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Biomedical subjects

C Hayes

Publications and source records attributed to C Hayes.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Feasibility of population based screening in Ireland.

Population registers have formed the basis for computerised call/recall registers for screening programmes in many countries and have been important in achieving high uptakes in targeted populations. The absence of a population register for the ECCLES (European Campaign against Cancer, Localisation, Evaluation & Screening) Breast Screening Project necessitated the development of a special register of women in the target age group. The data sources used to build the project register were the Eastern Health Board and North Eastern Health Board General Medical Services database, Voluntary Health Insurance data and self-registration with the project. The register captured 86.3 per cent of the target population. A debate on the merits and difficulties associated with the setting up of a population register in Ireland is now timely.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of reminder letters on attendance for breast cancer screening.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this investigation was to analyse the response to second and third postal invitations from a group of patients previously invited for mammographic screening and to identify any demographic differences between responders and non-responders. SUBJECTS: The subjects were females aged 50-64 yr resident in 6 adjacent District Electoral Divisions (DEDs) in North Dublin where screening had not been carried out prior to the study. METHOD: Non-responders to an invitation for screening were re-invited by computer-generated letter to attend for screening 6 weeks after issue of the first invitation and a final invitation was issued at 12 weeks. Data sources used for the project register were the Eastern Health Board General Medical Services data base (GMS), Voluntary Health Insurance Board (VHI) data and self-registration. RESULTS: There were 1,310 females in the target age group who were eligible for screening. The response rate to the first invitation was 60.7 per cent. Issue of second invitation increased the response rate by 17.9 per cent. A third invitation increased the response rate by a further 7.6 per cent. Those with private medical insurance were more likely to respond to the first and third invitations. The was no difference in response rate to the second invitation for those with and without private insurance. Women aged 55-64 were more likely to respond to first, second or third invitations than those aged less than 55 yr. CONCLUSIONS: Issue of second mailed invitations to women in the target age for mammography screening is cost-effective and should be incorporated into routine policy. Response to third invitations is not cost-effective.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute respiratory effects of short-term exposures to nitrogen dioxide.

Eleven study subjects with asthma and 12 normal controls were monitored for 5 days with a portable continuous nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring instrument held at breathing level before, during, and after cooking dinner on a gas cooking range. Forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1.0), forced expiratory volume (FEV25-75), peak expiratory flow, and a tracing of the entire flow curve was monitored before the gas stove was turned on, during a break in cooking, immediately after, and 1 hr after cooking was completed. Study design for detection of health effects of the acute exposures to NO2 described above and a method of validating findings in an exposure chamber are discussed in this paper.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multipollutant exposures and health responses to particulate matter.

Epidemiological methods provide opportunities to study interactions of pollutants in complex environments. During the study of health and the environment and the evaluation of particulate matter in Tucson, we found that type, location, and temporality of particulate matter exposures were critical with respect to the various interactions that related to health effects. Indoor particulate matter interacted with other components of particulate matter found in tobacco smoke, as evidenced by lung function. The interaction of environmental tobacco smoke with indoor formaldehyde caused various symptoms. Other interactions occurred between indoor and outdoor forms of particulate matter, which caused symptoms in some of the subjects.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Associations of London, England, daily mortality with particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and acidic aerosol pollution.

During the extreme pollution episodes of 1952 and 1962 in London, England, excesses in daily mortality were clearly evident. In this study, we examined daily British Smoke, sulfur dioxide, acid aerosols, and weather variables for their short-term associations with daily mortality in the more typical (nonepisodic) winters of 1965-1972. Consideration of the acid aerosol data was of special interest because this chemical component has been suspected as a causal agent in past episodes. Temporal lag structures between the variables were examined after removal of long-term components from each series in order to obtain "rational" cross-correlations. Significant associations between same-day and lagged pollution variables and mortality were found. Alternative regression models with pollution and weather variables were also developed. The coefficients obtained were applied to the 1962 pollution episode to examine the continuity of the estimated slopes. The pollution-predicted deaths fit the observed deaths well, which supports the applicability of such deviation-derived coefficients to the absolute scale. These models were also employed to estimate mean excess daily deaths attributed hypothetically to air pollution. On average, mean effect ranged from 2-7% of all deaths during the nonepisodic winters in Greater London, but the 95% confidence intervals of these estimates overlapped for all model specifications examined. This estimated pollutant mixture "effect" cannot be attributed to a particular pollutant because of a lack of quantitative information on the relative downward biases caused by both analytical errors and errors in the spatial representativeness of each respective pollution index.

Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison and evaluation of rigid, affine, and nonrigid registration of breast MR images.

PURPOSE: A new nonrigid registration method, designed to reduce the effect of movement artifact in subtraction images from breast MR, is compared with existing rigid and affine registration methods. METHOD: Nonrigid registration was compared with rigid and affine registration methods and unregistered images using 54 gadolinium-enhanced 3D breast MR data sets. Twenty-seven data sets had been previously reported normal, and 27 contained a histologically proven carcinoma. The comparison was based on visual assessment and ranking by two radiologists. RESULTS: When analyzed by two radiologists independently, all three registration methods gave better-quality subtraction images than unregistered images (p < 0.01), but nonrigid registration gave significantly better results than the rigid and affine registration methods (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between rigid and affine registration methods. CONCLUSION: Nonrigid registration significantly reduces the effects of movement artifact in subtracted contrast-enhanced breast MRI. This may enable better visualization of small tumors and those within a glandular breast.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Heterosexual transmission of viral hepatitis and cytomegalovirus infection among United States military personnel stationed in the western Pacific.

A serosurvey of United States military personnel presenting to a sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic or reporting for routine physical examination in the Philippines was conducted to determine the risk factors for hepatitis B (anti-HBc), hepatitis C (anti-HCV), and cytomegalovirus (anti-CMV) infection. Among 470 male study subjects, 74 (15.7%) were positive for anti-HBc, five (1.1%) were positive for anti-HCV, and 232 (49.4%) were positive for anti-CMV. A history of a STD (odds ratio [OR] = 7.7) and contact with a female prostitute (OR = 2.3) were significantly associated with anti-HBc seropositivity after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, foreign birth, and classification as either a STD or routine examination patient. Anti-CMV seropositivity was significantly associated with a history of a STD (adjusted OR = 2.0). These data suggest that in this military population, heterosexual activity was a risk factor for acquiring hepatitis B and CMV infection. United States military personnel stationed in high-risk areas of the western Pacific, particularly patients presenting to STD clinics, may need to be targeted for hepatitis B vaccination.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of medical status on dental procedure time.

The purpose of this study was to determine if treatment of medically compromised patients requires more time than that of healthy patients. The time taken to complete diagnostic and manipulative procedures was studied and compared for both groups. After an evaluation of 160 procedures on 108 patients, it was determined that no differences existed in the time taken to complete technical procedures between the two groups. However, the diagnostic and evaluation phase for moderately to severely compromised patients required twice as much time as that of healthy individuals.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Traumatic pulmonary artery aneurysm: CT evaluation.

We present a patient with penetrating thoracic trauma who demonstrated an ill-defined, enlarging pulmonary opacity over several days. Computed tomography confirmed the clinical suspicion of a pulmonary artery aneurysm.

Adult↗