Biomedical subjects

C Huber

Publications and source records attributed to C Huber.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources

PubMed1982

[Density distribution of human lymphocytes. II. Distribution patterns of malignant lymphocytes and their prognostic significance in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of density distribution profiles in non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Density profiles were evaluated by equilibrium centrifugation on linear polysucrose-metrizoat gradients. Biopsy cells from 44 untreated non-Hodgkin lymphomas in advanced stages according to their density patterns could be classified into one of two distinct groups: Group A lymphomas exhibited high to intermediate densities and resembled normal resting B or T lymphocytes; they showed low spontaneous proliferation and favourable histologies. Group B lymphomas exhibited light densities, resembling activated lymphocytes and frequently revealed high spontaneous proliferation and unfavourable histology. Within a minimal time of observation of 40 months only 28% of the group A but 75% of the Group B lymphomas died. Simultaneously performed surface marker studies excluded the possibility that variable proportions of normal lymphocytes contaminating the lymphoma suspensions are responsible for the two density groups. They rather suggested that these patterns reflect the individual capacity of a lymphoma to differentiate into denser tumour clones with low spontaneous proliferation. We therefore conclude that analyses of density profiles from non-Hodgkin lymphomas represenmts a promising method for the prognostic classification of this disease.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

[Corneal Endothelial changes after insertion of iridocapsular (Two-loop) lenses (author's transl)].

The corneal endothelial damage in extracapsular extraction and insertion of a two-loop lens (Binkhorst) using the deep chamber technique was investigated by specular microscopy. The endothelial cell loss in 25 patients was 15%. During a mean postoperative period of 15 months a further endothelial cell loss of 5% occurred. The effect of a direct contact between an intraocular lens and the corneal endothelium is demonstrated by a case of luxation of a two-loop lens into the anterior chamber.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

Complement-dependent lymphocytotoxic antibodies (CLA) in systemic lupus erythematosus preferentially inhibit the generation of alloreactive cytotoxic T cells in secondary CML.

Complement-dependent lymphocytotoxic autoantibodies (CLA) are invariably present in sera of patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aimed to test for the influence of such antibodies on the in vitro generation of human alloantigen reactive proliferative and cytotoxic T cell responses. Unsensitized or alloantigen primed memory cells were pre-treated with CLA in the presence or absence of complement. Following stimulation of the remaining cells with allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclears, the proliferative and cytotoxic capacity was evaluated. Results indicated that only pre-treatment with CLA and complement influenced these reactions whereas in the absence of complement antibodies were totally ineffective. Pre-treatment of unsensitized precursor cells reduced and delayed both proliferative and cytotoxic reactivity; in contrast, pre-treatment of memory cells exclusively reduced cellular cytotoxicity. It thus appears that such SLE associated autoantibodies in the presence of complement are capable of modifying the balance between different subsets of alloreactive T cells.

Autoantibodies↗

PubMed1982

[Cellular interactions during immune response (author's transl)].

This review article aims to briefly summarize some of the more recent findings concerning the mechanism of immune responses. First, some properties of the various and functionally differently specialized subpopulations of lymphoid cells are discussed. Secondly, findings concerning the crucial role of the interaction between lymphocytes and cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system during immune responses as well as the significance of HLA-DR antigens in the genetic control of this cooperation are reviewed. Third, the crucial role of immuno-regulatory lymphocytes and of certain autoantibodies such as anti-idiotypes and natural lymphocytotoxins in the control of immune responses are discussed. The fourth aspect of this article concerns the mechanism and the HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C antigen mediated genetic control of the elimination of altered self structures by cytotoxic lymphocytes.

Antibody Formation↗

PubMed1982

[Pteridine secretion as a marker for the proliferation of alloantigen-induced lymphocytes (author's transl)].

Pteridine levels from supernatants of mixed lymphocyte cultures and from urinary samples of allogeneic kidney transplant recipients were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Marked proliferation of alloreactive lymphocytes was paralleled by an increased release of pteridines. In human allograft recipients rejection episodes were preceded at least 1-2 days by increased urinary neopterin levels. Thus, the urinary neopterin estimation is useful in the early detection of immunological rejections.

Cells, Cultured↗

PubMed1982

Prognostic significance of lymphocyte density distribution profiles in adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

Biopsy material from 24 adults with advanced stages of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) were examined for the distribution profiles of infiltrating cells following centrifugation to equilibrium on linear density gradients. Seven of these biopsies were predominantly composed of cells with high buoyant densities and 9 further biopsies predominantly of cells with intermediate buoyant densities. Both patterns were associated with favorable histologic features and with low proliferation of lymphoma cells. Intensive polychemotherapy was rarely required to achieve long-lasting disease control; in both groups, only 28% of patients died within a minimal observation period of 40 mo. In 8 biopsies, a predominance of light lymphoma cells was observed. This pattern was frequently associated with unfavorable histology and with high spontaneous tumor cell proliferation. Despite intensive polychemotherapy, rapid disease progression occurred in all cases, leading to death in 75% of the patients within a minimal observation period of 40 mo. Surface marker studies excluded the hypothesis that only the variable proportions of normal lymphocytes contaminating the lymphoma suspensions were responsible for the differences in the density distribution patterns described above; they rather suggested that these patterns reflect the individual capacity of a lymphoma to differentiate into dense tumor clones with low spontaneous proliferation.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Myopic astigmatism a substitute for accommodation in pseudophakia.

The power of an intraocular lens can be calculated before surgery to make the eye emmetropic or ametropic. The physiological mechanism of accommodation however, cannot be restored with an inelastic lens. An increased depth of focus in the implanted eye can be predicted through optical principles alone, if the postoperative ametropia of the implanted eye is a simple myopic astigmatism. This increased depth of focus without accommodation was tested in artificial ametropia and found to be used in nature by the seal. To increase the precision of intraocular lens calculation the average change in corneal power induced at surgery is used to predict the postoperative corneal power. By controlled suture release in the postoperative phase, the amount of induced corneal astigmatism is adjusted to obtain a simple myopic astigmatism. Patients with an intraocular lens and a simple myopic astigmatism as a residual ametropia, are spectacle independent most of the time. They need their glasses only for driving or prolonged reading. The methods used to calculate the postoperative cornea, the postoperative anterior chamber depth and the intraocular lens are described with the corresponding calculator programs for the HP 41C calculator. Clinical results and measurements of the depth of focus are shown in a series of 50 successive implant cases.

Accommodation, Ocular↗

PubMed1981

Macrophages in the regulation of immunity.

According to the classical view macrophages are prone to ingest and to destruct antigens and intracellular pathogens. More recently it became apparent that macrophages, besides their phagocytic capacities, are involved in the activation and regulation of lymphocyte functions. This article aims to summarize some recent findings on the role of macrophages during the afferent phase of immune responses.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

Planned myopic astigmatism as a substitute for accommodation in pseudophakia.

Patients with an implanted intraocular lens can be made nearly spectacle independent by increasing the depth of focus of the uncorrected implanted eye. In simple myopic astigmatism the visual acuity can be above 20/50 from far to near because the size of the blurred retinal image changes less than its shape as an object approaches the eye. For simple myopic astigmatism the change in corneal power must be included in the calculation of intraocular lens power. The change in corneal power induced by surgery is a spherocylinder with no spherical equivalent. The postoperative shape of the cornea can be predicted and intraocular lens power is calculated to make the flatter meridian emmetropic. The stronger meridian of the cornea is then myopic. In a series of 40 successive cases, the refractions and the measured depth of focus illustrate the application of these principles and the advantage of myopic astigmatism for the pseudophakic patient.

Accommodation, Ocular↗

PubMed1981

A ruby cystotome.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Cataract Extraction↗

PubMed1981

Cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation after fistulizing glaucoma surgery.

Cataract extraction with implantation of an intraocular lens was performed in 33 patients who had previously undergone fistulizing glaucoma surgery. A functioning filtering bleb and normal intraocular pressure were important preoperative criteria, however success depended largely upon enhanced postoperative aqueous outflow. Bleb failure following cataract surgery may be caused by prolonged intraoperative hypotony, vitreous or intraocular lens occlusion of the filtering site, or the presence of postoperative inflammatory components in the aqueous. Extracapsular cataract extraction was the most satisfactory technique. Most cases received prepupillary iridocapsular lenses.

Aged↗

PubMed1981

[Myopic astigmatism for increased depth of focus in pseudophakia (author's transl)].

The optimal refraction after lens implantation is a slight simple myopic astigmatism for patients wishing to see without glasses. The depth of focus is increased in myopic astigmatism because the shape, rather than the size, of the blurred retinal image changes as Sturm's conoid moves over the retina. Such a refraction can be obtained in pseudophakia if the corneal power change induced by surgery is taken into consideration when the intraocular lens. The induced corneal ametropia is a spherocylinder with a very low equivalent power. The results in a series of 50 successive implants employing these principles are described. The depth of fucus is best in simple myopic astigmatism.

Accommodation, Ocular↗

PubMed1981

Myopic astigmatism as a substitute for accommodation in pseudophakia.

Pseudophacic eyes can be made nearly spectacle-independent by increasing the depth of focus of the uncorrected implanted eye. When the postoperative ametropia is a simple myopic astigmatism the uncorrected visual acuity can be above 0.4 from far to near. The quasi-constant visual acuity in different distances is due to the slow change in the dimension of the blurred retinal image when a point source comes nearer to a myopic astigmatic eye. The intersection of Sturm's conoid and the retina (i.e. the blur spot) changes mainly in form but its size changes much less than in a sperical ametropia. To obtain such a refraction the dioptric change in corneal power induced by surgery must be included in the calculation of the intraocular lens. The induced corneal ametropia is a mixed astigmatism with no equivalent power. The optical principles and the clinical results obtained with iridocapsular Binkhorst lenses are discussed.

Accommodation, Ocular↗

PubMed1981

The role of adherent HLA-DR+ mononuclear cells in autologous and allogeneic MLR.

The aim of this study was to define the significance of HLA-DR+ cells for the in vitro induction of human autoreactive T cell proliferation. Proliferation was induced by autologous or allogeneic non-T cells or EB virus-transformed LCL. Pretreatment of stimulator cells with low concentrations of RAHLA-DR and C and with high amounts of RAHLA-DR alone abolished the capacity to stimulate autologous or allogeneic T cells. This suggested that antigens associated with HLA-DR+ stimulator cells or HLA-DR itself are involved in the induction of this proliferation. At the responder cell level the cytotoxic elimination of HLA-DR+ cells as well as depletion of adherent cells by passage through Sephadex G-10 columns reduced both autoreactive and alloreactive responsiveness. Responses of serologically and physically depleted populations were both restored by reconstitution with mitomycin-C treated autologous adherent cells. These cells were resistant to lysis with T cell specific antibodies and preferentially cooperated with T cells of autologous deprivation. Co-cultivation experiments further revealed that such accessory cells were capable of amplifying T cell proliferation in the presence of suboptimal numbers of autologous LCL. We concluded, therefore, that an HLA-DR+-adherent cell, presumably of monocytic origin, is required for optimal proliferative responsiveness of both autoreactive and alloreactive T cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

[Visual evoked potentials in the evaluation of suspected simulation and aggravation].

Visual evoked potentials (VEP) with checkerboard stimulation are good reference for the function of the visual pathways. Normal VEP are registered from simulants and better than expected VEP are noted from aggravants. However an exact objective determination of the visual acuity is limited, due to the low correlation between retinal resolution and stimulus parameters.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

Cell-mediated immune responses between HLA-identical siblings: recognition of antigenic changes associated with acute myelogenous leukaemia.

Cell-mediated immune reactions between a patient suffering from acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) and an HLA-identical sibling were studied in order to characterize the in vitro reactions in MLC and CML prior to bone marrow transplantation. Our results indicated that antigenic differences were detectable between the blasts and the remission lymphocytes. While the normal sibling did not respond in MLC to her HLA-identical sister's remission lymphocytes, there was an anti-blast response. This proliferative response, however, did not lead to the development of detectable cytotoxic cells capable of destroying blast cells. Unrelated individuals, on the other hand, responded strongly both in MLC and CML to the allogeneic tumour blasts and remission lymphocytes of the patient and the lymphocytes of the healthy sibling. The kinetics and magnitude of the MLC response to blast cells was different from that to remission lymphocytes. This response indicated that the blast cells expressed antigenic differences which were recognized in MLC by both the HLA-identical sibling and unrelated individuals. Furthermore, these tumour cells were capable of sensitizing allogeneic, but not syngeneic lymphocytes to become cytotoxic, though they seemed to be more resistant to destruction in CML than normal cells.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

[Thermography in erectile dysfunction (author's transl)].

Thermography is an easy means of selecting patients in terms of vascular or psychological pathology in erectile dysfunction. The results are quite reliable, even though there are sometimes disagreements, or difficulties, in performing the examination (short penis or semi-horizontal at rest). It is nevertheless important to evaluate the results in conjunction with those of other non-traumatic investigations such as the Döppler effect, without seeking to oppose them, disagreements often being the source of useful information. Arteriography is far more traumatic and should be reserved for doubtful cases or those difficult to investigate.

Erectile Dysfunction↗

PubMed1979

[Prolymphocytic leukaemia (author's transl)].

Prolymphocytic leukaemia occurred in two women aged 75 and 57 years, respectively. In both instances the lymphatic cells fulfilled the morphological criteria of the disease picture. In one patient the disease was characterised by immunological and physical methods as being a B-cell lymphoma, in the other a T-cell lymphoma. Acid phosphatase was of special significance among cytochemical studies. While the patient with the T-cell lymphoma died after three months, the one with B-cell lymphoma is still alive 16 months later. Splenectomy resulted in marked improvement in the latter patient's condition and may turn out to be the treatment of choice in prolymphocytic leukaemia.

Aged↗