Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C Holland

Publications and source records attributed to C Holland.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

A survey of the intestinal helminths of refugees in Juba, Sudan.

A parasitological survey of refugees based in Juba, Sudan, involving 241 faecal samples, revealed that 66% of the population harboured intestinal helminths. The most commonly found infection was hookworm (36%), followed by Schistosoma mansoni (26%), Strongyloides stercoralis (20%), Hymenolepis nana (11%), Ascaris lumbricoides (1.2%), Trichuris trichiura (0.8%) and Taenia sp. (0.4%). Many of the specimens (42%) harboured a single infection, 21% had double, 2% triple and 1% quadruple infections. Parasite prevalences and intensities were analysed in relation to age, sex, religion and occupation: females (70%) were found to be more infected than males (64%); Muslims (50%) were less infected than Christians (68%) and agriculturalists (90%) were the most infected occupational group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Families, parks, gardens and toxocariasis.

Toxocara canis antibody titres were measured in members of 30 families. 73/140 (52.1%) family members were seropositive for T. canis at a dilution greater than or equal to 1:50 and 11 (7.8%) had reciprocal titres greater than or equal to 800. Toxocara ova were sought (a) in relation to the 30 families and (b) in the community. No toxocara ova were found in household dust samples. 38% of family gardens contained toxocara ova while 6% of soil samples from public parks and open spaces around housing estates were positive. None of the faecal specimens from pet dogs were positive for toxocara ova as compared to 6.2% of stray dogs. 5.3% of canine faecal samples from the streets contained toxocara ova. In this study household garden soil was a potentially greater source of toxocara infection than soil in public parks and open spaces.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The expanded spectrum of toxocaral disease.

Among 137 members of 30 families, 6% (and 8% of those aged under 15 years) were seropositive for toxocara antibodies. In these seropositive subjects and in 84 patients known to have raised toxocara titres the commonest clinical features were abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, sleep and behaviour disturbances, pneumonia, cough, wheeze, pharyngitis, cervical adenitis, headache, limb pains, and fever. 61% of patients with raised toxocara titres had recurrent abdominal pain. Eosinophilia was in many cases associated with a raised toxocara titre, but 27% of patients with high titres had normal eosinophil counts. Toxocariasis is common, especially in children, and is associated with clinical features that are generally regarded as non-specific but together form a recognisable symptom complex. Toxocariasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of such symptoms and especially in recurrent abdominal pain, which might otherwise be labelled as idiopathic. The absence of eosinophilia does not exclude toxocariasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Chromosome anomalies as predictors of recurrence risk for spontaneous abortion.

Reproductive histories and chromosomes of spontaneous abortions were studied by segregation analysis in 1890 sibships ascertained through a cytogenetically studied abortion. Normal karyotypes are associated with recurrent abortion. Among abnormal karyotypes, trisomy has an elevated recurrence risk even after adjustment through a liability indicator for maternal age. Possible mechanisms and conflicting evidence in the literature on trisomy are discussed. None of these differences in recurrence risk is large enough to play a significant numerical role in genetic counseling.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1987

Interspecific effects between Moniliformis (Acanthocephala), Hymenolepis (Cestoda) and Nippostrongylus (Nematoda) in the laboratory rat.

Rats harbouring 35-day-old primary infections of Moniliformis moniliformis and Hymenolepis diminuta were inoculated with equal doses of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and were autopsied 10 days later. Significant reductions were found in the dry weight of Moniliformis and Hymenolepis and in the numbers of Nippostrongylus recovered compared with single infections. Similarly, in infections with two parasites, the numbers of Nippostrongylus were reduced when concurrent with Moniliformis and the dry weights of Moniliformis and Hymenolepis decreased in the presence of each other. A comparison of the concurrent infections themselves revealed that Moniliformis weighed significantly less in the presence of Hymenolepis than in the three parasite infections. Parasite interactions and their possible mechanism are discussed and comparisons are made with the relevant single infection for each parasite.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Right ventricular systolic time intervals: comparison of echocardiographic and Doppler-derived values.

Although the clinical utility of right ventricular (RV) systolic time intervals (STI) has been well documented, their use is at times limited by an inability to obtain adequate M-mode echocardiographic images of the pulmonary valve. Therefore the relationship between the pulmonary artery Doppler flow tracing and the timing of pulmonary valve opening and closure was investigated to determine if the more readily available Doppler recording could be utilized for determining RV STIs. We compared RV preejection period (PEP), ejection time (VET), and PEP/VET ratio derived from the pulsed Doppler frequency-time curve recorded in the main pulmonary artery with measurements from a simultaneously recorded M-mode pulmonary valve echocardiogram (Echo). The nadir of the late systolic flow reversal, rather than the point at which the frequency spectrum crosses the zero baseline, correlated best with the point of pulmonary valve closure. By the use of this method for determining end-systole, all three Doppler-derived measurements were highly correlated with the values from the pulmonary valve echocardiogram: PEPEcho = 1.01 PEPDoppler - 3.1 (r = 0.990, S.E.E. PEPEcho = 2.7 msec); VETEcho = 0.98 VETDoppler + 10.2 (r = 0.998, S.E.E. VETEcho = 3.3 msec); (PEP/VET)Echo = 0.95 (PEP/VET)Doppler + 0.007 (r = 0.980, S.E.E. (PEP/VET)Echo = 0.012 msec). The Doppler velocity-time curve provides accurate measurement of RV STIs that can be recorded with relative ease compared with the pulmonary valve echocardiogram. This expanded availability of RV STIs permits an improved ability to investigate the hemodynamic determinants of these indices and their relation to the status of the pulmonary vasculature and right ventricular performance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Potassium cardioplegia. An alternate method of intraoperative myocardial protection.

Potassium-induced cardioplegia was studied in 38 mongrel dogs supported by normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and subjected to 60 minutes of aortic cross clamping followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. A study of preischemic and postischemic ventricular function and myocardial high-energy phosphate compounds, lactate, and glycogen showed substantial preservation of high-energy phosphates and ventricular performance when potassium cardioplegia was used. However, the substantial depression in contractility observed following ischemia nad reperfusion suggests that potassium cardioplegia alone does not provide adequate intraoperative protection of the myocardium.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1977

Does intermittent coronary perfusion offer greater myocardial protection than continuous aortic cross-clamping?

There has been considerable controversy concerning the relative merits of intermittent coronary perfusion vs. continuous aortic cross-clamping for cardiac procedures requiring ischemic arrest. Using the isovolumic ventricular balloon model and "stop-freeze" biopsy techniques, myocardial contractility (LV dp/dt max, length-tension, and force-velocity relationships) and metabolism (adenine nucleotides, creatine phosphate, and glycogen) were studied in 46 intact dogs supported by normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and subjected to either 60 minutes of continuous ischemic arrest or to four 15-minute intervals of ischemia each followed by 5 minutes of reperfusion. Following ischemia the hearts were reperfused for 30 minutes and defibrillated after the first 10 minutes. There were no significant differences in either metabolic parameters or contractile function between the groups. Although partial regeneration of adenosine triphosphate and glycogen occurred during reperfusion, only creatine phosphate achieved normal values and the end result was no difference between the two techniques. These data indicate that 5 minutes of coronary reperfusion between consecutive episodes of ischemic arrest affords no greater intraoperative protection of the myocardium than does continuous aortic cross-clamping.

Adenine Nucleotides↗