Acid phosphatase activity in beta-glucuronidase/sulfatase preparation from Helix pomatia.
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Acid Phosphatase↗
Biomedical subjects
C Hayashi
Publications and source records attributed to C Hayashi.
Differential assay of human salivary and pancreatic alpha-amylase using a monoclonal antibody insolubilized on bacterial cell wall.
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Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Rapid analysis of serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes by high-performance ion-exchange chromatography.
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Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
Automatic analysis of serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes by high-performance ion-exchange chromatography.
The repetitive analysis of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes has been performed on a weak anion exchanger (TSKgel DEAE-5PW), which was developed by introducing diethylaminoethyl groups into TSKgel G5000PW (10 microns particle diameter)--a hydrophilic polymer-based material of large pore size--for high-performance gel chromatography. By use of this anion exchanger, a high-pH (greater than 8.0) solvent could be used and the albumin peak was completely separate from the LDH isoenzyme peaks. After 10 successive analyses with an autosampler, the coefficient of variation of the LDH isoenzyme elution times was less than or equal to 0.90%, and the coefficient of variation for peak areas was less than or equal to 3.85%. After 40 successive analyses, resolution between isoenzymes was generally greater than 1.25. This column can be used for more than 300 intermittent injections of human serum.
Autoanalysis↗
Effects of the intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate on corrected serum calcium level and nephrogenous cyclic AMP excretion in normal human subjects.
The effect of intravenous magnesium sulfate infusion on corrected serum calcium level and parathyroid function assessed by determination of nephrogenous cAMP (NcAMP) excretion were studied in normal human subjects. Significant hypermagnesemia induced by the magnesium sulfate infusion for 120 minutes was accompanied by a gradual and progressive decrease in the corrected serum calcium level. NcAMP excretion fell rapidly, reaching a nadir between 60 and 120 minutes after the infusion began, and after that rose above the baseline excretion. Urinary calcium excretion gradually increased, reaching a peak between 120 and 180 minutes after the infusion began and then gradually decreased. Since magnesium was given as the sulfate, it is not clear whether these changes were attributable to magnesium or sulfate or both. As a control study, we performed intravenous sodium sulfate infusion. The sodium sulfate infusion caused slight hypocalcemia, slight hypercalciuria, and a significant increase in NcAMP excretion. These findings indicate that the hypocalcemia and the hypercalciuria caused by the magnesium sulfate infusion is mainly due to the effect of magnesium, and that the decrease in NcAMP excretion during the infusion is due to the effect of magnesium alone. We conclude that the hypocalcemia caused by the magnesium sulfate infusion is mainly due to the renal calcium loss, and that the inhibition of parathyroid function caused by hypermagnesemia may be only partially involved in the early phase of this hypocalcemia.
Adult↗
Reduced serum carnosinase activity in hypothyroidism.
Carnosinase hydrolyses carnosine in muscle, and its deficiency is associated with extensive neuromuscular abnormalities. We measured serum carnosinase activity in patients with thyroid dysfunction which often involves neuromuscular systems. In hyperthyroidism, the carnosinase activity was not significantly different from that in normal subjects. In hypothyroidism, however, it was significantly lower than that in normal subjects. The activity examined in five patients with hypothyroidism returned to normal after replacement therapy. In hypothyroidism, the carnosinase activity showed significant correlation with concentration of serum thyroxine and negative correlation with serum creatine kinase activity. This finding may be of practical importance in the differential diagnosis of disorders causing carnosinase deficiency.
Clinical Enzyme Tests↗
[The meaning of statistical data in medical science and their examination--true and false analysis of statistical data].
The subjects which are often encountered in the statistical design and analysis of data in medical science studies were discussed. The five topics examined were: Medical science and statistical methods So-called mathematical statistics and medical science Fundamentals of cross-tabulation analysis of statistical data and inference Exploratory study by multidimensional data analyses Optimal process control of individual, medical science and informatics of statistical data In I, the author's statistico-mathematical idea is characterized as the analysis of phenomena by statistical data. This is closely related to the logic, methodology and philosophy of science. This statistical concept and method are based on operational and pragmatic ideas. Self-examination of mathematical statistics is particularly focused in II and III. In II, the effectiveness of experimental design and statistical testing is thoroughly examined with regard to the study of medical science, and the limitation of its application is discussed. In III the apparent paradox of analysis of cross-tabulation of statistical data and statistical inference is shown. This is due to the operation of a simple two- or three-fold cross-tabulation analysis of (more than two or three) multidimensional data, apart from the sophisticated statistical test theory of association. In IV, the necessity of informatics of multidimensional data analysis in medical science is stressed. In V, the following point is discussed. The essential point of clinical trials is that they are not based on any simple statistical test in a traditional experimental design but on the optimal process control of individuals in the information space of the body and mind, which is based on a knowledge of medical science and the informatics of multidimensional statistical data analysis.
Statistics as Topic↗
Decreased activity of carnosinase in serum of patients with chronic liver disorders.
We measured the activity of carnosinase, a prominent hepatic peptidase, in sera from 69 patients with liver disorders. Mean values (and SDs) for those with liver cirrhosis (17 cases) and hepatoma (seven cases) were 0.51 (0.28) and 0.68 (0.21) mumol/mL per hour, respectively--clearly less than for normal adults: 4.19 (0.95) mumol/mL per hour. Samples from 17 cases of chronic hepatitis also showed moderately decreased activity, 1.41 (0.97) mumol/mL per hour. In contrast, 14 cases of acute hepatitis generally showed values falling within the normal limits: 3.41 (1.97) mumol/mL per hour. Our results for carnosinase correlated with those for cholinesterase (r = 0.70) and with the concentration of albumin in serum (r = 0.59), but not with the activity of either creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, or alanine aminotransferase in serum. Carnosinase values differed more among groups of disorders than did the values for cholinesterase or albumin. Measurement of serum carnosinase activity may be of clinical value in assessing the severity of chronic liver-cell damage, but not in differentiating liver disease from nutritional, muscle, or endocrine disorders.
Adult↗
Fate of bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells after intracutaneous, intraperitoneal, and intravenous transfer into genetically mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice. Evidence that cultured mast cells can give rise to both connective tissue type and mucosal mast cells.
Both connective tissue mast cells and mast cells grown in vitro are derived from multipotential hematopoietic stem cells, but these two mast cell populations exhibit many differences in morphology, biochemistry, and function. We investigated whether the phenotype of cultured mast cells or their progeny was altered when the cells were transferred into different locations in vivo. Cultured mast cells were immature by ultrastructure, and stained with alcian blue but with neither safranin or berberine sulfate, a fluorescent dye that binds to the heparin of connective tissue mast cell granules. By contrast, mast cells recovered from the peritoneal cavity of congenitally mast cell-deficient (WB X C57BL/6)F1-W/Wv (WBB6F1-W/Wv) mice 10 wk after intraperitoneal injection of cultured WBB6F1-+/+ or C57BL/6-bgJ/bgJ mast cells stained with both safranin and berberine sulfate. Staining with berberine sulfate was prevented by treatment of the cells with heparinase but not chondroitinase ABC, suggesting that the adoptively transferred mast cell population had acquired the ability to synthesize and store heparin. Furthermore, the recovered mast cells were indistinguishable by ultrastructure from the normal mature peritoneal mast cells of WBB6F1-+/+ mice, and contained substantially more histamine than mast cells studied directly from culture. Intravenous injection of cultured mast cells resulted in the development of safranin-and berberine sulfate-positive mast cells in the peritoneal cavity, spleen, skin, and glandular stomach muscularis propria. Mast cells also developed on the glandular stomach mucosa, but these cells stained with alcian blue rather than safranin, and did not stain with berberine sulfate. This result suggests that cultured mast cells can give rise to mast cells of either the connective tissue type or mucosal phenotype, depending on anatomical location. Furthermore, transplantation of cultured mast cells into WBB6F1-W/Wv mice had no measurable effect on the anemia of the recipient mice, suggesting a possible strategy for repairing the mast cell deficiency of WBB6F1-W/Wv mice without affecting other bone marrow-derived populations such as erythrocytes. Intravenous injection of representative connective tissue type mast cells (30-50% pure peritoneal mast cells derived from WBB6F1-+/+ mice) gave results similar to those obtained with cultured mast cells: mast cells developing in the peritoneal cavity, skin, spleen, and glandular stomach muscularis propria of WBB6F1-W/Wv recipients stained with safranin and berberine sulfate, whereas mast cells developing in the mucosa of the glandular stomach stained only with alcian blue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Animals↗
Mast-cell precursors in the skin of mouse embryos and their deficiency in embryos of Sl/Sld genotype.
Concentration of mast-cell precursors in the skin and liver of mouse embryos was evaluated by the limiting dilution analysis. The concentration of mast-cell precursors in the liver of (WB X C57BL/6)F1 (hereafter WBB6F1)-+/+ embryos reached the maximum level at Day 15 of the pregnancy, whereas the concentration in the skin at Day 17. The concentration of 17-day skin was about 10 times as high as that of 15-day liver. Appearance of morphologically identifiable mast cells in the skin followed the increase in concentration of the skin precursors. Concentrations of mast-cell precursors in the skin and liver of mutant embryos of Sl/Sld genotype were also measured to clarify the mechanism of mast-cell depletion in this mutant. Although the concentration of mast-cell precursors in the liver of WBB6F1-Sl/Sld embryos was comparable to that of the WBB6F1-+/+ embryos, the concentration in the skin of the Sl/Sld embryos was about 1% that of the +/+ embryos. Moreover, the concentration of morphologically identifiable mast cells in the skin of the Sl/Sld embryos was about 0.1% that of the +/+ embryos. Thus, mast-cell production in Sl/Sld embryos seemed to be suppressed at two stages; (1) during deficient invasion of liver-derived precursors into the skin, or the decreased proliferation of these cells, or both of these causes, (2) during differentiation of the precursors into mast cells.
Animals↗
Differentiation processes of connective tissue mast cells in living mice.
Mice of mutant genotypes were used to investigate the differentiation process of connective tissue mast cells. Mast cell precursors, which are a progeny of the multipotential hematopoietic stem cell, leave the bone marrow, migrate in the bloodstream and enter into connective tissues where they proliferate and differentiate into mast cells. A portion of morphologically identifiable mast cells may function as committed and localized mast cell precursors. When local production of mast cells is demanded, the mast cells with proliferative potentiality respond first. Further demand is met by invasion and differentiation of marrow-derived precursors.
Animals↗
Occupational therapy issues in the treatment of the long-term mentally ill.
In this paper, a single case study is used to facilitate discussion of problems encountered by occupational therapists engaged in working with the long-term mentally ill. The achievement of the long-range and multi-faceted approach necessary for the management of this population is a recognized challenge. Some of the paradoxes and dilemmas involved in programming and the measurement of outcome and success are clarified. As well, sources of stress to individuals involved in working with the long-term mentally ill are considered. Issues addressed include: philosophy of approach, professional and personal conflicts patients' wishes and involvement, and the low priority given to working with this group. Two main objectives of the paper are to: bring an appreciation for the complexity of the difficulties presented and demonstrate how occupational therapists can offer valuable contributions in working with the long-term mentally ill.
Chronic Disease↗
Extensive proliferation of subsequently injected marrow cells in parental-to-F1 hematopoietic chimeras that restored normal stem cell concentration after initial transplantation.
We investigated the fate of donor stem cells that were injected into hosts with a normal concentration of spleen colony-forming unit (CFU-S). Radiation chimeras were used as hosts. When CFU-S concentration in the marrow and spleen recovered to preirradiation levels after the initial bone marrow transplantation, the subsequent transplantation was done without reirradiation. Giant granules of beige C57B1/6 (bg) mice were used as a marker and proliferation and differentiation of the stem cells of the subsequent donor origin were evaluated by measuring the proportion of neutrophils with giant granules. No beige-type neutrophils were detectable at week 24 after transplantation of 5 X 10(7) marrow cells from bg mice to intact (WB X C57B1/6)F1 (F1) mice, which were used as control recipients. In contrast, transplantation of 5 X 10(7) marrow cells to radiation chimeras resulted in the appearance of neutrophils of second-donor origin. The proportion of beige-type neutrophils was 12% at week 24 after transplantation of bg marrow cells to F1-to-F1 (syngenic) or C57B1/6-+/+-to-bg (B6-to-bg) (congenic) chimeras; the proportion of beige-type neutrophils was 43% when bg marrow cells were transplanted to B6-to-F1 semiallogenic chimeras; the proportion of normal-type neutrophils was 82% when F1 marrow cells were injected to bg-to-F1 semiallogenic chimeras. Thus, the interaction of the host hematopoietic microenvironment with the stem cells of the initial donor as well as with the stem cells of the second donor seems to influence the proliferation and differentiation of the latter stem cells.
Animals↗
[Thromboxane B2 in surgery].
Plasma thromboxane B2 (TxB2) level were measured in patients with various disease, and its changes were investigated in patients who underwent various operations. The following results were obtained. Plasma TxB2 values in patients with TAO, heart disease, and malignant disease were significantly elevated compared with healthy control. Plasma TxB2 values during operation and immediate period after operation were significantly elevated compared with preoperative values. Plasma TxB2 level was markedly elevated in bypass operation when synthetic prosthesis were used. In patients with malignant disease, plasma TxB2 values significantly decreased after removal of tumor compared with preoperative values. In cardiopulmonary bypass, TxB2 level were markedly elevated ten minutes after beginning, and then decreased gradually until the end of cardiopulmonary bypass. The factors which are considered to be related to elevation of plasma TxB2 level during the operation and the postoperative period are as follows: a) surgical intervention, b) anesthesia, c) thromboembolic complication, d) grafting of synthetic prosthesis. e) valve replacement and f) cardiopulmonary bypass. The positive correlation between beta-TG and TxB2 level was found. TxB2 measurement is complex and too expensive, while measurement of beta-TG is very easy and cheap. Because of their good correlation, beta-TG is used as substitute for TxB2 in daily practice.
Adult↗
Proliferation of peritoneal mast cells in the skin of W/Wv mice that genetically lack mast cells.
Presence of mast cell precursors in the mouse peritoneal cavity was demonstrated, and the precursors were characterized. When a cell suspension, containing mast cell precursor(s), was directly injected into the skin of genetically mast cell-deficient WBB6F1 (WB X C57BL/6)-W/Wv mice, a cluster composed of approximately 2,000 mast cells appeared at the injection site. By determining the proportion of injection sites at which the mast cell cluster appeared, the concentration of mast cell precursors can be calculated by limiting dilution analysis. The concentration in the peritoneal cavity was about five times as great as the concentration in the bone marrow. Although peritoneal mast cell precursors were shown to originate from the bone marrow, physical characterization revealed that the peritoneal precursors differed from the marrow precursors. The peritoneal precursors were less susceptible to irradiation than the marrow precursors; the former were heavier than the latter. When a 95% pure mast cell suspension was prepared from the peritoneal cells by the removal of phagocytes and the density gradient centrifugation, 1 out of 16 cells had the potentiality to make a mast cell cluster in the skin of the W/Wv mice. Moreover, when a single mast cell was identified under the phase contrast microscope and picked up with the micromanipulator, 1 out of 17 mast cells made the cluster. This indicated that some peritoneal mast cells kept extensive proliferative potentiality even after morphological differentiation. In other words, some peritoneal mast cells themselves may function as the committed precursors.
Animals↗
Automated enzymatic determination of serum and urine creatine using the Abbott ABA-200.
A new enzymatic method is described for the determination of creatine in serum and urine with Abbott ABA-200. The measurement is accomplished by transforming creatine to formic acid in a reaction catalyzed by creatinase (creatine amidinohydrolase), sarcosine oxidase and formaldehyde dehydrogenase (see Figure 1). The assay takes less than 20 minutes. The standard response is linear for creatine concentrations up to 10 mg/dL (serum) and 80 mg/dL (urine). The coefficients of variation at 0.69 mg/dL (serum) and 4.93 mg/dL (urine) for within-day determination were less than 4% and, for between-day determination, were less than 5%. Results obtained by this procedure on one hundred serum and urine samples conformed well with a manual enzymatic method and the Folin method. The method is useful for the automated measurement of creatine in serum and urine.
Aldehyde Oxidoreductases↗
Fluorometric assay of human serum carnosinase activity in normal children, adults and patients with myopathy.
A sensitive, accurate method has been established for the assay of serum carnosinase by measuring the fluorescence emitted from the L-histidine liberated on treatment with o-phthaldialdehyde. Using this method the serum values for normal adults, infants and children were measured. The mean value was very low in infants of less than 1 year old but increased with age, being almost the same in children aged 6 years or more as in adults. In adult men, the mean activity was 1.85 mumol/mL/h and in adult women it was 2.07 mumol/mL/h. Low activity was observed in patients with muscular dystrophy.
Adult↗
[Susceptibility of clinical isolates to cefotaxime. Comparison to new antibiotics latamoxef, cefoperazone, and ceftizoxime].
Susceptibilities of 372 strains of bacteria to cefotaxime (CTX) were determined based on the inhibition zone diameter obtained by the single-disc method. Four categories were assessed. Susceptibility of clinical isolated to CTX and 3 other antibiotics. Against most strains, CTX showed higher antibacterial activity than other drugs in the low concentration, especially for S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, S. agalactiae, E. coli and P. morganii. Susceptibility of strains isolated from different clinical materials. CTX showed the highest antibacterial activity against most strains isolated from pus, blood and cerebrospinal fluid and showed higher activity against strains isolated from other materials, too. Susceptibility of clinical isolates in 7 different fields. CTX was shown to have uniformly higher antibacterial activity than other drugs against isolates from such fields as internal medicine, pediatrics, surgery, urology, obstetrics & gynecology, dermatology and otorhinolaryngology. CTX showed the highest antibacterial activity in dermatology. Susceptibility of all clinical isolates. CTX showed the highest antibacterial activity against isolated pathogenic 352 strains (except for P. aeruginosa of 20 strains).
Bacteria↗