Hyperfibrotic myelodysplasia.
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Blood Cell Count↗
Biomedical subjects
C J Harrison
Publications and source records attributed to C J Harrison.
Atypical allergic colitis in preterm infants.
Two atypical cases of colitis due to cow's milk protein intolerance (CMPI) are reported, affecting preterm infants. One developed a toxic dilatation of the colon and responded well to a casein hydrolysate based feed. The second presented insidiously and failed to tolerate a casein hydrolysate, but responded well to a chicken-based modular feed.
Acute Disease↗
Antigenic and genetic variation in influenza A (H1N1) virus isolates recovered from a persistently infected immunodeficient child.
Antigenic and genetic variations have been analyzed in eight consecutive isolates recovered from a child with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome persistently infected with naturally acquired type A (H1N1) influenza virus over a 10-month period. Hemagglutination inhibition reactions and T1 oligonucleotide fingerprinting demonstrated that these viruses were related to strains causing outbreaks in the United States at that time (1983 to 1984) but that antigenic and genetic differences between consecutive isolates could be detected. This variation between isolates was examined further by sequencing the RNAs encoding the HA1 region of the hemagglutinin (HA) and the nucleoprotein (NP) in five of the consecutive isolates. Multiple point mutations were detected in both genes, and a deletion of one amino acid was detected in the HA. Depending on the isolates compared, 5.8 x 10(-3) to 17 x 10(-3) substitutions per nucleotide site per year were detected in the RNAs encoding the HA1, and 3.5 x 10(-3) to 24 x 10(-3) substitutions per nucleotide site per year were detected in the NP gene. Fifty-four percent of the base changes in the HA1 and 73% in the NP led to amino acid substitutions. A progressive accumulation of mutations over time was not observed, suggesting that the genetic diversity of these viruses may best be interpreted as the result of shifts in the population equilibrium (quasi-species) of replicating variant genomes.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Monocytoid B cell lymphoma.
The clinical, light microscopic, ultrastructural, immunocytochemical and cytogenetic features of a case of monocytoid B cell lymphoma were investigated. The tumour initially affected the cervical and supraclavicular nodes, but 33 months later affected the left parotid salivary gland. The patient had subclinical Sjögren's syndrome. The neoplastic cells showed characteristic morphological features and had peri- and interfollicular distribution in the node. Immunocytochemically the tumour cells were L26, 4KB5, MB2, CD19, CD20, CD22 and IgM/kappa positive. Prominent plasmablastic plasmacytoid differentiation was present in the recurrent tumour, suggesting an origin from post-follicular B cells. The lymphoma cells showed unusual cytogenetic abnormalities.
Adult↗
Antibiotic treatment failures in acute otitis media.
When the clinician is presented with apparent treatment failure, noncompliance must be considered first. If this is the problem, the medication should be reinstituted after the parents are counseled. Next, the possibility of a superimposed viral illness also must be considered. When satisfied that these are not the problems, the clinician must consider whether the MEE has created so much positive pressure that antimicrobials cannot completely penetrate the middle ear space. If positive pressure is considered the problem, the same or another antimicrobial should be continued for a second 10-day course, allowing the pressure to decrease with time permitting more complete antibiotic penetration into the MEE. Alternately, clinicians with appropriate training may elect to relieve the pressure by tympanocentesis or myringotomy. If the clinician decides that it is more likely that the patient has a pathogen resistant to the initial choice of an antimicrobial agent, a second course of a more potent second-line antimicrobial is appropriate. Patients who fail a second course of antimicrobials should receive an alternate second-line antimicrobial or undergo drainage of the middle ear abscess. Those who fail a third course of antimicrobials should be referred to an otolaryngologist for evaluation or surgical intervention. Antimicrobials should be continued until the consultation occurs. This article has outlined potential clinical presentations for treatment failures as well as choices for second-line antibiotics. The relation of anatomic, environmental, microbial, and antimicrobial factors in persistent AOM must be considered in order to determine if the clinician should do more than merely prescribe second-line antibiotics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Near haploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia: seven new cases and a review of the literature.
Seven new cases are described of near haploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and the findings reviewed together with updated complete remission duration and survival data for the 21 cases already published. The patients were four males and three females, with an age range 2-19 years; all had an immunophenotype consistent with common ALL. The poor prognostic outlook for patients with near haploid ALL is confirmed by the median remission duration of 14 months for these patients, which is comparable to that for the previously published cases. The pattern of chromosome loss was marked particularly by the presence of two copies of chromosomes 10, 14, 18, 21 and both sex chromosomes. Populations of hyperdiploid cells with double the near haploid number were observed in six of the patients, one of whom demonstrated further clonal evolution, and it is proposed that some cases classified as hyperdiploid ALL with greater than 50 chromosomes may also have arisen from a near haploid stem line.
Adolescent↗
Relation of maternal CMV viremia and antibody response to the rate of congenital infection and intrauterine growth retardation.
Pregnancy outcome after maternal primary CMV infection initiated at different times during gestation was investigated by using the inbred Strain-2 guinea pig model of congenital CMV infection. The highest vertical transmission rates occurred in pups from dams that were initially viremic in late gestation presumably because delivery occurred prior to detectable maternal CMV-specific immune response. In contrast, conceptus loss was highest with maternal CMV infection initiated at conception. Intrauterine resorptions, intrauterine growth retardation, and disseminated neonatal CMV infection with CNS involvement were more frequent in pups born to mothers that were initially viremic prior to rather than after midgestation. Maternal viremia was prolonged and antibody responses were delayed after CMV inoculation in early gestation compared to late gestation. Prolonged maternal viremia plus early gestational virus exposure/infection of the fetus appeared to be associated with the most severe outcome. These findings suggest that the timing of initial maternal viremia and immune responses, the stage of fetal development, and the length of in utero exposure to CMV are important factors in subsequent disease expression and rates of congenital infection.
Animals↗
Immune response to guinea pig cytomegalovirus polypeptides and cross reactivity with human cytomegalovirus.
The immune response to guinea pig cytomegalovirus (gpCMV) was evaluated by immunoblotting. Preinoculation guinea pig plasma did not react with gpCMV antigen, whereas convalescent plasma reacted to at least 18 gpCMV-specific polypeptides. The initial immune response was primarily directed at polypeptides with MWs of 100, 75, and 56 kDa. Over 80% of plasma collected more than 29 days after viral inoculation reacted to these polypeptides and also to those with MW of 54, 52, and 38 kDa. In this report, we also demonstrate cross reactivity between gpCMV and human CMV (HCMV). Human immunoglobulin (IVIG) reacted to at least 20 HCMV polypeptides and cross reacted with six gpCMV polypeptides. GpCMV convalescent plasma also reacted with HCMV polypeptides.
Animals↗
Recurrent genital herpes in the guinea pig augmented by ultraviolet irradiation: effects of treatment with acyclovir.
The guinea pig model of genital herpes simplex virus infection has proven useful in the evaluation of antiviral drugs. We have recently demonstrated that recurrent herpetic infections can be induced in latently infected guinea pigs by ultraviolet irradiation. In this report we have examined the effect of acyclovir on ultraviolet radiation-induced recurrent genital herpes. Prophylactic topical acyclovir decreased the severity but not the incidence of ultraviolet radiation-induced recurrences while intraperitoneal acyclovir initiated before ultraviolet irradiation reduced both the incidence and severity of induced recurrences. When treatment was begun after ultraviolet exposure, neither topical nor intraperitoneal acyclovir were effective in reducing the incidence or severity of induced recurrent disease. The effectiveness of acyclovir in the control of induced recurrent genital infections in the guinea pig is similar to what has been observed in human trials. This model of ultraviolet radiation-induced recurrent herpes simplex virus infection should prove useful in the evaluation on new putative antiviral drugs.
Acyclovir↗
Cartilaginous pseudocyst of the external auricle in children with atopic eczema.
Four children with severe atopic eczema developed painless endochondral pseudocysts of the external auricle. The lesions were bilateral in two cases. In one case the lesion spontaneously resolved; of the remaining five lesions, one contained haematoma and the other four contained serous fluid. The aetiology of these lesions and their association with atopic eczema are unclear, but repeated minor trauma from rubbing may play a part.
Child, Preschool↗
T cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with uveitis, pancreatitis, digital gangrene and multiple chromosomal abnormalities.
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Chromosome Aberrations↗
Maternal cell-mediated cytolysis of CMV-infected fetal cells and the outcome of pregnancy in the guinea pig.
Cytolytic recognition of CMV-infected syngeneic fetal guinea pig cells by maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was suppressed late in pregnancies of uninfected guinea pig breeders with less than 25% conceptus loss. A small subset of less successful uninfected pregnancies with greater than or equal to 50% fetal wastage exhibited only partial suppression of cytolytic activity against CMV-infected fetal cells. Primary CMV infection of dams extending into early pregnancy induced augmented cytolysis of CMV-infected fetal cells, but not MA104 NK cell targets, throughout gestation and resulted in 70% loss of conceptus. Decreased suppression of cytolytic activity against CMV-infected fetal cells in uninfected pregnancy was also associated with runting of newborn pups, which was not as severe as that observed in congenitally CMV-exposed or CMV-infected pups. Congenitally infected pups were affected more than their exposed but uninfected litter mates. Lack of suppression of cytolysis of CMV-infected syngeneic fetal cells, whether spontaneous or CMV-infection-induced, appears to be associated with poor pregnancy outcome.
Animals↗
Acute monocytic leukaemia and t(2;6) (p21;q26) translocation.
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Adult↗
Effects of the immunomodulating agent R837 on acute and latent herpes simplex virus type 2 infections.
R837 is an immune modulator with no in vitro activity against herpes simplex virus (HSV). We evaluated topical R837 as therapy for genital HSV type 2 infection using the guinea pig model of this disease. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of R837 therapy on acute and latent neural HSV infections. Therapy initiated 12 h after viral inoculation and given twice a day significantly reduced the acute neural infection so that HSV was recovered from only 1 of 64 neural tissue specimens obtained from R837 recipients compared with 43 of 56 specimens obtained from placebo recipients (P less than 0.0001). R837 initiated 36 h after HSV inoculation and given once a day also significantly reduced the total mean lesion score of the acute disease from 14.1 +/- 4.3 to 2.6 +/- 5.3 (P less than 0.0001) and shortened the period of vaginal HSV shedding from 6.9 +/- 1.7 to 3.2 +/- 1.4 days (P less than 0.001). R837-treated animals also developed fewer HSV recurrences than did controls (2.0 +/- 1.7 versus 5.1 +/- 1.7; P less than 0.0002). Latent HSV was detected in 23 of 24 dorsal root ganglia explant cultures from placebo recipients but in only 2 of 30 cultures from R837-treated animals, and HSV in these 2 cultures was detectable only with the addition of a demethylating agent. Topical R837 exhibited in vivo anti-HSV activity, reducing both acute and latent neural infections as well as acute and recurrent genital disease.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Fine-structural aspects of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in sister chromatid differentiation and replication banding.
The structure of harlequin-stained chromosomes following substitution with low levels of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) over two cell cycles and high levels over the last part of one cycle (replication banding) was studied in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. By using correlative light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was shown that the effects of both the ultraviolet light (u.v.) and hot SSC treatment steps of the harlequin staining procedure were necessary to obtain sister-chromatid differentiation (SCD) or replication banding. u.v. treatment alone resulted in dark Giemsa staining of both chromatids with SEM morphology of short compact protuberances and an overall flattened smooth appearance in both the unsubstituted and BrdUrd-substituted chromatids, a morphology essentially similar to that of untreated chromosomes. SSC alone on the other hand resulted in dark-staining chromatids with an SEM morphology of raised, loosely packed loops of fibres in both types of chromatids. u.v. and SSC treatment together resulted in differentiation, with dark-staining unifilarly (TB) chromatids in the LM corresponding to raised loosely packed loops in the SEM and pale bifilarly (BB) chromatids corresponding to the smooth compact flattened SEM appearance. Where the BrdUrd-substituted strand became the template (BT), or when the nascent strand TB contained high levels of BrdUrd substitution in replication banding, the chromatid stained pale and showed the compact smooth appearance in the SEM. The Giemsa staining ability and ultrastructural morphology of harlequin staining is discussed with respect to putative DNA loss and also in terms of preferential protein-protein, protein-DNA cross-linkage in BrdUrd-containing DNA. These changes are also compared with the ultrastructural morphology observed after other banding methods, where deterioration of protein and DNA-protein interaction resulting in aggregation of chromatin fibres appears to be the major mechanism.
Animals↗
Legislation on birth-related injuries would address providers/victim problem.
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Birth Injuries↗
Modification of immunological responses and clinical disease during topical R-837 treatment of genital HSV-2 infection.
R-837, a compound with no in vitro anti-HSV activity, was administered intravaginally to guinea pigs (5 mg/kg every 12 h) for five days beginning 12 h after genital HSV-2 inoculation. Drug treatment reduced vaginal viral replication (P less than 0.0001), completely protected against primary disease and reduced recurrent genital HSV disease (P less than 0.0001). Drug treatment also induced mild fever, weight loss, and decreased water intake. R-837 was a potent interferon inducer, which also induced variable enhancement of cell-mediated cytolytic activity against HSV-2 targets. Less than 36 h of vaginal HSV shedding was observed in animals with R-837 induced early enhancement of HSV-target cytolysis. Compared to placebo, R-837 decreased ELISA and ADCC antibody to HSV-2, but accelerated HSV-2 specific in vitro IL-2 production and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation. R-837 exhibited potent anti-HSV activity in vivo apparently due to cytokine induction and enhancement of cell-mediated responses.
Administration, Intravaginal↗
Peripheral blood mononuclear cell-mediated cytolytic activity during cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of guinea pigs.
Inbred Strain-2 guinea pigs exhibited endogenous peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-mediated cytolytic activity against xenogeneic MA104 targets and guinea pig cytomegalovirus (gpCMV)-infected syngeneic and allogeneic targets. This endogenous cytolysis was unaffected by monoclonal T-cell antibody depletion but was diminished by removal of plastic adherent cells. In nonadherent effector populations, cytolysis was mediated predominately by large granular lymphocytes (LGL). During gpCMV infection, cytolysis of both target types was augmented (MA 104 for 3 weeks and gpCMV targets for 10-14 weeks). Augmented cytolysis of gpCMV targets was MHC-unrestricted and was diminished by removal of plastic adherent cells or monoclonal antibody depletion of T-cells, being found largely in LGL enriched populations. A role for this augmented activity in limiting gpCMV infection in inbred guinea pigs is suggested by the temporal association of augmented cytolysis of gpCMV targets with the cessation of viremia and clinical recovery.
Animals↗