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Biomedical subjects

C Hogstedt

Publications and source records attributed to C Hogstedt.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Skin absorption and protective gloves in dynamite work.

Serious health hazards have been reported from dynamite manufacturing during the last hundred years but many problems are still unsolved concerning biological monitoring and protective clothing. In this study, experiments are reported where ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN) has been measured in blood from subjects whose hands were exposed to dynamite vapors only or to the combination of vapors and the solid phase, with an without gloves. Strong indications were found that skin absorption is a major route of entry for EGDN into the body. Rubber gloves were found to absorb considerable amounts of EGDN and also to let it pass thorugh to the skin and the blood. However, rubber gloves with inner cotton gloves seem to constitute some protection if they are changed as frequently as once or twice an hour compared with only using cotton gloves or working bare-handed. Blood samples from cubital veins primarily were found to reflect the local skin absorption of EGDN and not the total uptake. Exhaled air was analyzed at moments of high skin exposure but no EGDN could be detected. Further studies of biological monitoring and protective materials are suggested.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1980

Nitroglycol and nitroglycerine exposure in a dynamite industry 1958-1978.

An excess mortality from chronic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases among dynamite workers has recently been reported from two Swedish explosives industries. This study summarizes the exposure situation with regard to nitroglycol and nitroglycerine during the last two decades in one of these factories. The manufacturing process is described as well as the sampling and analytic procedures. The mean 8-hour TWA concentrations of nitrate esters for different job types during three seven-year periods 1958-1978 have been calculated from a large number of simi-annually measured short-time samples. The concentrations are estimated to have been in the range of 0.2 - 1.1 mg/m3, with the highest levels for cartridge fillers and mix house workers. The representativeness of short-time samples was found to be comparatively good in relation to 8-1/2 hour personal air sampling. The presented exposure calculations could be used for international comparison and dose-response discussions in future epidemiological studies on chronic effects of nitrate esters.

Air↗
PubMed1980

Herbicide exposure and tumor mortality. An updated epidemiologic investigation on Swedish railroad workers.

An earlier cohort study of Swedish railroad workers indicated a possible relationship between exposure to herbicides and an increased overall tumor morbidity and mortality. The cohort of 348 individuals has now been followed through October 1978. In this updated analysis of the causes of death among railroad workers, the observed number of tumor deaths was higher than expected, especially among individuals exposed in the earlier years of the study to both amitrol and phenoxy acids. However, the excess tumor mortality among persons exposed to amitrol became more moderate, and the earlier, slightly increased tumor mortality among people exposed to phenoxy acids more pronounced. No specific type of tumor predominated although there were three stomach cancers and three lung cancers. The result of the previous analysis of deaths among these railroad workers has been confirmed as to an excess of tumors, but the aspects of causal relationships to specific agents remain rather unclear, especially since workers exposed to a combination of amitrol and phenoxy acids seem to be the most seriously affected. However, the result, being in agreement with animal data and other epidemiologic studies, suggests a need for the careful handling of amitrol and phenoxy acids as increasingly suspicious carcinogens.

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed1979

Leukemia in workers exposed to ethylene oxide.

Ethylene oxide, a gaseous sterilant extensively used within health care facilities, is known to be a mutagen in bacteria and in human lymphocytes. The Environmental Protection Agency as well as the National Institue of Occupational Safety and Health have recently stipulated certain conditions for the use of ethylene oxide despite the lack of case reports or epidemiologic studies concerning carcinogenicity. We report three cases of leukemia that occurred between 1972 and 1977 in a relatively small group of Swedish workers exposed to ethylene oxide. According to national statistics, 0.2 cases of leukemia would have been expected. The time-weighted average ethylene oxide concentration was 20+/-10 ppm.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A cohort study of mortality and cancer incidence in ethylene oxide production workers.

Ethylene oxide, important as an intermediate product in the chemical industry and for sterilising hospital equipment, is mutagenic in several organisms; carcinogenicity has been suspected although this had not been supported by clinical data. Ethylene oxide has been produced by a Swedish company since the beginning of the 1940s. This paper describes a cohort study of the mortality and the cancer incidence among full-time exposed workers in ethylene oxide production, a group of maintenance workers with intermittent exposure and a group of unexposed controls. Investigation of the production processes in the building at different times has shown that workers were exposed to ethylene dichloride, ethylene chlorohydrin, ethylene, and small amounts of bis-(2-chloroethyl) ether as well as to ethylene oxide and traces of other chemicals. The full-time exposed cohort shows a considerable excess mortality deriving mainly from increased mortality from tumours and also from diseases of the circulatory system. The cancer incidence study, including living persons with malignancies, showed a significant excess in the full-time cohort. Of the 16 patients with tumours in the two more exposed cohorts there were three cases of leukaemia, six of tumours in the alimentary tract and four of urogenital malignancy. The excess mortality and cancer incidence cannot be attributed to any particular chemical in the production process, but ethylene oxide and ethylene dichloride are the prime suspects.

Chemical Industry↗
PubMed1979

A cohort study on mortality among dynamite workers.

Exposure to nitroglycerine and nitroglycol in the explosives industry is suspected of having caused isolated cases of sudden death. There have also been suggestions of an increased risk of chronic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases among dynamite workers. This study examines the mortality experience of a cohort of male workers from a small Swedish dynamite industry. Cause-, sex-, age-, and calendar-year-specific national incidence rates were used to calculate the expected number of deaths in a group of individuals with exposure to the dynamite manufacturing process and in an unexposed group from the same industry. During the period 1965-77, nine deaths from cardiocerebrovascular diseases were observed, versus 4.5 expected (p less than 0.05), among men with at least one year of exposure to dynamite and 20 years of induction-latency time. The unexposed group had a mortality pattern in good agreement with the national average. Exposure occurred by inhalation as well as through the skin. Precautions are urged to diminish exposure from both these absorption routes as the findings of the study support earlier reports regarding chronic vascular effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A case of severe compression of the coeliac artery.

A man, aged 42 years, presented as an emergency with a history of stabbing upper abdominal pain, nausea and diarrhoea of two weeks' duration. Apart from abnormal transaminase and alkaline phosphatase values, the routine clinical and laboratory examinations did not reveal any abnormality. As the abdominal pain increased in severity, particularly in association with eating, and projectile vomiting supervened, aortography was carried out and showed severe stenosis of the coeliac axis, involving about 1 cm of the artery. At operation a thick fibrous band, which originated from the median arcuate diaphragm, was seen to constrict the point of origin of the artery and to compress the vessel against the aorta. The band was divided, whereupon the coeliac artery immediately showed strong pulsations and adequate filling. Microscopic examination of the fibrous band revealed, among other structures, those characteristic of a ganglion. The symptoms disappeared after operation.

Adult↗