bones, resulting in multiple fractures. In this study electron microscopic examination of the osteoid region of iliac crest bone biopsy specimens from a 55-year-old man and his three sons (18, 21, and 25 years of age) affected with the common Type I (autosomal dominant) form of OI revealed collagen fibrils consistently smaller in diameter than those from normal age-matched control subjects, with the majority of OI fibrils measuring 0.04-0.06 micron, as opposed to 0.06-0.08 micron in the control subjects. This defect may be due to the biosynthesis of Type III collagen, not normally found in adult lamellar bone or, more likely, to a failure of maturation of Type I fibrils to their normal diameters, possibly owing to the increased levels of hydroxylysine previously reported in OI collagen, a factor known to be inversely related to fibril diameter.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Anticholinergic premedication in infants: a comparison of atropine and glycopyrrolate on heart rate, demeanor, and facial flushing.

Heart rate, demeanor, and facial flushing following intramuscular injection of atropine or glycopyrrolate were compared in 80 paediatric patients under 1 year of age. No significant differences occurred between the two drugs in the doses used. Neither was there any difference in drug response between those children aged under 2 months and the other patients in the study.

Akathisia, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1983

Changes in vascular endothelium related to lymphocyte collections in diseased synovia.

A population of small blood vessels are described in the synovia of patients with a number of different arthropathies. These vessels are identical to the high endothelial venules (HEV) of lymph node paracortex, known to be the site of lymphocyte diapedesis from blood to tissues. The significance of this finding and its possible role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritides are discussed.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1983

Proteins tightly bound to HeLa cell DNA at nuclear matrix attachment sites.

DNA-protein complexes have been isolated from HeLa cell nuclei and nuclear matrix preparations. Two proteins, 55 and 66 kilodaltons in size, remain bound to HeLa DNA after treatment at 80 degrees C in 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate and purification by exclusion chromatography on Sepharose 2B-CL in the presence of 0.3% sodium dodecyl sulfate. These proteins appear to be tightly bound but not covalently linked to the DNA, and they are distributed over the DNA with an average spacing of 40 kilobase pairs. This spacing distribution remains essentially constant throughout the cell cycle. The proteins are bound to the residual 2% of HeLa cell DNA which remains attached to the nuclear matrix after extensive nuclease digestion, a condition which reduces the average size of the DNA to approximately 150 base pairs. Our results suggest that these tightly bound proteins are involved in anchoring cellular DNA to the nuclear matrix. These tightly bound proteins are identical by partial peptide mapping to proteins found tightly bound to the DNA of mammalian, plant, and bacterial cells (D. Werner and C. Petzelt, J. Mol. Biol. 150:297-302, 1981), implying that these proteins are involved in the organization of chromosomal domains and are highly conserved in both procaryotic and eucaryotic cells.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1983

Prednisolone inhibits phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leucocytes via steroid receptor mediated events.

Prednisolone, at concentrations between 2.78 x 10(-6) M (1 mug/ml) and 1.39 x 10(-8) M (5 x 10(-3) mug/ml) exerts an inhibitory effect on the phagocytosis of latex particles by normal human polymorphonuclear leucocytes in vitro as assessed by electron microscopical analysis. This inhibition appears to be receptor-mediated, as it is dependent upon RNA and protein synthesis and is glucocorticoid specific.

Cycloheximide↗
PubMed1983

The synovium and synovial fluid in multicentric reticulohistiocytosis--a light microscopic, electron microscopic and cytochemical analysis of one case.

The synovium and synovial fluid have been studied in a patient with multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. Previously unreported histochemical, immunocytochemical and ultrahistochemical findings are presented and their relevance to the aetiology and pathogenesis are discussed. The synovial fluid analysis in this disease is characteristic and may be helpful in its early diagnosis.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1983

Intravenous glycopyrrolate and atropine at induction of anaesthesia: a comparison.

In unpremedicated patients presenting for general anaesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), the use of atropine combined with methohexitone as an intravenous induction agent was found to produce a significantly greater increase in heart rate than glycopyrrolate in similar combination. There was no difference in the antisialogogue effect of the two drugs at the doses used, and both drugs provided similar protection against the effects of suxamethonium and ECT on heart rate.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1983

Separation of two bone cell populations from fetal rat calvaria and a study of their responses to parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.

Bone cells released from perinatal rat calvaria by digestion with clostridial peptidase were separated into two distinct populations (designated types B and C) by equilibrium density centrifugation on a two-step gradient of Percoll. They were extensively characterized by light and electron microscopy and for behaviour in culture, acid and alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen synthesis, collagenase secretion and adenylate cyclase response to parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin. Type C cells were predominantly large with up to seven nuclei and an unusual cytoplasmic appearance in cytocentrifuge preparations. They did not proliferate in culture and we have established culture conditions which prevented their overgrowth by contaminating proliferative cells. In culture these cells had low alkaline and high acid phosphatase and high aryl sulphatase activity, and synthesized little collagen. In contrast type B cells were mostly smaller and many had irregular cytoplasmic projections. In culture they became polygonal in shape, proliferated rapidly, and reached confluence in 4-5 days. These were low in aryl sulphatase and acid phosphatase, high in alkaline phosphatase activity, and synthesized labelled collagen actively with [3H]proline and ascorbic acid included in the culture medium. The two cell population were found to differ in culture in two important further respects. First, the type C cells showed an adenylate cyclase response to calcitonin but not to PTH, while the converse was true for type B cells; this was so over at least a 20-fold range of isobutylmethyl xanthine concentration. Secondly, type C cells in culture secreted an active collagenolytic enzyme. Type B cells secreted much lower levels of a predominantly latent collagenase which required activation by mersalyl. Co-culture of type C and type B cells led to a marked reduction in the content of active collagenase in the culture medium.

Animals↗