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Biomedical subjects

C Holland

Publications and source records attributed to C Holland.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The expanded spectrum of toxocaral disease.

Among 137 members of 30 families, 6% (and 8% of those aged under 15 years) were seropositive for toxocara antibodies. In these seropositive subjects and in 84 patients known to have raised toxocara titres the commonest clinical features were abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, sleep and behaviour disturbances, pneumonia, cough, wheeze, pharyngitis, cervical adenitis, headache, limb pains, and fever. 61% of patients with raised toxocara titres had recurrent abdominal pain. Eosinophilia was in many cases associated with a raised toxocara titre, but 27% of patients with high titres had normal eosinophil counts. Toxocariasis is common, especially in children, and is associated with clinical features that are generally regarded as non-specific but together form a recognisable symptom complex. Toxocariasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of such symptoms and especially in recurrent abdominal pain, which might otherwise be labelled as idiopathic. The absence of eosinophilia does not exclude toxocariasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Chromosome anomalies as predictors of recurrence risk for spontaneous abortion.

Reproductive histories and chromosomes of spontaneous abortions were studied by segregation analysis in 1890 sibships ascertained through a cytogenetically studied abortion. Normal karyotypes are associated with recurrent abortion. Among abnormal karyotypes, trisomy has an elevated recurrence risk even after adjustment through a liability indicator for maternal age. Possible mechanisms and conflicting evidence in the literature on trisomy are discussed. None of these differences in recurrence risk is large enough to play a significant numerical role in genetic counseling.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1987

Interspecific effects between Moniliformis (Acanthocephala), Hymenolepis (Cestoda) and Nippostrongylus (Nematoda) in the laboratory rat.

Rats harbouring 35-day-old primary infections of Moniliformis moniliformis and Hymenolepis diminuta were inoculated with equal doses of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and were autopsied 10 days later. Significant reductions were found in the dry weight of Moniliformis and Hymenolepis and in the numbers of Nippostrongylus recovered compared with single infections. Similarly, in infections with two parasites, the numbers of Nippostrongylus were reduced when concurrent with Moniliformis and the dry weights of Moniliformis and Hymenolepis decreased in the presence of each other. A comparison of the concurrent infections themselves revealed that Moniliformis weighed significantly less in the presence of Hymenolepis than in the three parasite infections. Parasite interactions and their possible mechanism are discussed and comparisons are made with the relevant single infection for each parasite.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Right ventricular systolic time intervals: comparison of echocardiographic and Doppler-derived values.

Although the clinical utility of right ventricular (RV) systolic time intervals (STI) has been well documented, their use is at times limited by an inability to obtain adequate M-mode echocardiographic images of the pulmonary valve. Therefore the relationship between the pulmonary artery Doppler flow tracing and the timing of pulmonary valve opening and closure was investigated to determine if the more readily available Doppler recording could be utilized for determining RV STIs. We compared RV preejection period (PEP), ejection time (VET), and PEP/VET ratio derived from the pulsed Doppler frequency-time curve recorded in the main pulmonary artery with measurements from a simultaneously recorded M-mode pulmonary valve echocardiogram (Echo). The nadir of the late systolic flow reversal, rather than the point at which the frequency spectrum crosses the zero baseline, correlated best with the point of pulmonary valve closure. By the use of this method for determining end-systole, all three Doppler-derived measurements were highly correlated with the values from the pulmonary valve echocardiogram: PEPEcho = 1.01 PEPDoppler - 3.1 (r = 0.990, S.E.E. PEPEcho = 2.7 msec); VETEcho = 0.98 VETDoppler + 10.2 (r = 0.998, S.E.E. VETEcho = 3.3 msec); (PEP/VET)Echo = 0.95 (PEP/VET)Doppler + 0.007 (r = 0.980, S.E.E. (PEP/VET)Echo = 0.012 msec). The Doppler velocity-time curve provides accurate measurement of RV STIs that can be recorded with relative ease compared with the pulmonary valve echocardiogram. This expanded availability of RV STIs permits an improved ability to investigate the hemodynamic determinants of these indices and their relation to the status of the pulmonary vasculature and right ventricular performance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Scanning electron microscope studies of the mucosa of rats infected with Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda).

The intestinal morphology of rats given one, 10 or 100 cysticercoids of hymenolepis diminuta was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The presence of this tapeworm causes extensive villous atrophy and fusion. The most extreme changes in mucosal architecture were observed adjacent to the mature proglottides of the worm and in these areas the villi were reduced either to flattened plate-like structures or to low irregularly shaped undulations. The presence of one large H. diminuta resulted in more severe pathological damage than caused by several smaller worms. Colonization of the upper region of the ileum by long filamentous bacteria was also observed in rats infected with H. diminuta.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Interactions between Moniliformis (Acanthocephala) and Nippostrongylus (Nematoda) in the small intestine of laboratory rats.

Rats harbouring a 35-day-old primary infection of Moniliformis dubius were inoculated with constant doses of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and 10 days later, after post mortem examination, rats with concurrent infections harboured significantly fewer Nippostrongylus than rats with single infections. Similar infections of Moniliformis were carried out, but with post mortem taking place on days 8, 9, 12 and 14 of the Nippostrongylus infections. On days 8 and 9 of infection, rats with concurrent infections did not harbour significantly fewer Nippostrongylus compared with single infections. Both single and concurrent infections of 12- and 14-day-old Nippostrongylus were found to harbour lower numbers of worms. In the single infection this corresponds to the timing of the typical immune expulsion of a primary single infection which takes place on approximately day 12 of infection. The Moniliformis population was not significantly affected, in terms of numbers, dry weight and length, although each parasite population did show a slight shift in site in the presence of the other. A significant reduction in egg production by Nippostrongylus was detected throughout concurrent infection. The possible role of non-reciprocal cross-immunity is discussed as an explanation for the apparent early expulsion of the Nippostrongylus population in the presence of Moniliformis.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Antigenic and immunogenic studies on cell culture-derived Babesia canis.

Babesia canis antigens derived from cell culture reacted specifically with immune serum from dogs convalescing from babesiosis. The antigens were heterogenous as compared to antigens elaborated in vivo. The major antigenic moiety from cell culture eluted in the first peak of Sephadex G-200 is indicative of a molecular weight around 900 000. In contrast, in vivo-derived antigen coeluted with albumin and hemoglobin suggesting a molecular weight of 67 000. The major antigenic mass is proteinacious and contains disulfide bonds as indicated by thermolability and sensitivity to 2-mercaptoethanol. Both particulate and soluble B. canis antigens were immunogenic, particularly when emulsified in Saponin as an adjuvant. Such antigens conferred a considerable degree of protection in Saponin as an adjuvant. Such antigens conferred a considerable degree of protection in susceptible dogs and it suggested that immunoprophylaxis to B. canis may be feasible.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1978

Potassium cardioplegia. An alternate method of intraoperative myocardial protection.

Potassium-induced cardioplegia was studied in 38 mongrel dogs supported by normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and subjected to 60 minutes of aortic cross clamping followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. A study of preischemic and postischemic ventricular function and myocardial high-energy phosphate compounds, lactate, and glycogen showed substantial preservation of high-energy phosphates and ventricular performance when potassium cardioplegia was used. However, the substantial depression in contractility observed following ischemia nad reperfusion suggests that potassium cardioplegia alone does not provide adequate intraoperative protection of the myocardium.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1977

Does intermittent coronary perfusion offer greater myocardial protection than continuous aortic cross-clamping?

There has been considerable controversy concerning the relative merits of intermittent coronary perfusion vs. continuous aortic cross-clamping for cardiac procedures requiring ischemic arrest. Using the isovolumic ventricular balloon model and "stop-freeze" biopsy techniques, myocardial contractility (LV dp/dt max, length-tension, and force-velocity relationships) and metabolism (adenine nucleotides, creatine phosphate, and glycogen) were studied in 46 intact dogs supported by normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and subjected to either 60 minutes of continuous ischemic arrest or to four 15-minute intervals of ischemia each followed by 5 minutes of reperfusion. Following ischemia the hearts were reperfused for 30 minutes and defibrillated after the first 10 minutes. There were no significant differences in either metabolic parameters or contractile function between the groups. Although partial regeneration of adenosine triphosphate and glycogen occurred during reperfusion, only creatine phosphate achieved normal values and the end result was no difference between the two techniques. These data indicate that 5 minutes of coronary reperfusion between consecutive episodes of ischemic arrest affords no greater intraoperative protection of the myocardium than does continuous aortic cross-clamping.

Adenine Nucleotides↗