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Biomedical subjects

C J Golden

Publications and source records attributed to C J Golden.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory correlates of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery in a psychiatric population.

To investigate the relationships between several neuropsychological deficits and personality function, 73 schizophrenic subjects with medically verified brain damage were administered the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (L-N) and the MMPI. Relationships between each of the 14 neuropsychological variables (the fourteen summary scales of the L-N) and each of the 10 clinical and three validity scales of the MMPI were analyzed by means of t-tests and Pearson correlations. Complex relationships between the neuropsychological variables and the MMPI scales were analyzed by means of multiple regression and discriminant analysis. With the exception of the F scale, results showed a relative lack of individual relationships between the cognitive and personality variables. As expected, however, relatively strong correlations were found between neuropsychological performance and overall patterns of personality variables for 11 of the 14 neuropsychological variables. Traditional personality differences associated with lesion laterality were replicated. Personality profiles uniquely related to specific neuropsychological deficits and personality trends which appeared across neuropsychological variables were discussed in terms of psychological reactivity and cognitive loss.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A circumvaginal muscle nomogram: a new diagnostic tool for evaluation of female sexual dysfunction.

Female orgasmic capacity was previously shown to vary significantly with the condition of the pubococcygeus muscle as evaluated by an extensive digital examination and readings from a perineometer, a pressure sensitive device inserted into the vagina. Subsequently, a discriminant analysis was applied to 6 types of perineometer readings to determine if an optimal combination of readings could alone serve as an accurate evaluation of muscle condition. Initial strength resting and initial strength contracting predicted "good" versus "bad" muscle with 73.4% accuracy. A nomogram is presented for clinical use.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Hemispheric asymmetries in schizophrenia.

The growing literature on hemispheric asymmetries in schizophrenic populations is critically reviewed. Studies of lateral asymmetries in schizophrenics are discussed which have employed a wide range of methodologies, including assessment of motor, sensory, electrophysiological, neuropsychological, and structural abnormalities. This literature is discussed in relation to two theoretical viewpoints, one emphasizing impaired functioning of the corpus callosum, and the other positing left hemisphere overactivation and dysfunction in schizophrenic populations. It is concluded that the hypothesis of impaired callosal function has not been adequately tested because of methodological problems, the most serious of which is the failure to show differential deficit. The hypothesis of left hemisphere abnormality has gained consistent support, although methodological problems were noted. This research suggests a structural locus for schizophrenic pathology which is consistent with the symptomatology of the disorder, and provides avenues for further research.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Cerebral ventricular size and neuropsychological impairment in young chronic schizophrenics. Measurement by the standardized Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery.

The relationship between size of cerebral ventricles in chronic schizophrenics and performance on a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, the Standardized Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery, was investigated. Ventricular size was determined by using a planimeter to measure the size of the lateral ventricles and the ventricular body, if present, on the computerized tomographic (CT) scan image that showed the largest lateral ventricles. This number was divided by the size of the brain as a whole on the same image of the CT scan to yield a ventricular brain ratio. This ratio was then correlated with the scores on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. Eight of the 14 scales of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery correlated significantly at the .05 level with the ventricular brain ratio in a sample of 42 chronic schizophrenics with an average age of 32.3 years. Overall, there was a multiple correlation of .72 between the ventricular brain ratio and Luria scores. The overall ventricular brain ratio for the schizophrenics was significantly above that found in normal populations. Changes in the size of the ventricles in schizophrenics appear to have significant correlates with measures of neuropsychological performance.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A comparison of treatments for prefrontal muscle contraction headache.

A comparison of hypnotic analgesia, frontalis electromyographic feedback, and frontalis electromyographic feedback in conjunction with Jacobson progressive relaxation for treating chronic prefrontal muscle contraction headache was done. There were four 1-hour treatment sessions for each type, and a follow-up. Measures were the number of headache hours per week, a subjective estimate of pain intensity, and an objective ratio of pain intensity found by using the submaximum tourniquet technique. No significant differences were found between treatments on these dependent measures, although all produced significant change in the desired direction. The current study utilized 48 patients with chronic prefrontal headache, and was performed in a clinical situation. Certain responses to the Headache Questionnaire used in screening were significantly correlated with improvement in headache. The current study controlled for class of medication the patient may have been taking for headache, thereby giving a more realistic assessment of the effectiveness of psychological treatments in a clinic.

Biofeedback, Psychology↗
PubMed1980

Factor analysis of the Luria-Nebraska neuropsychological battery. II: Visual, receptive, expressive and reading scales.

In recent years, Golden and his associates have devised and presented a standardized version of Luria's neuropsychological examination. One of the main advantages of this battery over Luria's more qualitative approach is the possibility of examining a number of the theoretical statements made by Luria concerning the relationship of basic psychological skills which make up the tests in each of ten major areas of neuropsychological function. The present paper is the second in a series attempting to examine some of the interrelationships among items on the standardized battery and compare these to Luria's theoretical structures. To do this, the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery was administered to a mixed neurological, psychiatric and normal population of 272 individuals. From the results of these tests, principle axis factor analyses (with communalities on the diagonal) were done on four scales (Visual, Expressive, Receptive, Reading) and obliquely rotated to the simplest solution. The resulting factors were found generally to conform to the factors predicted by Luria's theory. The interpretation of each factor found is discussed, as well as its implication.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Factor analysis of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery III: Writing, arithmetic, memory, left, and right.

In recent years, Golden and his associates have devised and presented a standardized version of Luria's neuropsychological examination. One of the main advantages of this battery over Luria's more qualitative approach is the possibility of examining a number of the theoretical statements made by Luria concerning the relationship of basic psychological skills which make up the tests in each of ten major areas of neuropsychological function. The present paper is the third in a series which examined some of the interrelationships among items on the standardized battery and then compared them to Luria's theoretical structures. To do this, the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery was administered to a mixed neurological, psychiatric and normal population of 270 individuals. From the results of these tests, principle axis factor analyses (with communalities on the diagonal) were done on five scales (Writing, Memory, Arithmetic, Left, and Right) and obliquely rotated to the simplest solution. The resulting factors were found, in general, to conform to the factors predicted by Luria's theory. The interpretation of each factor found is discussed, as well as its implication.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Factor analysis of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. I. Motor, rhythm, and tactile scales.

In recent years, Golden and his associates have devised and presented a standardized version of Luria's neuropsychological examination. One of the main advantages of this battery over Luria's more qualitative approach is the possibility of examining a number of the theoretical statements made by Lauria concerning the relationship of basic psychological skills which make up the tests in each of ten major areas of neuropsychological function. The present paper is an initial attempt to examine some of the interrelationships among items on the standardized battery and to compare these to Luria's theoretical structures. To do this the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery was administered to a mixed neurological, psychiatric and normal population of 272 individuals. From the results of study of these patients, principle axis factor analyses with communalities on the diagonal) were done on three scales (Motor, Rhythm, Tactile) and obliquely rotated to the simplest solution. The resulting factors were found, in general, to conform to the factors predicted by Luria's theory. The interpretation of each factor found is discussed, as well as its implication. Future papers are planned to deal with the factor structure of further scales on the standardized battery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Differentiation of chronic schizophrenics with and without ventricular enlargement by the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery.

The present study investigated whether the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery could be used clinically to differentiate schizophrenics with ventricular or sulcal enlargement from schizophrenics with no such enlargement as identified by a CT scan. The study investigated 42 patients, 24 males and 18 females, who were admitted to the Nebraska Psychiatric Institute with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The age range of the sample was from 20 to 39 years with all patients rating the definition of chronic schizophrenia according to DSM-111. Patients were tested in the present study while on antipsychotic medications. All patients were administered both the CT scan, which was analyzed using the methods of Weinberger and his associates (1979) and the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. Using normative data previously published in the literature, each CT scan was classified as normal or abnormal. Using objective rules of interpretation given in the paper, the Battery was 81% accurate in determining the presence of ventricular enlargement. The Battery was also 90% accurate in identifying the presence or absence of sulcal enlargement. The implications of the present results for the use of psychological testing as a possible screening device for CT scans in a psychiatric population is discussed. Also, the limitations of the methods used in this paper are discussed as well as their advantages.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Alcoholism and brain damage: an investigation using the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery.

Numerous neuropsychological tests have been used to assess the effects of chronic alcohol use on the brain. Recently, the introduction of the Standardized Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery has presented a fresh way of evaluating disorders due to brain dysfunction. The present paper is an investigation of deficits in alcoholics on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. It was found that alcoholics differed from age--and education--matched controls on six of the fourteen scales of the test: Visual, Receptive Language, Arithmetic, Memory, Intelligence, and the Pathognomonic scale. An investigation of the individual items which differentiated alcoholics and controls found evidence that the effects of alcoholism are primarily seen in the more complex association areas of the brain, consistent with the conclusions reached by Gudeman and his associates. The implication and limitations of the present results were also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Discrimination between schizophrenic and brain-damaged patients with the Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological Test Battery.

One of the major tests facing psychiatrists and mental health professionals is identifying psychiatric disorders which are caused by structural damage to the brain. Many psychological tests have frequently been used to do this, but extensive research has found most psychological tests to be ineffective in populations consisting of chronic schizophrenic patients. The present study evaluates the ability of a new test, based on the work of the Russian neuropsychologist, A. R. Luria, to discriminate between chronic schizophrenic and neurological patients. Results from earlier studies suggested that the battery is 88% effective in making these discriminations. The present study compared 50 schizophrenic and 50 neurological patients on the test battery. The results found that the Luria Neuropsychological Battery was extremely effective in making this discrimination, achieving an overall accuracy rate of 87%, far higher than the results reported for any psychological tests using a comparable population. Other advantages of the standardized Luria Neuropsychological Examination and its uses in psychiatric practice are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Predicting pain treatment results by personality variables in organic and functional patients.

Recent literature has suggested that the traditional dichotomy of organic vs. functional classification for pain patients is unimportant in determining the role of personality variables in predicting treatment outcome. The present study examined the role of MMPI variables in predicting treatment outcome in pain patients with definitive physical disorders (N = 58) (organic) and in patients without definitive physical findings (N = 46) (functional). In the organic group, the presence of high Hs was associated with poor outcome, while in the functional group K scores were associated with poor outcome. Results suggested that although personality variables played an equal role in both groups, the nature of that contribution may vary in the functional and organic groups.

Back Pain↗
PubMed1979

The diagnosis of brain-damage by the MMPI: a comprehensive evaluation.

A number of research studies have proposed various methods for using the MMPI to identify brain dysfunction. This previous research has taken one of three major approaches. The present study compared the major approaches in a population consisting of 30 schizophrenic, 30 brain-damaged and 30 hospitalized normal patients. The results indicated that the most effective diagnosis device was the use of the Sc scale alone or in conjunction with the remaining clinical scales and the F scale. None of the organic scales or keys were able to match the performance of the Sc scale alone. The poor results obtained bring into question the use of these scales in any other setting without an extensive research validation. An alternate method that might be used to employ the MMPI in the diagnosis of brain dysfunction was suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Prediction of neurosurgical results by psychological evaluation.

There has been an increasing interest in the role of personality factors in the outcome of medical treatment. The present study examined the role of personality measures in predicting the outcome of neurosurgery for patients with a well-documented disruption of one or more discs. Each of 15 male and 16 female patients whose average age was 40.8 yr. received the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory before surgery and received a follow-up at least one year after surgery or until a final, stable level of recovery was attained. A multiple correlation of .64 between the personality measures and treatment outcome suggested that even in cases with a well-documented need for surgery, psychological factors can play a major influence in the eventual outcome. Possible psychological interventions before surgery which might increase the likelihood of a good outcome are briefly outlined.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Relationship of age and education to performance on a standardized version of Luria's neuropsychological tests in different patient populations.

A.R. Luria, a Russian neuropsychologist, developed many qualitative bedside tests that have been effective in the diagnosis and localization of neurological disorders. Recently, a standardized and objectively-scored version of Luria's tests has been developed. Knowledge of the effects of patient age and education on neuro-psychological test performance has been found crucial in the neurodiagnostic decision-making process. The present study examined the effects of patient age(younger subjects between 20 and 40 years and older subjects between 50 and 70 years of age), education (grade school, high school, and post-high school), and diagnosis (normal, schizophrenic, brain damaged) on 14 standardized Luria measures. A weighted means analysis of variance found 11 significant age effects, 14 significant educational effects, and 14 significant effects diagnosis. One significant interaction was found between education and diagnosis, the results support the contention that with appropriate age and educational corrections, the standardized Luria battery would satisfy the need for a short, objectively scored, and diagnostically effective neuropsychological battery.

Adult↗