Biomedical subjects

C Hiller

Publications and source records attributed to C Hiller.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1980

Aerodynamic size distribution of cromolyn sodium at ambient and airway humidity.

The aerodynamic size distribution of cromolyn sodium was determined at ambient and high (98%) humidity using the single particle aerodynamic relaxation time analyzer. This instrument measures the aerodynamic size single, suspended solid particles and liquid droplets in the respirable size range. The measurement accommodates all properties such as density, shape and surface characteristics that affect aerodynamic behavior. Particle morphology under ambient humidity conditions was studied using scanning electron microscopy. Count median aerodynamic diameter increased from 1.40 to 1.52 micron (p < 0.05), and the mass median aerodynamic diameter increased from 2.31 to 3.02 micron (p < 0.005) when measured at ambient and high humidities. The total mass of 0.99 mg of active ingredient aerosolized at ambient humidity in the size range compatible with pulmonary deposition was approximately 5% of the total mass of active ingredient packaged in the capsule. The low mass of particle aerosolized in the size range appropriate for pulmonary deposition may explain the low estimated deposition of cromolyn reported by other investigators.

Aerosols↗

PubMed1978

Analysis of the HLA-ABC linkage disequilibrium: decreasing strength of gametic association with increasing map distance.

1242 HLA-ABC haplotypes of the North German population (Hambrug) as deduced by family analyses are described. They are in perfect agreement with recently published data by Mayr (1977) from Austria (Vienna) in all parameters tested: frequency of the single HLA-alleles, haplotype distribution and linkage disequilibrium values. Gametic association studies revealed that 69.4% of the B and C genes (map distance 0.2cM) 36.9% of the A and C genes (0.6 cM), but only 23.2% of the A and B genes (0.8 cM) were significantly more often combined than expected due to their frequencies. From these findings it seems likely that the linkage disequilibrium within the MHC is rather due to a short evolutionary period than to selective forces. Some observations as to the most common European haplotype A1,B8 are discussed.

Alleles↗

PubMed1978

Modern treatment of bronchial asthma.

Various biochemical mediators and autonomic events lead to symptom-causing pathological changes in asthma attacks, that is, mucosal edema, mucous gland hypersecretion, and bronchial smooth muscle contraction. The discovery of alpha and beta adrenergic receptors, and the observation that cyclic AMP is the intracellular effector in cells stimulated by various hormones, led to a better understanding of the mechanism of action of medications of asthma. Emergence evaluation, in addition to history, physical findings, and physiological status, should include prior asthma history, physical findings, and physiological status, should include prior asthma history. Initial emergency therapy in patients with a history suggesting responsiveness to simple measures includes subcutaneous epinephrine, 0.2 to 0.5 mg, or terbutaline sulfate, 0.25 mg. Also, the patient may benefit from inhalation of an aerosolized bronchodilator. Patients who do not respond to initial treatment in three to four hours or who deteriorate, should be hospitalized. Hospitalized asthma patients should be constantly observed and monitored. The emergency treatment should be continued vigorously. Corticosteroid therapy should be started upon admission. The response rate to therapy in the hospitalized asthmatic is highly variable. Outpatient management involves patient education in the nature of asthma and in the fact that multiple drugs and frequent changes in therapy may be required to bring the symptoms under control.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗

PubMed1978

Aerodynamic size distribution of metered-dose bronchodilator aerosols.

The aerodynamic size distributions of 9 commonly used bronchodilator aerosols were determined by using a new instrument, the single-particle, aerodynamic relaxation time analyzer, which can measure the aerodynamic size of single particles and droplets in real time independent of density, shape, and other physical characteristics. The following commercial preparations were studied: Duo-Medihaler, Medihaler-Epi, Medihaler-Epi Medihaler-Iso, Norisodrine Aerotrol, Alupent, Metaprel, Isuprel Mistometer, Bronkometer, and Asthma-Meter. Count median diameters ranged from 0.62 to 0.82 micrometer, and mass median aerodynamic diameters ranged from 2.8 to 4.3 micrometer. The heterodisperse nature of the aerosols was demonstrated by the relatively large geometric standard deviations, which ranged from 1.5 to 2.1. None of these aerosols had a log-normal distribution; rather, the distribution curves were multimodal.

Aerosols↗

PubMed1977

Haplotype analysis of the linkage group HLA-A:HAL-B:Bf and its bearing on the interpretation of the linkage disequilibrium.

The analysis of 650 HLA-A:HAL-B:Bf three-factor haplotypes revealed significant associations only between alleles of the very closely linked genes HLA-A and HLA-B, and Bf, respectively. Most striking is the highly significnat association of the rare Bf variant F1 with HLA-B18 and of S1 with HLA-B13, HLA-B14, and HLA-Bw21. Only random allele distributions were observed when considering the somewhat more distant genes HLA-A and Bf or the higher order interaction at all three genes. From these findings it seems likely that the linkage disequilibrium within the MHC is not due to selective forces, but rather due to a short evolutionary period.

Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X↗

PubMed1977

Foreign body removal with the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope.

Intrabronchial foreign bodies are occasionally encountered in adults but most available information in humans consists only of reports evaluating one or two cases. We surveyed our experience and found seven patients with intrabronchial foreign bodies who had been examined with the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope, six of whom were managed successfully. Nine cases have been identified in the literature. Although there were no major complications in either our cases or those in the literature, several problems were identified which under other circumstances could have caused significant complications. We assessed all of these cases for situations which presented potential risk to the patient. These risks were grouped into the following problem categories: 1. selection of appropriate bronchoscope, 2. availability of appropriate instruments, 3. control of the foreign body, and 4. unexpected foreign bodies. Endoscopists planning to use the FFB in foreign body removal should be aware of the problems and hazards which may ensue if improperly managed, and should attempt to gain experience either in the animal laboratory or in models prior to approaching patients with foreign bodies with the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

No indication of postnatal selection at the HL-A loci.

When the HL--A allele frequency and the distribution of 2, 3 and 4 different antigens, respectively, in children and old people were compared no differences could be observed between the two groups. The data thus disprove a simple model by which HL--A heterozygosity should enhance surveillance.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1976

Linkage studies between HL-A and GPT polymorphisms and other genetic markers.

The phenotypes of 56 families with 126 children from the Hamburg area as well as gene frequencies and segregation of the genetic markers GPT, AP, ADA, AK, PGM1, PGM3, 6-PGD, CHE, C3, Gc, Tf, Hp and Cp were studied. In regard to linkage, the informative families were correlated to the results of HL-A and GPT typing. The linkage was tested according to the sequential test by MORTON (1955). See article. For other gene loci, linkage to the HL-A or GPT system could not be proved. But the positive lod scores of HL-A/GPT, HL-A/AP and GPT/6-PGD may give indication for linkage.

Alanine Transaminase↗

PubMed1974