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Biomedical subjects

C Hansson

Publications and source records attributed to C Hansson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Infections and treatment of chronic leg ulcers: the use of antibiotics is too excessive, restrictive prescription is recommended].

Chronic venous leg ulcers are contaminated or colonised with bacteria that seldom affects ulcer healing. Signs of clinical infection appear in only a minority of chronic ulcers. In spite of this, data show a high consumption of antibiotics in this group of patients. Treatment with antibiotics is indicated only when clinical signs of infection or obvious risk factors are present or when Streptococcus pyogenes is isolated from the ulcer. In these cases an oral antistaphylococcal agent (semisynthetic penicillinase-resistant penicillin or first generation oral cephalosporin) is recommended as the first choice. Enterococci, anaerobic bacteria and gram-negative bacteria including pseudomonas spp. often colonise chronic ulcers, but do not usually cause antibiotic requiring infection.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1998

[Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism after cadexomer iodine treatment of leg ulcers].

The article consists in two case reports of eldery patients who developed hyperthyroidism after cadexomer iodine treatment of small leg ulcers. The first was an 87-year-old woman who developed anxiety, hoarseness and tachycardia after five months treatment of a 12 cm2 leg ulcer with 350 g cadexomer iodine. Her serum level of free thyroxine (FT4) was 23.1 pmol/l (normal range, 11.7-28.0), and that of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 0.01 mIU/l (normal range, 0.1-3.0). She had had a nodular goitre for thirty years. The second was an 86- year-old woman who developed depression and confusion after three months' treatment of an 8 cm2 leg ulcer with 170 g cadexomere iodine. Her serum level of FT4 was 30.0 pmol/l, and that of TSH 0.005 mIU/l. Both patients underwent Tc99m pertechnetate scanning and iodine uptake measurement with a view to treating the hyperthyroidism with radio-iodine. However, as iodine uptake was inhibited in both cases, radio-iodine treatment was impossible, and symptomatic treatment and antithyroid drugs had to be used. Thus, it is concluded that topical treatment with cadexomer iodine can induce hyperthyroidism difficult to manage clinically as the treatment options are limited, which should be borne in mind when cadexomer iodine treatment is considered.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1998

Periodontal conditions following surgical and orthodontic treatment of palatally impacted maxillary canines--a follow-up study.

This follow-up study reports on the periodontal status 1 to 18 years after the completion of orthodontic treatment of unilateral palatally impacted maxillary canines and their adjacent incisors and premolars. Registrations were performed on 42 patients, 19 to 59 years old (mean 35 years) at investigation. An orthodontic pin with eyelet had been placed after exploration of the canine and, in some cases, bone removal. A flap had been raised and resutured after bone removal in 11 cases. The results showed greater mesial probing depth of the canines on the treated side, on the adjacent lateral incisors distolingually, and on the first premolars mesiolingually. Marginal bone level was found to be lower on the distal aspect of the treated canines and adjacent laterals. In general, the results showed a good gingival and periodontal status with slight differences between treated and untreated sides.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The Fy(x) phenotype is associated with a missense mutation in the Fy(b) allele predicting Arg89Cys in the Duffy glycoprotein.

The molecular basis of the three major alleles (Fy(a)/Fy(b)/Fy) of the Duffy (FY) blood group system has recently been established but the Fy(x) phenotype associated with weak expression of the Fy(b) and other FY antigens is poorly understood. In the Fy(x) genes of five unrelated British and Swedish donors with the Fy(a+b+weak) phenotype we found two missense mutations predicting amino acid changes Arg89Cys and Ala100Thr in the FY glycoprotein. The same mutations were found in two Fy(a-b+weak) samples from individuals of Swedish and Algerian origin. Their red blood cells showed a marked decrease in Fy(b), Fy3 and Fy6 expression measured by routine serology and flow cytometry. The rare FY genotypes Fy(x)Fy(x) and Fy(x)Fy were confirmed by family studies and DNA sequencing. Screening by allele-specific primer PCR (ASP-PCR) for these mutations among 100 Caucasian and 100 Black random blood donors indicated allele frequencies of 2.5% and 0% respectively. Ala100Thr alone was present in 33% of the Caucasians (but none of the Blacks) with no weakening of FY expression. A novel allele at the FY locus associated with the Fy(x) phenotype was studied. Mistyping of this weak Fy(b) antigen in clinical transfusion medicine may lead to delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions in immunized patients. A potential role for genomic typing is proposed.

Alleles↗
PubMed1998

The effects of cadexomer iodine paste in the treatment of venous leg ulcers compared with hydrocolloid dressing and paraffin gauze dressing. Cadexomer Iodine Study Group.

BACKGROUND: The aim was to examine cadexomer iodine paste in a comparative clinical trial. METHODS: A 12-week, randomized, open, controlled, multicenter, multinational trial in patients with exudating, venous leg ulcers of cadexomer iodine paste (Iodosorb/Iodoflex), hydrocolloid dressing (Duoderm E, Granuflex E), or paraffin gauze dressing (Jelonet) was carried out. All patients used short-stretch compression bandages (Comprilan) throughout the study. The primary efficacy variable was a reduction in ulcer size (%), and the secondary end-point was the time taken to stop exudation, when the patient had completed the study according to the protocol. A total of 153 patients entered the study and were treated for 12 weeks or until cessation of exudation. RESULTS: The mean reduction in ulcer size in all patients was 62% with cadexomer iodine vs. 41% and 24% for hydrocolloid and paraffin gauze (ns). Of those treated for 12 weeks (n = 51), ulcer area reduction was 66% for cadexomer iodine and 18% for hydrocolloid (p = 0.0127). For the whole material, the rate of healing (ulcer area reduction per week) was significantly higher for cadexomer iodine than for paraffin gauze (0.64 cm2/week vs. 0.19 cm2/week, p = 0.0353). The treatment costs were similar in all groups; however, when the costs were correlated with healing over a 12-week period, cadexomer iodine paste was found to be more cost effective than hydrocolloid dressing or paraffin gauze dressing. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that cadexomer iodine paste is an efficient, cost-effective and safe alternative to hydrocolloid dressing and paraffin gauze dressing for the treatment of venous leg ulcers.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A clinically applicable method for determining the three major alleles at the Duffy (FY) blood group locus using polymerase chain reaction with allele-specific primers.

BACKGROUND: The clinically significant antigens of the Duffy (Fy [FY]) blood group system are expressed on the red cell form of the FY glycoprotein, a promiscuous chemokine receptor and also a receptor for malarial parasites. After the cloning of cDNA coding for FY glycoprotein, the molecular basis of the three major alleles (Fya/Fyb/Fy) has been established. Because of the mistyping of the silent Fy allele as Fyb, the error rate of current genotyping methods is high in black populations. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Two hundred blood donors (European whites and African Blacks) and some amniotic DNA samples were investigated by a new allele-specific primer polymerase chain reaction technique. Sense primers corresponding to normal and GATA-1-mutated FY gene promoter region sequences were combined with antisense primers discriminating the Fya/Fyb polymorphism. RESULTS: Complete correlation between FY phenotypes and genotypes was obtained in all samples studied, although, in two whites and one black, serology showed weak Fyb expression while polymerase chain reaction indicated a Fyb allele. Gene frequencies were calculated. CONCLUSION: This simple and rapid polymerase chain reaction method was shown to detect the three common alleles at the FY locus in two representative ethnic populations. Its future use as an independent technique in red cell FY investigations and for fetal genotyping in hemolytic disease of the newborn is predicted.

Alleles↗
PubMed1997

The macrophage migration inhibitory factor MIF is a phenylpyruvate tautomerase.

A macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), originally described as a product of activated lymphocytes, has been defined as a 12 kDa protein, expressed in a wide variety of tissues. Here MIF is identified as a phenylpyruvate tautomerase (EC 5.3.2.1) having p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and phenylpyruvate as its natural substrates. The definition of MIF as an enzyme may yield insight into the mechanism of action of this proinflammatory and immunomodulating cytokine.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1997

Extraction of mercaptobenzothiazole compounds from rubber products.

At evaluation of contact dermatitis caused by solid material, patch testing is usually performed with the material as such and with extracts of it. In this study, optimization of the extraction technique monitored by quantitative HPLC analysis of the extracted haptens is described for mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives. Several solvents with different properties are included. Acetone has traditionally been a solvent widely used for the extraction of organic haptens from solid products. However, acetone and other ketones are not inert solvents. The rubber accelerators 2-(4-morpholinyl mercapto) benzothiazole (MMBT) and N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide (CBS) react with acetone, yielding 2 new compounds, which were isolated and characterised by NMR and MS. For the extraction of solid rubber products, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was found to be a more suitable solvent which is unreactive to most common haptens.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1997

Concomitant contact dermatitis due to textile dyes and to colour film developers can be explained by the formation of the same hapten.

p-phenylenediamine derivatives are widely used in industry and in cosmetics, and several of them are well-known sensitizers. One group of allergenic p-phenylenediamine derivatives are used as colour film developers. Cross-reactivity between the colour film developers has been reported. In this paper, an occupational facial dermatitis due to colour film developers is described. The patient reacted to colour film developers (CD-1, CD-2, CD-3, and CD-4), but not to other p-phenylenediamine derivatives tested. He also showed allergic reactions to Disperse Blue 106 and Disperse Blue 124 and to Disperse Red 17, but not to Disperse Orange 3. The activation of the colour film developers by oxidation at physiological pH was analysed with chemical methods, and the mechanism responsible for the concomitant reactivities to the colour film developers and the disperse dyes at a molecular level is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Interactive wound dressings. A practical guide to their use in older patients.

The properties of an ideal wound dressing do not change with the introduction of new types of wound dressing, but the range of effects on wound healing increases. The number of dressings available is enormous, and the choice between them is often bewildering. Because there is still no ideal dressing for all wound types, it is necessary to get to know a few well, and to avoid switching to new therapies solely on the basis of anecdotal reports. The adoption of novel dressings should be based on scientific evidence. At present, dressings are still chosen on the basis of local traditions and personal empirical experience, together with evidence from the few double-blind, placebo-controlled trials that have been performed. In the management of ulcers, a particular wound management plan should not be changed if the ulcer being treated is decreasing in size and the patient is comfortable. The dressing should be chosen with care. The type of chronic ulcer and its appearance, the amount of exudate and the presence or absence of pain all assist in the selection of an appropriate wound dressing product. Quality-of-life aspects are important. In the elderly, good quality of life may not necessarily require complete ulcer healing, although this is naturally desirable. Dressing changes should be minimised and the ulcer should be kept moist and the surrounding skin dry. The high cost of interactive dressings is a potential disadvantage of their use. However, if the wound can be re-dressed at longer intervals and if healing occurs more quickly, their use may be cost effective and associated with less pain and a better quality of life.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Treatment of adolescents with Hansaplate/headgear. Influence on face in profile and on dentition.

The treatment effects of Hansaplate/headgear in the course of 1 year were analyzed. Twenty-one girls and 19 boys, 10 and 11 years old, respectively, with postnormal occlusion and an average overjet of 8 mm, made up the treatment group. Forty untreated patients with the same type of malocclusion and dentofacial morphology as the treated children, and paired and matched for sex and age, made up the controls. Measurements were obtained from cephalometric headfilms. Matched-intrapairs analysis of control versus treatment changes after 1 year of treatment was done. This showed that the treatment resulted in inhibited sagittal growth of the maxilla, increased anterior face height and a flattened soft tissue profile with a less protrusive upper lip and a less pronounced sulcus mentolabialis. The overjet decreased by 5 mm on average. Only slight retroclination of the upper incisors without extrusion and retroclination of lower incisors to the mandibular plane occurred. No significant anterior positioning of the mandible as compared with the controls was recorded in this study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Pulmonary 99mTc-human serum albumin clearance and effects of surfactant replacement after lung lavage in rabbits.

OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary clearance of technetium-labeled human serum albumin was measured in order to investigate whether the surfactant layer is a rate-limiting factor for the permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane for 99mTc-labeled albumin. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Nineteen white New Zealand adult rabbits. INTERVENTIONS: Three groups of rabbits were studied: group 1 animals received natural surfactant after lung lavage; group 2 animals underwent lung lavage only; and group 3 animals were not lavaged and served as an untreated, healthy control group. All animals were ventilated with high pressures. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: 99mTc-labeled albumin was nebulized into the inspiratory line of the breathing circuit with an air jet nebulizer. The clearance measurements were then immediately started. Gamma camera images were obtained in 1-min frames for 120 mins and stored in a 64 x 64 image matrix in a computer. In group 1 animals, surfactant restored blood gases to near normal, and all animals except one had bi-exponential clearance curves. The half-life of the fast compartment was 35.9 +/- 6.4 mins, and the half-life of the slow compartment was 847.5 +/- 143.5 mins. All group 2 animals also had bi-exponential clearance curves of the tracer (the half-lives of the fast and slow compartments were 14.6 +/- 6.7 and 459.8 +/- 167 mins, respectively). The half-lives of both the fast (p < .01) and slow (p < .01) components were significantly different between groups 1 and 2. Group 3 had a mono-exponential half-life of 580 +/- 225 mins. CONCLUSIONS: The use of 99mTc-human serum albumin as a tracer molecule is possible and feasible. The clearance of this tracer is, in part, determined by the integrity of the pulmonary surfactant system, as it is with 99mTc-diethylenetriamine pentaacetate.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Antibodies to pneumococcal polysaccharides in human milk: lack of relationship to colonization and acute otitis media.

BACKGROUND: This study analyzed antibodies to pneumococcal polysaccharides in human milk and their effect on nasopharyngeal colonization and acute otitis media in breast-fed infants. METHODS: A total of 503 milk samples were collected from 310 mothers. Nasopharyngeal cultures were obtained from their children at 2, 6 and 10 months postpartum, and the capsular groups/types of the Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were determined. RESULTS: Types 6A, 6B, 19A, 19F and 23F accounted for 54% of the pneumococcal isolates, but type 3 isolates were uncommon. Milk samples were analyzed for antibody activity to the common capsular polysaccharide types 6A, 19F and 23F; to the type 3 polysaccharide; to C-polysaccharide; and to phosphorylcholine (PC), a major component of the pneumococcal cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS). Anti-capsular antibody activity was low or absent in > 90% of the milk samples. In contrast anti-PC antibody activity was detected in 88% and anti-CWPS in 84% of the samples. The frequency of acute otitis media did not vary with the milk anti-capsular, anti-PC or anti-CWPS antibody activity. CONCLUSIONS: There was no reduction in nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae among children fed milk with anti-capsular or anti-PC antibody activity, but carriage was increased in those children who received milk with anti-CWPS antibody activity. A protective role of antipolysaccharide or anti-CWPS antibodies in milk was not detected under the study conditions.

Adult↗