Relationship between experienced control and domiciles of elderly persons.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
C J Camp
Publications and source records attributed to C J Camp.
Equine complement activation as a mechanism for equine neutrophil migration in Onchocerca cervicalis infections.
Extracts of Onchocerca cervicalis, an equine parasite, were incubated with radiolabeled equine neutrophils and neutrophil migration was assessed for factors derived from the parasite itself or for host-derived factors after incubation of these same parasite extracts with equine serum. No stimulus for cell migration was observed in saline extracts of adult worms, uterine microfilariae, or skin microfilariae at any dosage tested. However, after incubation of saline extracts with fresh normal equine sera a marked stimulus for neutrophil migration was observed. Ablation of this biologic activity was noted if equine serum had been pretreated with 10 mM EDTA or heated at 50 and 56 degrees C for 30 min. However, if equine serum was treated with 10 mM EGTA, made 10 mM with respect to Mg2+ ions, no reduction in neutrophil migration was noted, thereby suggesting that the equine alternative complement pathway was the means of generating the serum-derived neutrophil migration stimulus. Preliminary gel filtration of the activated equine serum suggested that although there was a neutrophil stimulus associated with a C5a-like molecule, other complement or serum components could be involved.
Animals↗
A comparison of various strength of association measures commonly used in gerontological research.
An increased usage of measures of strength of association or effect size (ES) has been noted in the gerontological literature. Potential confusion could be generated by the fact that different researchers have reported different measures of ES from study to study. This paper involves a comparison of six ES measures commonly used by gerontological researchers as these measures relate to one another in both the analysis of variance and multiple regression models. Three other issues involving ES measures are discussed: (1) the ES of a contrast; (2) orthogonal and nonorthogonal designs; (3) partial Ess.
Age Factors↗
Chemokinetic factors obtained from the larval stage of the cestode, Taenia taeniaeformis.
Saline extracts of the metacestodes of Taenia taeniaeformis were shown to have chemokinetic as well as chemotactic activity for equine polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Although parasite derived chemotactic activity could be appreciated at high protein inputs, such leucotactic activity was quickly lost upon dilution. In contrast chemokinetic activity was readily observed in saline extracts over a much broader range of protein inputs. Utilizing the Zigmond-Hirsch checkerboard assay the chemokinetic properties in the saline extracts were more pronounced when chemokinetic factors were loaded into the cell compartment of the chemotactic chambers only. Mild heat treatment or storage at 4 degrees C resulted in little destruction of the chemokinetic factors. However six cycles of rapid freezing and thawing generated marked increases in chemokinetic activity and not chemotactic activity. The results of this work provide for the first time evidence of parasite derived chemokinetic factors.
Animals↗
Necker cube reversals in young, middle-aged, and elderly females.
This research dealt with the reversing Necker cube illusion and its relationship to age in healthy, community-dwelling female adults. 36 respondents representing three age groups (20-39, 40-59, and 61-80 yr.) were tested. Age was unrelated to experiencing the Necker cube illusion contrary to predictions based on previous research and stimulus persistence theory. The role of sampling effects in gerontological research outcomes is discussed.
Adult↗
Adult epiglottitis, cellulitis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia.
Described is an adult with acute epiglottitis, cellulitis of the neck and chest, and Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia. Although this syndrome is usually associated with Haemophilus influenzae type b, this case illustrates that in adults a similar syndrome can be produced by S. pneumoniae. The failure to determine an etiologic agent in approximately two thirds of reported adult cases of epiglottitis raises the question as to whether S. pneumoniae, a common adult respiratory pathogen, might fill this etiological void. To establish such an association between S. pneumoniae and acute epiglottitis would be further impetus to immunize patients against S. pneumoniae.
Aged↗
Disseminated histoplasmosis and asplenia.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Chemotaxis of radiolabeled equine neutrophils.
A method for the isolation of equine neutrophils was developed using metrizamide cushions. A purity of greater than 95% was routinely obtained with greater than 90% viability. These cells were radiolabeled and tested for their chemotactic response in Boyden chambers to zymosan-activated equine serum, the partially purified equine complement component C5a, and formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine. The time and ionic requirements for chemotaxis of radiolabeled equine neutrophils were investigated and maximal movement was observed at 2 hours' incubation and 1.0 mM Ca and 0.5 mM Mg. Dinitrophenol in a concentration range of 10(-2) to 10(-6) M also inhibited cell movement. A Zigmond-Hirsch checkerboard assay demonstrated the pronounced chemotactic activity of zymosan-activated equine serum and the partially purified equine C5a. The equine neutrophil did not respond to formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine.
Animals↗
Nonrandom assignment and the analysis of covariance in aging research.
A technique developed initially by Overall and Woodward for using nonrandom assignment in ANCOVA is reviewed. Though such a technique produces unbiased measures of treatment effects, this is only true when the assumptions of ANCOVA have been met and when group assignment is based on covariate scores. Limitations and potential applications for such a technique in gerontological research are reviewed.
Aged↗
The use of fact retrieval vs. inference in young and elderly adults.
The relationship between age and utilization of fact retrieval versus inferential question-answering processes was examined. Four groups of participants were used (n = 10; N = 40), representing a 2 x 2 stratification of age (24 to 31 vs. 65 to 76) and information available for question-answering (high vs. low). Two experimental tasks, introspection and choice reaction time, were used. In both tasks, older adults engaged in more inferential processing than younger adults, although this difference was statistically significant in the reaction time task alone. These results were discussed in terms of a possible advanced stage of cognitive development or a reaction to internalized negative stereotypes about memory loss.
Adult↗
Mitochondria DNA synthesis in oocytes of Xenopus laevis.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Maintenance and generalization of mnemonics for grocery shopping by older adults.
This study was designed to assess the impact and generalization of mnemonics training in older adults. We attempted to maximize the task's ecological validity and the motivation of participants. Ten older adults were initially tested in a standard free recall task. All participants were next trained to use the method of loci. This technique was then used to remember a grocery list while purchasing groceries. Four weeks later, a second grocery shopping test was conducted. After another four weeks, a second free recall test was given. Participants' memory performance was recorded in each activity and they reported mnemonic strategies they had used. Participants exhibited near perfect performance in the grocery shopping tasks, but many modified their strategies before the second shopping session. Participants who did not modify their strategies were more likely to exhibit long term maintenance of training (retention of strategy and improved performance) in the final free recall task. Factors associated with changes in a training program's impact over time, and the need to survey participants' reported strategy utilization, are discussed.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Signal detection analysis of recognition memory in depressed elderly.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of late-life depression to memory complaint and objective performance in a recognition memory task. Fifty-seven individuals between the ages of 58 and 88 were evaluated for depression using the Beck Depression Inventory (short form). They were then shown two stimulus lists, each consisting of high-imagery and low-imagery words. Recognition for these words was subsequently tested. Error rates and nonparametric signal detection measures were analyzed as indices of performance. Respondents gave global self-assessments of memory and, during the recognition task, also made self-ratings of performance. Depressed individuals showed more conservative response biases than nondepressed respondents, reflected in a higher false-negative error rate but a lower false-positive rate. Neither overall memory sensitivity as assessed by signal detection analysis nor self-ratings of performance were related to depression, though global memory self-ratings were. Elderly depressed individuals thus presented a pattern of greater memory complaint and unwillingness to venture responses in spite of showing small or no information-processing deficits.
Aged↗
Beliefs about fact retrieval and inferential reasoning across the adult lifespan.
This study deals with beliefs about question-answering processes involving "world knowledge" utilized by young, middle aged, and older adults. Questions intended to induce either fact retrieval or inferential reasoning were shown to younger (n = 37), middle aged (n = 37) and older (n = 37) adults in both a multiple choice and true/false format. Increasing age level was not related to decreased confidence in either fact retrieval or inferential reasoning. Global assessments about these question-answering processes involving "people in general" and self evaluations were taken from the same individuals. In contrast to personal confidence ratings, adults of all ages generally believed in declining fact retrieval abilities in old age. Inferential reasoning, however, often was believed to remain stable or even increase in ability level with increasing age. This was especially true in the assessments generated by older adults and in self evaluations. Thus, negative global beliefs about memory and aging may be present even when such global beliefs contradict item-specific judgments and personal beliefs about one's own cognition.
Aging↗
Factorial invariance issues in the study of adult personality: an example using Levenson's locus of control scale.
Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine factorial invariance across young, middle-aged, and elderly age groups, using Levenson's multidimensional locus of control (LoC) scale, which measures beliefs in Internal Control (I), Control by Powerful Others (P), and Chinese (C). Data were obtained from 563 individuals ranging in age from 25 years to 75 years of age who resided in Southeastern Louisiana. Results indicated that Levenson's 3-factor conceptualization of control was not a valid representation of the samples' responses. A model that specified the elimination of 17 unreliable items and the formation of both an internal and an external control factor that was based on the seven remaining I and P items provided an adequate fit to the data for the three age groups, though when additional constraints were specified, factorial invariance was not demonstrated. The 7-item I and P factor model generated a pattern of relationships with other measures which was similar to the pattern found if all items of the I and P scales were used.
Adult↗
Memory training in normal and demented elderly populations: the E-I-E-I-O model.
An heuristic classification scheme for memory interventions is described as a 2 x 2 matrix. One dimension of the matrix addresses the use of internal versus external mnemonics, and the other dimension addresses the use of explicit (effortful/conscious) versus implicit (automatic/unconscious) learning. Most attempts at memory interventions in normal older populations, such as the use of mental imagery, fall within the explicit-internal cell of the matrix and require expenditure of large amounts of cognitive effort. As a result, memory interventions in normal older populations, even when "successful," usually produce results that are limited in their generalization and are usually not maintained over time. Such interventions are rarely attempted in demented populations. Interventions are described that require less effort and are representative of other cells in the classification matrix. These may be more effective for demented and normal elders. Information acquired through these alternative means may eventually be stored internally and become consciously available, often producing an "O!" or "aha" experience when the individual realizes a shift to internal, consciously available storage has taken place.
Aged↗