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Biomedical subjects

C Hirayama

Publications and source records attributed to C Hirayama.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Increased renin release by exogenous prostaglandin E1 in liver cirrhosis with and without ascites.

To evaluate the sensitivity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with liver cirrhosis, prostaglandin E1 was intravenously administered at the rate of 50 micrograms/hour for two hours to the 11 control subjects and 11 patients with liver cirrhosis (6 compensated and 5 decompensated). Basal plasma renin activity (PRA) in decompensated patients was significantly higher than those in control and compensated cirrhotics (P less than 0.01). Basal plasma aldosterone was also higher in decompensated than in control and compensated patients, but without significance. PGE1 had no virtual effect on PRA in control, but stimulated PRA in liver cirrhotics, in which statistical significance was only observed in decompensated (basal vs. one hour after PGE1: 2.4 +/- 0.9 ng/ml/min (mean +/- SE) vs. 6.9 +/- 2.1: P less than 0.025). The rate of renin release was significantly higher in compensated than in decompensated (327 +/- 50% vs. 143 +/- 26: P less than 0.05). Though PGE1 also increased plasma aldosterone in liver cirrhotics, statistical change was not seen. Fractional excretion of urinary sodium after PGE1 increased significantly in control (P less than 0.025), but not in liver cirrhotics. These results indicate that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is easily activated by PGE1 in patients with liver cirrhosis and further suggest that the sensitivity of this system in compensated is more augmented than in decompensated patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Oral contraceptives and intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma having an increased level of estrogen receptor.

We report a case of intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma in a young woman who had no prior history of liver disease and who had taken oral contraceptives for one year. A 27-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a firm epigastric mass. At laparotomy, a large cystic mass was resected from the left hepatic lobe, and diagnosed as biliary cystadenoma. In the tumor tissue, the estrogen receptor content was 14.0 fmol/mg cytosol protein, which was much higher than the 3.0 fmol/mg cytosol protein in the surrounding liver tissue. This is the first case of biliary cystadenoma in which the estrogen receptor content was increased.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Hepatotoxicity of cyclophosphamide in man: pharmacokinetic analysis.

Of 44 patients with neoplasia treated with cyclophosphamide (CPA), 19 (43%) had a transient elevation of serum levels of aminotransferases. In these patients, regardless of the combination chemotherapy regimen given, the incidence of liver dysfunction was 33%, when the total CPA dose was less than 400 mg/m2 (Group A) and 73% with higher doses (Group B). Prior to the initiation of CPA treatment, pharmacokinetics of CPA were investigated in 15 patients. Plasma AUCs of CPA and phosphoramide mustard (PM) in 8 patients in Group B were higher than those in 7 Group A patients. In contrast, urinary excretion of 3-hydroxypropyl-mercapturic acid (3-HPMCA) was lower in Group B than in Group A. The ratio of urinary 3-HPMCA to plasma AUC of PM was significantly lower in Group B than in Group A (p less than 0.05). These results indicate that CPA-induced liver injury is mainly dose-dependent and presumably results from impaired metabolism of CPA, and especially of its metabolite, acrolein.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Effects of ethanol feeding on collagen synthesizing and degrading enzymes in rat pancreas.

Collagen metabolism in the pancreas was investigated in male Wistar strain rats after 7 weeks of ethanol feeding. Compared with control rats, the ethanol-fed rats had a normal hydroxyproline content in the pancreas. However, prolyl hydroxylase activity and collagenolytic cathepsin activity were increased, though collagenase activity did not change. Both prolyl hydroxylase activity and collagenolytic cathepsin activity were inversely correlated with amylase activities. These findings were also confirmed in ethanol-pyrazole treated rats. These results suggest that the ethanol-induced pancreatic injury, even at an early stage, accelerates the collagen metabolism in the pancreas.

Amylases↗
PubMed1987

Clinical usefulness of cimetidine for the treatment of acute intermittent porphyria--a preliminary report.

A 43-yr-old man with abdominal fullness was treated with oral cimetidine during remission of acute intermittent porphyria. Urinary prophobilinogen and porphyrins were not altered by the treatment, but urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid decreased, and abdominal fullness disappeared. Thus, cimetidine may control acute intermittent porphyria by inhibiting hepatic delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase.

5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase↗
PubMed1987

Serum bile acids and oral ursodeoxycholic acid tolerance test in the diagnosis of esophageal varices.

The purpose of this study was to compare the endoscopic findings based on the general rules for recording endoscopic findings on esophageal varices by the Japanese Research Society for Portal Hypertension with liver function tests including serum bile acids and bile acid clearance tests in 64 patients with liver cirrhosis. Cases of esophageal varices showed significantly higher serum bile acid levels and greater ICG retention than those without esophageal varices. The oral ursodeoxycholic acid tolerance test was significantly impaired in the group with esophageal varices (p less than 0.05). In cases with esophageal varices, there was no significant difference in serum bile acid levels between white and blue varix patients, while serum bile acid levels in the red-color sign-positive group were significantly higher than those in the negative group (p less than 0.01). Serum bile acid levels increased in parallel with the form of varices as reflected by the shape and size of varices and with the location of varices which reflects the longitudinal-extent of varices. These results indicate that the impaired clearance of serum bile acids in liver cirrhosis is closely related with the red-color sign on the variceal surface and with the form and location of esophageal varices, which may reflect the grade of portal-systemic shunting.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Serum lysyl oxidase activity in patients with various liver diseases.

Serum lysyl oxidase activity was examined in patients with various liver diseases. The activity of the enzyme was detected mainly in the serum fraction of the supernatant 80% saturated with (NH4)2SO4, and its molecular weight was estimated to be about 30,000 by Sephadex G-150 column filtration. Mean serum lysyl oxidase activity in 18 healthy controls was 129 +/- 50 (+/- SEM) cpm/ml and was significantly increased in patients with acute hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease and primary biliary cirrhosis, but not in those with chronic inactive hepatitis or liver cirrhosis. Serum lysyl oxidase activity was not correlated with the histological grade of hepatic fibrosis, but appeared to reflect active hepatic fibrogenesis in patients with liver diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Plasma amino acid patterns in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Plasma amino acid levels were determined in 23 patients in comparison with 16 normal subjects and 17 patients with liver cirrhosis. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma had elevated levels of the aromatic amino acids and lowered levels of the branched-chain amino acids, as seen in liver cirrhosis; however, they had lowered levels of alanine and glutamine as compared with normal subjects and with liver cirrhosis patients. Following treatment with intraarterial chemotherapy and/or transcatheter arterial embolization, plasma levels of alanine and glutamine recovered. These results suggest that the consumption of alanine and glutamine increase in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Bile duct carcinoma in a focal dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct.

A 40 year old male with bile duct carcinoma arising in a localised dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct is presented. The patient presented with recurrent upper abdominal pain, fever and jaundice. Computed tomography showed a localised duct dilatation and ultrasound clearly demonstrated a tumor mass arising within the bile duct. At surgery, papillary adenocarcinoma was confirmed. This case suggests that the tumour arose from the pre-existing cyst. A localised dilatation of the bile duct on computed tomography and ultrasound may harbour a bile duct carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Osteoclast-like giant cell tumor of the liver.

A 66-year-old male with osteoclast-like giant cell tumor of the liver that arose in the non-cirrhotic liver is presented. The liver tests were almost normal, and plasma levels of alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen were within normal limits. The findings of liver scan by 99mTc phytate, celiac angiography, and CT scans are described for the first time for this rare neoplasm, showing a large, unresectable liver tumor. Histologically, the tumor mainly consisted of osteoclast-like giant cells and mononuclear cells, which were focally arranged in a vaguely trabecular pattern and sarcomatous pattern. By an electromicroscopic study, however, no definitive evidence was obtained whether it arose from epithelial cells or nonepithelial cells. Various clinicopathological features were described and compared with previously reported cases including two cases arising in the liver.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Gonadal function in male patients with alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease.

Gonadal function in male patients with various liver disease has been evaluated by basal plasma testosterone level and a response of plasma testosterone to human chorionic gonadotropin. Compared with healthy male subjects of similar age, gonadal function was not reduced in chronic hepatitis, but in alcoholic liver disease without cirrhosis and in alcoholic and non-alcoholic cirrhosis. Gonadal dysfunction in patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis was correlated with abnormal liver tests. It may be concluded that gonadal function in chronic liver disease is reduced either by alcohol abuse or disturbances of hepatic function and/or hepatic hemodynamics.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Hepatic collagen content and lysyl oxidase activity in rats fed a low protein-ethanol diet.

To study the effects of chronic ethanol feeding with dietary protein deficiency on hepatic fibrosis, the hepatic contents of triglyceride and collagen, and lysyl oxidase activity in the liver were measured in rats fed ethanol with or without a low protein diet for 7 weeks. In the standard-ethanol diet group, hepatic triglyceride content was increased as compared with that in the standard diet group, but hepatic collagen content was not altered. In the low protein-ethanol diet group, hepatic contents of triglyceride and collagen, especially of insoluble collagen, were increased as compared with those of the low protein diet group. Under these experimental conditions, hepatic lysyl oxidase activity was higher in the low protein-ethanol group as compared with those in other three groups, and was correlated significantly with hepatic collagen content. These data suggest that ethanol feeding with a low protein diet resulted in an increased deposition of collagen in the liver, and that hepatic lysyl oxidase activity is one of the factors responsible for collagen deposition.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1987

Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with chronic liver disease.

The plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide were determined by radioimmunoassay in 24 patients with chronic liver disease, including three patients with alcoholic liver disease, four with chronic active hepatitis, 13 with liver cirrhosis, and four with hepatocellular carcinoma. When compared with normal subjects (180 +/- 12 pg/ml), the plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide in cirrhotic patients (349 +/- 64 pg/ml) were significantly elevated (p less than 0.001) but not in other disease groups. In patients with chronic liver disease the plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide were correlated significantly with plasma renin activity but not with plasma aldosterone, and furthermore showed a negative correlation with indocyanine green disappearance rate. These results suggest that the increased plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide, which appear to be associated with an increase in plasma renin activity and with hepatic dysfunction, may participate in maintaining homeostasis of sodium and fluid volume in patients with chronic liver disease.

Aldosterone↗