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C J Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to C J Cooper.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Health characteristics by longest held occupation and industry of employment: United States, 1980.

Occupational and industrial hazards are unevenly distributed in the workplace. National estimates for selected health indices of persons aged 17 years and over in the civilian noninstitutionalized population are presented for categories of longest held occupation and industry of employment. These estimates were based on data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) in the 1980 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the Occupational Supplement, the first survey to collect data on longest held, in addition to current, occupation and industry of employment. Data on length of longest held job, limitation of activity, disability days, incidence of acute conditions, persons injured, hospitalizations, and utilization of medical and dental services are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Routine helical CT of the abdomen: image quality considerations.

PURPOSE: Both helical and nonhelical abdominal computed tomographic (CT) scans were obtained to compare image quality, study the effect of patient size and collimation, and compare the frequency of visualization of normal abdominal structures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 60 consecutive patients with clinically suspected metastatic malignancy. RESULTS: Both helical and nonhelical image quality was excellent, with equal mean image quality scores of 4.1 on a 5-point scale. In patients weighing more than 175 lb (79 kg), both helical and nonhelical image quality degraded equally when 5-mm collimation was used; 10-mm collimation resulted in excellent image quality, regardless of patient size. Small in-plane structures (eg, renal arteries, renal veins, pancreatic duct) were seen best on helical scans. With the addition of retrospectively reconstructed overlapping images, improvement in visualization of these structures was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Helical CT scanning should be the preferred means of acquiring routine abdominal CT images.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

Helical (spiral) CT of the abdomen.

Since its clinical introduction in the mid 1970s, techniques for CT have undergone many changes that have dramatically altered how CT scans are obtained. Helical (spiral) CT allows for faster acquisition of truly volumetric CT data than is possible with conventional scanners. Routine helical CT of the abdomen is now possible because of three major technical refinements: the development of the slip-ring gantry, improved detector efficiency, and greater tube cooling capability. This article reviews the technical principles that govern helical CT, the potential advantages and disadvantages of this technique, and initial clinical experience with helical CT of the abdomen.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Hemispheric differences in the rates of information processing for simple non-verbal stimuli.

An inspection time task, used to gauge differences in speed of information processing between the hemispheres, was administered to 22 normal subjects. It was found that the left visual field-right hemisphere (LVF-RH) exhibited an inferior performance relative to the right visual field-left hemisphere (RVF-LH). These results were consistent with other studies which have found an RVF-LH advantage for the processing of temporal/serial information. The possible ramifications of these results for models of asymmetry which do and do not attribute the left hemisphere's preferential capacity for language to these fundamental processes are then discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Gallstone lithotripsy: results when number of stones is excluded as a criterion for treatment.

The Siemens Lithostar Plus protocol (Siemens Medical Systems, Iselin, NJ) allows investigators to perform gallstone lithotripsy on patients regardless of the number of stones they have, provided the stones occupy less than 50% of the gallbladder lumen. The purpose of this study was to determine the interrelationships between stone burden, fragmentation response, and stone-free rates when treatment is not limited to three stones or fewer. Of 200 patients initially examined, 80 (40%) underwent lithotripsy. The mean number of treatments per patient was 2.1, and the mean number of shock waves per patient was 7386. In 60 patients in whom 6-month follow-up was available, the overall stone-free rate, based on actual results, was 32% (19/60). The stone-free rates for solitary stones, two or three stones, and four or more stones were 50%, 12%, and 26%, respectively. Regardless of number of stones, patients who ultimately became stone free had significantly smaller mean fragment size (0.25 cm) 2 weeks after lithotripsy than did those who did not become stone free (0.51 cm). Retrospective volume analysis showed that seven (47%) of 15 patients with multiple stones occupying less than 2000 mm3 were stone free; none became stone free when this volume was exceeded. Lithotripsy remains a practical option for patients with solitary stones. Comparable stone-free rates to those achieved for solitary stones can be obtained in patients with multiple stones, regardless of their number, provided treatment is aggressive and the stone aggregate is less than 2000 mm3.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Relationship between stone motion, targeting, and fragmentation during experimental biliary lithotripsy.

In vitro experiments in an anthropomorphic phantom were performed to clarify the relationship between stone motion, targeting, and fragmentation. Stone motion was minimized by pinning the stone against the dependent wall of a mock gallbladder cavity during shock wave treatment. Fragmentation was most effective (probably due to increased cavitation effects) when the shock wave traversed fluid at the point of its impact with a stone. The results suggest that treatment with the patient in the supine or oblique position may produce a better outcome than treatment in the prone position. Buoyant stones exhibited the greatest motion, which was often to-and-fro in nature. Although restricting the size of the mock gallbladder cavity reduced stone motion, maintaining a 1-cm fluid path was beneficial for achieving optimal pulverization.

Cholelithiasis↗
PubMed1990

Cavitation effects during lithotripsy. Part II. Clinical observations.

Cavitation effects during biliary lithotripsy can produce sonographically visible microbubbles. The relationship between microbubble formation and clinical outcome of gallstone lithotripsy performed with a commercial lithotriptor was studied in 50 treatments in 29 patients. Microbubble formation in bile was a useful predictor of successful stone fragmentation in 31 of 34 treatments. Microbubble formation in the liver correlated with transient hepatocellular damage (as indicated by a twofold rise in serum transaminase levels) immediately after seven of 10 treatments. Advancing the focal volume of the lithotroptor deeper into the patient (placing the stone at the proximal point of the focal zone) may be a useful strategy for reducing hepatic cavitation effects, which appear to be responsible for temporary hepatocellular damage.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Health characteristics by occupation and industry of longest employment.

Includes estimates on length of longest job held, limitation of activity, disability days, incidence of acute conditions, persons injured, hospitalizations, and utilization of medical and dental services of persons aged 17 years and over in the civilian noninstitutionalized population. These estimates are presented by occupation and industry of longest employment for those who had ever worked. Estimates are based on data collected in the National Health Interview Survey of 1980.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1988

The relation between degree of blood pressure reduction and mortality among hypertensives in the Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Program.

The relation between degree of diastolic blood pressure reduction and mortality was examined among hypertensive persons in the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program. This program, conducted from 1973-1979, was a multicenter community-based trial, which followed 10,940 hypertensive participants for five years. The one-year annual visit was the first occasion on which change in blood pressure could be measured on all participants. During the subsequent four years of follow-up on 10,053 participants, 568 deaths occurred. With time-dependent life tables and time-dependent Cox life table regression analyses, the existence of a quadratic function which modeled the relation between diastolic blood pressure reduction and mortality was supported, even after adjusting for other risk factors. The minimum mortality hazard ratio, based on a particular model, occurred at a diastolic blood pressure reduction of 26.2 mmHg (standard error = 13.4) in the whole population and 10.0 mmHg (standard error = 5.3) in the baseline diastolic blood pressure stratum 90-104 mmHg. After this reduction, there was a small increase in the risk of death. There was no evidence of the quadratic function after fitting the same model with systolic blood pressure. Methodological issues involved in studying a particular degree of blood pressure reduction were considered. The confidence interval around the change corresponding to the minimum hazard ratio was wide, and the obtained blood pressure level should not be interpreted as a goal for treatment. Blood pressure reduction was attributed not only to pharmacologic therapy but also to regression to the mean, and to other factors unrelated to treatment.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1988

Sonography of the low transverse incision, cesarean section: a prospective study.

Using sonography, the uterine incision site was prospectively studied in 36 asymptomatic patients, two days after cesarean section. The findings were compared with those seen in 21 symptomatic, postcesarean patients. In the asymptomatic patients, the incision site was visualized as an oval symmetric region of distinct echogenicity interposed between the lower uterine segment and the posterior wall of the urinary bladder. In eight of the 36 asymptomatic patients, a small (less than 1.5 cm) round hypoechoic mass was present in or adjacent to the uterine incision and distinct from the normal incision. These probably represented insignificant hematomas. Of the 21 symptomatic patients, 17 had either a subfascial hematoma, a bladder-flap hematoma, or endometritis. Two were sonographically normal, and one showed a hematoma in the paracolic gutter. In the remaining patient, there was a 5-mm asymmetrically placed hypoechoic mass representing an insignificant hematoma. Significant bladder-flap hematomas were characteristically round, greater than 2 cm masses asymmetrically placed in or adjacent to the uterine incision. Using sonography, the normal appearance of the lower uterine incision can be distinguished from significant hematomas.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1980

Two-compartment Markov regression analysis.

This paper presents a computer program for estimating transition rates between states in a two-compartment Markov process, where the rates are functions of covariates. Parameters are estimated by the method of maximum likelihood using the Newton-Raphson iterative procedure. The program provides statistics for testing hypotheses concerning regression coefficients and calculates observed versus expected values in order to assess the fit of the model to the data.

Age Factors↗