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Biomedical subjects

C Holmes

Publications and source records attributed to C Holmes.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Monoclonal antibodies that recognize different membrane proteins that are deficient in Rhnull human erythrocytes. One group of antibodies reacts with a variety of cells and tissues whereas the other group is erythroid-specific.

1. Rhnull human erythrocytes lack all of the antigens of the Rh and LW blood group systems and have abnormal shape and an increased osmotic fragility. In this paper two murine monoclonal antibodies raised against intact human erythrocytes were used to investigate further the abnormalities in these cells. BRIC 125 reacts weakly with Rhnull erythrocytes and BRIC 69 does not react at all. The results showed that BRIC 125 reacts with a component of Mr 47,000-52,000 which has a substantial content of N-glycans. In contrast, BRIC 69 reacted with a band of Mr 31,000 together with a very diffuse band of Mr 35,000-52,000. Treatment of BRIC 69 immunoprecipitates with endoglycosidase F/peptidyl-N-glycosidase F resulted in the loss of both BRIC 69 reactive components and the appearance of a new band of Mr similar to that of the Rh(D) polypeptide. 2. BRIC 125 had a broad reactivity with cells in peripheral blood, whereas the reactivity of BRIC 69 was confined to erythrocytes. BRIC 125, but not BRIC 69, reacted with human kidney tissue and bound to endothelium in peritubular capillaries, arteries and veins as well as the epithelial tissue of distal tubules. BRIC 125 stained haemopoietic cells, foetal hepatocytes and megakaryocytes in foetal liver and sinusoidal cells, hepatocytes and portal tracts in adult liver. In contrast, BRIC 69 reactivity was confined to haemopoietic cells in foetal liver. The BRIC 125 epitope has a wide tissue distribution, suggesting the occurrence of a related group of polypeptides which have a general functional role on cell surfaces. 3. Rhnull erythrocytes are deficient in at least four different membrane polypeptides.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Natural killer activity of lymphocytes infiltrating human lung cancers following preoperative systemic recombinant interleukin 2.

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) show depressed natural killer (NK) activity compared with peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). To determine if TIL NK function can be reactivated in vivo, 11 patients with tumors metastatic to the lung were treated with systemic recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2). Spontaneous TIL NK activity and NK activity after three days' incubation with 100 U/mL of rIL-2 were increased in patients receiving 15,000 U/kg of rIL-2 preoperatively compared with those receiving between 1000 and 10,000 U/kg. Histologically, higher doses of rIL-2 increased the number of intratumoral lymphocytes, the level of peritumoral lymphocytic transferrin, and the expression of HLA-DR. Spontaneous PBL NK activity in patients receiving between 10,000 and 15,000 U/kg of rIL-2 was also increased and was further increased by in vitro culture with rIL-2. Thus, PBL NK activity and TIL NK function in vivo can be augmented with 15,000 U/kg of systemic rIL-2. Both TIL- and PBL-inducible cytotoxicities were further enhanced by in vitro culture with rIL-2.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Neonatal pharyngeal perforation diagnosed by xenon 133 imaging.

A premature male infant developed bilateral pneumothorax and generalized subcutaneous emphysema following difficult intubation. Xenon 133 imaging revealed accumulation of radionuclide in those areas of subcutaneous emphysema indicating a large air leak from the upper respiratory tract. Pharyngeal injury was confirmed at endoscopy. Imaging with (133)Xe may offer a means of rapid diagnosis of airway injury.

Emphysema↗
PubMed1985

Meningococcal arthritis.

Meningococcal infection (MI) remains endemic in the Western Cape. A review of 2216 cases in which the condition was diagnosed and notified to the relevant authorities between January 1977 and March 1982 is presented. In 121 patients the disease was complicated by meningococcal arthritis (MA). MI and MA occurred most commonly in the Coloured population; over 50% of patients with MI were less than 2 years of age; and patients with MA were slightly older than the sample mean. The onset of arthritis showed a biphasic pattern with an early peak at 1-2 days and a later peak, heralded by typical recrudescence of fever, at 5-10 days which usually lasted 5-7 days. It was most often monarticular, the knee being the joint most frequently affected. Four cases of isolated MA were also encountered.

Arthritis, Infectious↗
PubMed1983

Neonatal motor cortex lesions in the rat: absence of sparing of motor behaviors and impaired spatial learning concurrent with abnormal cerebral morphogenesis.

Rats with removal of the motor cortex in adulthood were compared behaviorally and neuroanatomically with rats with similar removals at 4 days of age. The results suggest that neonatal ablation of the motor cortex of rats is more debilitating behaviorally than similar injury in adulthood and produces abnormal morphogenesis of the posterior neocortex. Neonatal lesions of the motor cortex produced more chronic abnormalities in movements of the distal effectors that accompany adult lesions (tongue, snout, and digit use) and, in addition, produced abnormalities in limb placement on a narrow beam and a significant impairment in spatial learning, neither of which is associated with adult lesions. When the brains of neonatally operated rats were compared with those of control rats or rats operated on in adulthood, there were striking differences. Although the area of cavity appeared smaller in the neonatal operates, their brains weighed less, the neocortex was thinner, and the cross-sectional area of the remaining cortex was reduced, when compared with those of the adult-operated group. It is suggested that studies of the acquisition of various neuropsychological learning tasks may have greatly overestimated the degree of sparing following anterior neocortical lesions in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Normal lung growth and response after pneumonectomy in rats at various ages.

Lung growth was accompanied by alveolar multiplication in rats from 4 to 10 wk of age; the multiplication then ceased until 14 wk of age, and in this latter interval the alveolar walls appeared to lengthen. The relationship between size of surface alveoli and size of internal alveoli of the lower lobe changed with age, and the relationship was not altered by pneumonectomy. The surface alveoli were smaller than internal alveoli at 4 wk of age, the same size at 6 and 10 wk of age, and larger at 14 wk of age. Four-week-old rats responded to pneumonectomy with an increase in size of the contralateral lung and an increase in the number of alveoli. Direct alveolar counts did not show a significant increase in number of alveoli after pneumonectomy in 8- and 12-wk-old rats. the alveolar surface area incresed almost directly with the increase in gas-exchanging lung volume in 8-wk-old rats, suggesting that alveolar multiplication might have occurred. In 12-wk-old rats, however, the alveolar surface area increased to the 0.71 power of the increase in gas-exchanging lung volume, suggesting that alveolar enlargement, rather than alveolar multiplication, had occurred. Taken in conjunction with the data for growth in normal and sham-operated animals, these results suggest that compensatory alveolar multiplication is part of the adaptive response to pneumonectomy when this operation is performed at a time at which alveolar multiplication normally occurs. When pneumonectomy is performed after alveolar multiplication has ceased, the adaptive response is primarily one of air-space enlargement. Lung volume, weight, surface area, and protein responses to pneumonectomy were smaller at 12 wek of age than at 4 and 8 wk of age.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1979

Bioethical decision making: an approach to improve the process.

Current problems with the decision-making process for bioethical dilemmas are described, with emphasis on the social roles taken in this process by medical experts and laypersons. An approach is presented to improve bioethical decision making. Two consecutive steps are required. First, branching logic is used to separate the bioethical dilemmas into a series of independent, sequential decision points along a decision-making tree. This allows complex dilemmas to be dealt with more easily by resolving the individual component issues in a logical, stepwise fashion. Secondly, explicit criteria are used to decide whether each individual component is ethical or technical in nature. Using these two steps increases the likelihood that the professional and the layperson will assume their appropriate social roles and improve the overall decision-making process. How this approach can be applied to policy-making decisions, in addition to case-by-case deciding, is discussed, as are some of the settings in which the approach might be particularly helpful.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1978

Toward the measurement of primary care.

The renaissance of rhetoric about primary care--"continuous, coordinated, comprehensive, family-centered"--has paralleled the growth of entrants into formal training programs. The extent to which primary care is actually practiced this way has not been examined, nor have the routes to preparing for it. A preliminary set of measurements is suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Hypertension in a family practice.

The performance of an urban Canadian family practice in the detection, evaluation, treatment, control and follow-up of hypertension for a 10-year period 1965-74 was reviewed. Vigorous case-finding and treatment were followed by good control of hypertension in 67% of cases and a significant decrease in mortality from stroke and congestive heart failure. It is strongly suggested that the proper location for dealing with hypertension is the primary-care practice and that the general practitioner deserves greater assistance from clinical specialists, health foundations and ministries of health in attacking this problem.

Adolescent↗