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Biomedical subjects

C I Smith

Publications and source records attributed to C I Smith.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Development of a serologically complete IgA deficiency in a patient with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia.

A male with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia had subnormal but detectable IgA levels (0.2-0.4 g/l). During a period of 1 yr his serum IgA decreased below the detection level to less than 1/10(5) of the original concentration. Serum IgG and IgM were both low but remained constant during the follow-up time. In serum samples lacking IgA, anti-IgA antibodies of the IgG1 subclass were found. His B lymphocytes had a low but detectable capacity to secrete IgA in coculture experiments with purified T cells from healthy donors.

Agammaglobulinemia↗
PubMed1985

Intravenous immunoglobulin in pregnancy.

A woman with variable hypogammaglobulinemia was treated with an intravenous immunoglobulin preparation during pregnancy. The immunoglobulin G1, 2, and 3 subclasses were all transferred to the fetus.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Alterations in adenylate cyclase activity due to streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy.

The effect of chronic experimental diabetes on the adenylate cyclase system (AC) in the rat heart was investigated. Rats were made diabetic by an intravenous injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg), hearts were removed 8 weeks later and washed cell particles were isolated. AC activity was measured in the absence and presence of different concentrations of forskolin, NaF, GTP analogue [Gpp(NH)p] or epinephrine. A significant depression in the epinephrine stimulated AC activity was observed in diabetic hearts. Basal AC activity and stimulation of AC with forskolin, NaF and Gpp(NH)p were not significantly different between control and diabetic preparations. These results indicate no apparent alterations in the regulatory or catalytic properties of AC in hearts from chronic diabetic rats. The observed depression in epinephrine stimulated AC activity may account for the depressed inotropic action of catecholamines in the diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1984

Lack of IgG in a healthy adult: a rare case of dysgammaglobulinemia with undetectable serum IgG, IgA2, and IgE.

No IgG of any subclass could be detected in the serum of a normal healthy male adult (E.E.) who had no recent history of repeated infections. Markedly increased concentrations of both IgM and IgA were present although no IgA2 nor IgE could be demonstrated. No anti-immunoglobulin antibodies were present in the serum; when used as supplement in in vitro cultures, the serum supported differentiation of IgG-producing cells to an equal extent as that of normal serum. No cells with surface or intracellular IgG were found in the peripheral blood although low numbers of IgG-secreting cells could be induced in vitro after mitogen stimulation. No increase in suppressor cell activity was found in cocultivation experiments. T-Cell-enriched populations from E.E. were poor inducers of immunoglobulin synthesis in allogeneic B cells, and B-cell-enriched populations from E.E. could not be triggered to synthesize IgG with the aid of allogeneic T cells. Thus, it seems that lack of IgG does not necessarily lead to a highly increased susceptibility to bacterial infections.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Subclass distribution of human anti-Staphylococcus aureus alpha toxin antibodies: suggestion of an IgG1, IgA1, IgG4 switch pattern.

The subclass distribution of antibodies against alpha toxin from Staphylococcus aureus in man was investigated. Antibodies were restricted to IgG1, IgA1, and IgG4 and appeared to develop sequentially. These data suggest a distinct pattern of class and subclass switches in response to protein antigens. However, studies in immunodeficient (class- or subclass-deficient) donors show that the proposed patterns is not obligatory.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1984

HLA antigens in selective IgA deficiency: distribution in healthy donors and patients with recurrent respiratory tract infections.

HLA-A, B, C and DR typing was performed in healthy IgA deficient donors and in IgA deficient patients with recurrent respiratory tract infections. In healthy donors, a strong association with HLA B8 and DR3 was observed. In the patient group however, no statistically significant association with these antigens could be found. In contrast, an increased frequency of HLA B40 was noted. The preference for HLA B8/DR3 in healthy donors could not be attributed to higher levels of serum immunoglobulins since no major differences in the concentrations of IgM, IgG or the IgG subclasses were seen between the two groups.

Dysgammaglobulinemia↗
PubMed1984

Immunologic evaluation of T chronic lymphocyte leukaemia cells in a patient with a concomitant IgA2 myeloma.

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from a patient with OKT3, OKT4, OKT17 positive T CLL and a concomitant IgA2/lambda myeloma were found to be suppressive in cocultivation experiments and after in vitro preactivation . Although chromosomal analysis after stimulation with T or B cell mitogens suggested a common origin of the two malignancies, T cells did not carry structures recognized by an anti-idiotypic antiserum raised against the purified M-component. Only Fc mu receptors were found on the T cells with conventional rosetting assays, although a weak binding of Latex particles coated with the purified IgA M-component could occasionally be recorded. When purified T cells were submitted to FACS-analysis after incubation with the FITC-conjugated purified M-component, two subsets could easily be distinguished in normal T cells, whereas only the high affinity-binding subset could be found in the patient.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

IgA subclass distribution in paraproteinemias: suggestion of an IgG-IgA subclass switch pattern.

IgA subclass distribution in the serum of 40 patients with IgA multiple myeloma and 10 patients with benign monoclonal gammopathy of the IgA class was determined. All were found to be of the IgA 1 subclass. A review of the literature shows a marked predominance (93%) of IgA 1 paraproteins, suggesting an under-representation of IgA2 myelomas. The subclass pattern in 11 double paraproteinemias studied and those previously reported in the literature suggest a pattern of IgG1 - IgA1, IgA1 - IgG4 and possibly also IgG2 - IgA2 switches in malignant cells.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Gm allotypes in Finnish myasthenia gravis patients.

Gm phenotype G1m 1,2, and 3 frequencies were examined in 103 Finnish myasthenia gravis patients. There were no significant differences as compared with the expected frequency, either in the total material or when patients were subdivided according to sex, age of onset of disease, thymus pathology, or presence of HLA-B8. However, individuals with Gm(+1) had a significantly higher concentration of antibodies against acetylcholine receptor, possibly indicating a correlation with severity of disease.

Female↗
PubMed1984

IgG subclass distribution of myasthenia gravis thymoma-associated antiskeletal muscle antibodies.

Myasthenia gravis patients with thymoma often have serum antibodies directed against human skeletal muscle. We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to investigate the subclass distribution of these antibodies. Five thymoma patients all had IgG4 antibodies, whereas a patient who developed myasthenia gravis after bone-marrow transplantation had only IgG1 antibodies. The data suggest that IgG1 is the first subclass to appear in the autoantibody response against skeletal muscle.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1984

Survival in chronic hepatitis B. An analysis of 379 patients.

Survival data from 379 patients with chronic hepatitis B were analyzed to determine life expectancy for the patient from the time of first contact. One hundred twenty-one patients had chronic persistent hepatitis, 128 had chronic active hepatitis, and 130 had chronic active hepatitis with cirrhosis. The frequency of symptoms (p less than 0.001), stigmata of chronic liver disease (p less than 0.001), and liver function test abnormalities (p less than 0.001) increased as the histologic features worsened, whereas the percentage of patients with circulating hepatitis B DNA polymerase declined (p less than 0.001). Women were uncommon in our series and had less severe disease than men (p less than 0.02). Fifty-one patients had died by the time of this analysis. The estimated 5-year survival rates were 97% for patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, 86% for those with chronic active hepatitis, and 55% for those with chronic active hepatitis with cirrhosis. The usual cause of death was liver failure and its sequelae. A multivariate analysis found age of 40 years or more, total bilirubin level of 1.5 mg/dL or more, ascites, and spider nevi to be factors that identified patients at a higher risk of death. The prognosis for patients with chronic hepatitis B is similar to that for patients with chronic hepatitis of other causes.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

IgG subclass distribution of antibodies against S. aureus teichoic acid and alpha-toxin in normal and immunodeficient donors.

IgM, IgG, IgA and IgE class and IgG and IgA subclass levels were determined in 18 IgG2 deficient and six IgG3 deficient donors. IgG2 deficiency was associated with concomitant IgG4, IgA (in particular IgA2) and IgE deficiency. This pattern is compatible with a regulation defect of the downstream switch in the heavy chain locus on chromosome 14. IgG3 subclass deficiency was not associated with further deficiencies. Specific anti-teichoic acid antibodies were lacking in most IgG2 deficient donors supporting the notion that anti-teichoic acid antibodies are normally of this subclass. This was also confirmed in a subclass-specific ELISA using sera from normal donors although substantial amounts of specific IgG1 antibodies were also noted. Two IgG2 deficient donors had normal IgG titres (IgG1 in the subclass specific ELISA) and the lack of IgG1 anti-teichoic acid antibodies in most IgG2 deficient donors may suggest a lack of maturation of the appropriate idiotype. IgG antibodies to alpha-toxin, a pure protein, were within the lower normal range in a large proportion of IgG2 deficient donors but largely normal in the IgG3 deficient donors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Plasma anti-pneumococcal antibody activity of the IgG class and subclasses in otitis prone children.

Plasma anti-pneumococcal polysaccharide antibody activity (serotypes 3, 6a and 23) was determined in samples from 15 otitis prone children, at 30 months of age, and compared with age matched control children and adults. A recently developed enzyme immunoassay, using IgG subclass specific monoclonal antibodies for analysis of pneumococcal antibody activity of different IgG subclasses was employed. Adult sera always contained the highest antibody concentrations, almost exclusively of the IgG2 subclass. Children, on the other hand, had higher amounts of IgG1, significantly exceeding those of the adults, healthy children having higher IgG1, as well as IgG2 values than otitis prone children. The most significant differences were seen with type 6a, less so with type 23 antibodies. No differences in IgG1 anti-type 3 pneumococcal activity were observed between the children and the adults. These findings support the concept that pneumococcal antibody activity is confined to IgG2 and, in addition, it was found that sera from children contain antibodies of both IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Chromosomal aberrations in a case of T-cell CLL with concomitant IgA myeloma.

Four consistent markers, involving chromosomes 8, 11, 14, 18, 21 and 22, were found in the majority of metaphases obtained after stimulation of peripheral blood and bone marrow from a patient with a T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and a concomitant IgA/lambda myeloma with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), lipopolysaccharide of E. coli (LPS) and S. aureus strain Cowan I bacteria (Cowan). A second malignant clone with three additional markers was observed after stimulation with Concanavalin A (Con A). A chromosome 14 aberration, inv(14) (q11-q32), may be of significance in the T-cell malignancy and may suggest a common clonal origin of the two tumors.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Prodromal acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Australian homosexual men.

The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first reported in 1981 in homosexual men. Since then, it has shown an alarming increase in frequency. The syndrome has now been described in other population groups as well, in particular in persons with haemophilia who are exposed to frequent parenteral injections of blood or blood products, and in sexual contacts of those in at-risk groups. This report deals with two cases of this syndrome which occurred in homosexual men residing in Sydney. These cases are among the first reported in Australia, but, undoubtedly, many more will be forthcoming. Both patients have a profound defect in cellular immunity. The cause of this condition remains a mystery, although viral infection has been suggested. Therapeutic approaches have not yet been established. Clinicians and laboratory workers should be aware that this condition is now present in Australia, and should take appropriate precautions to avoid infection and to limit its spread.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗