Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C J Gilleard

Publications and source records attributed to C J Gilleard.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The St. George's dementia bed investigation study: a comparison of clinical and pathological diagnosis.

Sixty-four elderly patients who had been admitted to the St. George's Hospital Alzheimer's disease evaluation project during 1981-1989 were followed up to postmortem examination. Comparison between clinical diagnoses and neuropathological diagnoses indicated positive predictive values for the antemortem diagnoses of 50-67%. Existing clinical criteria may not be accurate enough to permit firm antemortem diagnosis of older people for either research or clinical purposes.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Encoding preferences in memory in dementia.

Encoding preferences in memory were examined in 22 subjects with presumed dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), 22 subjects with presumed multi-infarct dementia (MID), and 19 elderly depressed subjects by means of multiple-choice recognition testing of memory for word lists where target words appeared in choice arrays amongst semantic, acoustic and unrelated distractor words. Performance was worse in dementia than in depression. Subjects with dementia tended to make many unrelated error choices, and in DAT this tendency was stronger in more impaired subjects; but there were no significant differences between groups in the proportions of different types of errors made.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Signal-detection analysis of nonverbal recognition memory in dementia.

A signal-detection analysis was applied to performance on two non-verbal recognition memory tasks for 21 subjects with presumed dementia of the Alzheimer type, 19 subjects with presumed multi-infarct dementia, and 19 elderly depressed subjects. Performance was best for the depressed and worst for the Alzheimer subjects. Response bias did not differ significantly among groups. Within the depressed group, more impaired and older subjects were more conservative on one test. Correlations suggested that the sensitivity and response-bias measures may depend on the type of material used and so have limited generality.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

A double-blind trial of essential fatty acid supplementation in patients with tardive dyskinesia.

This study reports the results of a trial of essential fatty acid (EFA) supplementation in psychiatric patients (predominantly schizophrenics) with movement disorders. Evidence of EFA deficiency in these patients was observed. The antidyskinetic effect of EFA supplementation was marginally significant but not clinically important. However, active treatment produced highly significant improvements in total psychopathology scores and schizophrenia subscale scores, and a significant improvement in memory.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1988

Data on DAT.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Socioeconomic development and the status of elderly men in Turkey: a test of modernization theory.

The aim of this study was to test the predictions of modernization theory concerning the relationship between socioeconomic development and the status of elderly men in Turkish society. Using data derived from Turkish provincial census returns for 1980 and related material, we performed a series of principal component (PC) regression analyses on the data. The results indicated that a greater proportion of elderly men were classified as "head of household" in provinces characterized by low levels of urbanization and industrialization and with high village populations. Labor force participation rates of elderly men also demonstrated a negative relationship to the modernization variables. In contrast, measures of educational and high-level employment status showed a positive relationship with these indexes. These latter variables may reflect historical processes of development and achievements gained earlier in life rather than the current status of elderly men in Turkey. Thus, the study provides strong support for the major tenets of modernization theory.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Senile dementia and parietal lobe dysfunction.

Two samples of patients suffering from senile dementia were administered the Kew tests for parietal lobe function and aphasia. No evidence emerged of any clinical heterogeneity; parietal lobe test performance was found to be more a function of degree of impairment rather than of age.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Influence of emotional distress among supporters on the outcome of psychogeriatric day care.

From a sample of consecutive referrals for psychogeriatric day care, the influence of the supporters' emotional distress and self-reported strain, together with the number of problems presented by the patient, was examined in relation to outcome, 6-7 months after initial attendance. A higher level of problems and the failure to achieve any reduction in reported distress were both found to contribute to the breakdown of community care and to the subsequent institutionalisation of the patient. Day hospital care was associated with a significant reduction in emotional distress for the majority of relatives, although for relatives whose distress was not alleviated by their dependents' attendance, admission to long-term care did produce such a reduction.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

A controlled trial of prostaglandin E1 precursor in chronic neuroleptic resistant schizophrenic patients.

The postulated deficiency of prostaglandin E1 series (PGE1) in schizophrenia has been investigated in a controlled therapeutic trial. Twenty-one inpatients with a schizophrenic illness resistant to neuroleptic drug treatments were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions in a blind controlled trial of dihomo-gammalinolenic acid (DHLA), a PGE1 precursor. Patients received depot neuroleptic medication and DHLA capsules, placebo depot medication and DHLA capsules, or placebo depot medication and placebo capsules. No marked treatment effects were noticed on ratings of the patients' behaviour or symptomatology, though some clinical effects were noted in dyskinetic patients. Abnormalities in red blood cell lipids were observed in the patients entering the trial, suggesting that further investigation of an EFA/prostaglandin deficiency hypothesis in schizophrenia is worth pursuing.

8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid↗
PubMed1986

Family attitudes to caring for the elderly mentally infirm at home.

Attitudes towards care-giving were examined in a sample of 129 supporters of elderly mentally infirm patients referred for psychogeriatric day care. As in previous studies, spouses felt more commitment to care-giving than other relatives. Commitment to care-giving was influenced by different factors in adult children and spouses, but consistently predicted subsequent decisions to institutionalize the dependant. Following institutionalization, most supporters felt relieved. They tended to perceive the decision to have been made by others, and to have resulted from a deterioration in their dependents' mental condition, rather than a failure of the care-giving relationship.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Estimation of premorbid intelligence in dementia.

Thirty elderly subjects with dementia were assessed using a neuropsychological test battery. Using four cognitive and behavioural measures of severity of dementia, no significant relationships between National Adult Reading Test (NART) or Mill Hill Vocabulary Scale synonym section (MHVS) scores and severity were observed. The NART and MHVS correlated with each other to a highly significant degree. No differences were observed on any of the measures when patients with Alzheimer's disease were compared with those adjudged to have multi-infarct dementia. These results are discussed in relation to the existing literature on the estimation of premorbid intelligence in dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Psychometric prediction of psychogeriatric day care outcome.

A comparison was made between sets of psychometric variables [the Clifton Assessment Procedures for the Elderly (CAPE)] and personal socio-demographic variables in predicting the outcome of psychogeriatric day care. Two groups of elderly patients referred for day care were investigated: 40 new admissions to a psychogeriatric day centre and 63 new admissions to psychogeriatric day hospitals. Discriminant function analysis was employed to compare the classification accuracy obtained from the personal socio-demographic variables and the CAPE psychometric data. The results demonstrated the incremental validity of the CAPE in predicting outcome of day care in both settings and support the routine use of such brief measures as appropriate screening procedures in these settings.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Mood, memory, and motor performance and the severity of tardive dyskinesia.

This study tested the hypothesis that the features of tardive dyskinesia were associated with motor slowing, memory impairment, and depressive apathy all of which are considered to characterize the so-called subcortical dementias. In a sample of 48 psychiatric patients all fulfilling research criteria for tardive dyskinesia and without other signs of organic illness age-independent correlations were observed between severity of orofacial dyskinesia and measures of memory, motor performance and mood providing some empirical support for the hypothesis.

Affect↗
PubMed1984

Changes in hypnotic usage in residential homes for the elderly: a longitudinal study.

The use of hypnotic drugs in 25 local authority homes for the elderly was recorded on a 1-day point prevalence study following a 6-mth monitoring programme involving all new admissions. From a total population of 1114 residents 390 (35%) were taking hypnotics on the night of the survey, showing a slight increase from similar surveys carried out in 1980 and 1981. The proportion of residents receiving hypnotics within each home varied from 0.0 to 61.8%. Correlation with levels of usage in the previous surveys was low, suggesting that pattern of hypnotic usage may change considerably over time within individual homes. Of the 156 residents who were admitted as permanent residents during the 6-mth period preceding the survey, 56 (35.9%) had been taking hypnotics on admission. Both the results of the drug monitoring programme and the survey show an association between hypnotic usage and source of admission: residents admitted from hospital being more likely to be taking sleeping tablets. A considerable change was found in the type of hypnotic currently prescribed with an increased preference being shown for short half-life hypnotics. A higher proportion of residents also were prescribed lower doses of hypnotics than previously, suggesting an increased awareness of the risks associated with hypnotic use in the elderly.

Aged↗