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Biomedical subjects

C Hagen

Publications and source records attributed to C Hagen.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Effects of natural oestrogen therapy on blood pressure and renin-angiotensin system in normotensive and hypertensive menopausal women.

The blood pressure level and the renin-angiotensin system were investigated in 24 menopausal women (12 normotensive and 12 hypertensive) before, during and after six months of treatment with either oestradiol or trisekvens (sequential preparation containing oestradiol, oestriol and norethisterone acetate). In the normotensive women no significant alterations in systolic or diastolic blood pressure were found during treatment for six months. In the hypertensive women systolic blood pressure fell significantly during treatment with oestradiol as well as with trisekvens, while diastolic pressure did not change. All individual variations of blood pressure were small. The plasma concentrations of renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone remained unchanged during the treatments. A statistically significant increase in plasma renin substrate concentration was observed in all groups with the exception of the normotensive women treated with oestradiol. Menopausal symptoms in hypertensive women may safely be treated with natural oestrogens on the same indications as used for normotensive women.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Pituitary function in patients with evidence of spontaneous disappearance of a pituitary adenoma.

Forty-four untreated patients with an enlarged sella were studied (excluding patients with acromegaly, Cushing's disease, and those with radiological evidence of suprasellar extension). In 20 patients CT revealed a completely or partially empty sella. Based on recent studies we take this finding to signify the previous presence of a pituitary adenoma which has undergone complete or partial necrosis. Ten of the 20 patients had in fact experienced symptoms typical of a pituitary apoplexy compared with only one out of the other 24 patients. Adrenal, thyroid, and growth-hormone insufficiency occurred as often in patients with an empty sella as in those with a solid pituitary tumour. In contrast, plasma prolactin levels were much lower in patients with an empty sella than in patients with a solid tumour (11 vs 166 ng/ml). It is assumed that this discrepancy reflects previous necrosis occurring in an adenoma hypersecreting prolactin. These results emphasize the importance of taking the spontaneous course of pituitary adenomas into account when assessing the effect of various treatment protocols.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1983

Gonadotropin responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone and prolactin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone and metoclopramide in women with amenorrhea and insulin-treated diabetes mellitus.

Gonadotropin responses to GnRH and PRL responses to TRH and metoclopramide (MTC) were investigated in nine consecutive women with amenorrhea and insulin-treated diabetes mellitus. Nine normal menstruating diabetic women, 12 normal women in the early follicular phase, and nine consecutive nondiabetic women with functional amenorrhea served as controls. No significant differences were found in relation to diabetes regulation within the two diabetic groups. Amenorrheic patients with diabetes mellitus had significantly lower basal PRL levels than normal women and estradiol levels compared to the other groups. Basal plasma LH concentrations were significantly lower in women with amenorrhea and diabetes mellitus than in nondiabetics with amenorrhea, whereas plasma FSH levels were similar in all groups. The LH response to GnRH was significantly lower in amenorrheic patients with diabetes mellitus than in normal women, and a significant correlation (r = 0.81, P less than 0.01) was found between the LH response to GnRH and the basal estradiol level in these women. The FSH response to GnRH and the PRL response to TRH were similar in all groups. Amenorrheic diabetics had significantly lower PRL responses to MTC compared to other groups, and nondiabetics with amenorrhea had significantly lower PRL response than normal women. It is concluded that diabetic patients with functional amenorrhea have low basal and MTC-stimulated PRL levels, low basal LH levels, and decreased LH response to GnRH despite low estrogen levels. These hormonal changes may in part be caused by a raised central dopaminergic activity leading to a depression of pituitary ovulatory mechanisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Dose-response evaluation of cyclic estrogen/gestagen in postmenopausal women: placebo-controlled trial of its gynecologic and metabolic actions.

In order to study dose-response relationships of estrogen in normal postmenopausal women, 100 volunteers were randomized to 12 months' treatment with placebo or one of three different doses (high, medium, or low) of natural estrogens (17 beta-estradiol and estriol), sequentially combined with norethisterone acetate for 10 of the 28 cycle days. A total of 87 women completed the trial with examinations every 3 months. Relief of climacteric symptoms was dose related, being 70%, 56%, and 33% in the high, medium, and low estrogen groups and unchanged in the placebo group. Regular vaginal bleeding occurred in 78% receiving high-dose in 64% receiving medium-dose, and in 40% receiving low-dose estrogen. Bone mass increased in the high and medium groups, was unchanged in the low group, and declined in the placebo group. Dose-related decreases in serum cholesterol of 10%, 5%, and 3% occurred in the three respective estrogen groups. Serum triglyceride levels, blood pressure, and body weight remained unchanged in all groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Clinical and hormonal characteristics in women with anovulation and insulin-treated diabetes mellitus.

Clinical characteristics and basal hormonal parameters related to ovulatory function were investigated in 22 diabetic patients with anovulation (group 1) and in nine normally menstruating diabetic patients (group 2) and 45 nondiabetic patients with anovulation (group 3). No significant differences according to control of the diabetes were demonstrated within the two diabetic groups. Groups 1 and 3 did not differ according to classification of anovulation. Group 1 had significantly (P less than 0.01) lower levels of prolactin (PRL), 17 beta-estradiol (E2), thyrotropin (TSH), 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) than those of group 3, and significantly (P less than 0.01) lower levels of E2 and TSH than those of group 2. The urinary excretion of cortisol was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (P less than 0.05) and group 3 (P less than 0.01). These data suggest a derangement in pituitary-gonadal feedback mechanisms or a depression of pituitary function in anovulatory diabetic patients, and we hypothesize that an increased central/peripheral dopamine and/or cortisol activity in these patients may to some extent influence the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Immunoreactive material resembling ovine prolactin in perikarya and nerve terminals of the rat hypothalamus.

The presence of prolactin (PRL)-like material is demonstrated in the brain of rats with the aid of anti-ovine PRL (oPRL) IgG as primary antibody in the unlabeled antibody-enzyme method. Immunoreactive deposits are visualized as an intraneuronal constituent with a widespread distribution in the hypothalamus and neural lobe of the pituitary. Dense networks of reactive nerve terminals derived from two prominent fibre tracts, a ventral (VHT) and a dorsal hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract (DHT) are seen. The VHT is confined to the median eminence and pars oralis tuberis, the DHT to the pars caudalis tuberis. Both fibre tracts pass through the infundibular stalk into the neural lobe. The origin of the immunoreactive nerve terminals can be elucidated only to some extent. The VHT gives off beaded fibres entering the ependymal and glandular layer of the median eminence. Immunoreactive perikarya are observed in the supraoptic nucleus, the paraventricular nucleus, the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, the anterior commissural nucleus, the preoptic nucleus and the interstitial nucleus of the stria terminalis. A few of the immunoreactive perikarya are observed in close connection with brain vessels and the ependymal cells of the third ventricle. The results indicate that the anti-oPRL has a unique region specificity implying that only a segment of the mammalian PRL molecule is present in these nuclei of the brain. Fragments of PRL may function as neuromodulators or neurotransmitters in the rat brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

B cell function in patients with chronic pancreatitis and its relation to exocrine pancreatic function.

Exocrine pancreatic function was evaluated by a Lundh meal test and a secretin-cholecystokinin test in 16 patients with chronic pancreatitis. B cell function was assessed by measuring the concentration of C-peptide after stimulation with oral glucose and intravenous glucagon. The Cc-peptide response to intravenous glucagon and oral glucose was closely correlated (r = 0.88, p less than 0.01). Plasma C-peptide after glucagon was significantly correlated to the post-prandial concentration of lipase (r = 0.72, p less than 0.001), amylase (r = 0.64, p less than 0.05) and to amylase output (r = 0.64, p less than 0.05). Eight out of nine patients treated with insulin had residual B cell function, but it diminished significantly with increasing duration of diabetes. We conclude that B cell function is correlated to pancreatic enzyme secretion and that patients with insulin-treated diabetes secondary to chronic pancreatitis have a residual insulin secretion similar to that of patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effects of two years' estrogen-gestagen replacement on climacteric symptoms and gonadotropins in the early postmenopausal period.

The effects of estrogen/gestagen (e/g) treatment given in a 28-day cycle (Trisequens forteR, Novo) on menopausal symptoms and plasma concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were studied in a placebo trial. 119 normal women in the early postmenopausal period with mild to moderate climacteric complaints were included. At 3-month intervals for 2 years the participants were examined and filled in questionnaires containing the 11 symptoms of the Kupperman index (10). For each symptom a score was given. In the e/g group 77% (43/56) completed the trial compared with 83% (54/63) in the control group. A total of 61% of the women complained of hot flushes and from 9% to 44% complained of the remaining 10 Kupperman symptoms. At all eight examinations e/g treatment was found to have reduced the symptom score as well as the proportion of women with hot flushes, paresthesia, insomnia, nervousness, vertigo and formication. The symptom score of hot flushes and insomnia declined significantly (p less than 0.01). In the 24 women with hot flushes and in the 19 without, e/g caused similar reduction in the mean score of the other 10 symptoms. No placebo effect was seen. E/g caused a significant (p less than 0.01) fall in the elevated plasma concentrations of FSH and LH. Vaginal bleeding was regular in 38/43 and irregular in 4/43 women during hormone treatment. No serious side effects were attributed to e/g therapy. It is concluded that e/g treatment, in addition to its beneficial effects on hot flushes and insomnia, also alleviates several other climacteric symptoms.

Bendroflumethiazide↗
PubMed1982

Depressed prolactin levels in diabetic women with anovulation.

The circulating levels of prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol-17 beta were determined by radioimmunoassay in 76 normal healthy women in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, 54 consecutive anovulatory non-diabetic women and 20 consecutive diabetic women with anovulation. An elevated plasma PRL concentration was found in 1/20 (5%) of the diabetic women and in 17/54 (32%) of the non-diabetic anovulatory women (p less than 0.05). Plasma concentrations of estradiol-17 beta and gonadotropins in diabetics did not differ (p greater than 0.05) from those found in non-diabetic women with anovulation. Diabetic women with secondary amenorrhea had significantly (p less than 0.05) lower plasma concentrations of PRL and estradiol-17 beta than non-diabetic women with amenorrhea and normal controls. Furthermore, this group of diabetic women had lower median plasma LH concentrations than the non-diabetics with secondary amenorrhea and normal controls, but this difference was not significant (p greater than 0.05). These data indicate that diabetic patients with anovulation have hypothalamic and/or pituitary defects. Furthermore, the low prolactin and LH levels despite a low estradiol-17 beta concentration may suggest an increased hypothalamic dopamine activity in patients with diabetes mellitus and secondary amenorrhea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

No effect of bromocriptine in acromegaly: a controlled trial.

Although bromocriptine, a dopamine receptor agonist, is now widely used in the treatment of acromegaly, there have been no controlled trials of its biochemical or clinical effects on this disorder. We assessed its effects in a double-blind, crossover study. Eighteen patients with acromegaly were given bromocriptine and placebo alternately for three months per medication. Their responses to oral glucose-tolerance tests during the two regimens did not differ significantly. The number of patients noting amelioration of clinical symptoms during treatment with bromocriptine was almost identical to the number with clinical improvement during placebo. We conclude that it remains doubtful whether bromocriptine has a beneficial effect in acromegaly.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1981

Effect of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 in itself or combined with hormone treatment in preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Eighty-four normal women, 2.5--5 years after their natural menopause, participated in a controlled double-blind trial. The effect of various therapeutic regimens on postmenopausal bone mineral loss was measured by photonabsorptiometric determination of the bone mineral content of both forearms. The women were randomized into four treatment groups: 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) alone in a daily dose of 0.25 micrograms, oestrogens/gestagen alone or combined with 1,25(OH)2D3, and placebo. The groups treated with oestrogens/gestagen (without and with 1,25(OH)2D3) showed a similar increase in bone mineral content of about 1% during one year of treatment. In contrast, both the placebo group and the 1,25(OH)2D3 group demonstrated a decrease of 1.9% and 2.1%, respectively, within the same period of time. While 1,25(OH)2D3 did not alter the rate of bone loss, it caused the characteristic and pronounced increase in urinary calcium excretion (15%). It is concluded that 1,25 (OH)2D3 neither serves as an alternative nor as an additive to gonadal hormones in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1981

Prolactin, growth hormone, thyrotropin, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, and thyroxine responses to exercise after fat- and carbohydrate-enriched diet.

The effect of 4 days of intake of a fat-enriched (76%) diet (F1 and F2 experiments) or a carbohydrate-enriched (77%) diet (CH experiment) on circulating levels of glucose, insulin, GH, PRL, and thyroid hormones during prolonged exercise was studied in seven healthy males. After each of the three diet periods, the subjects ran on a treadmill at 70% of individual maximal oxygen uptake. At exhaustion, a 10-min rest was allowed, after which the subjects were encouraged to run while glucose (F1 and CH experiments) or glucose and insulin (F2 experiment) concentrations were restored to preexercise levels. The fat diet decreased the mean concentrations of glucose, insulin, and T3 at rest and increased the mean GH level, whereas, mean PRL, T4, and TSH levels were not changed by diet. During exercise, the decline in glucose and insulin concentrations as well as the progressive increase in GH and PRL concentrations in plasma were enhanced by the fat diet compared to the carbohydrate diet (P < 0.02). Plasma concentrations of T4, T3, and TSH were not significantly (P > 0.05) changed during exercise, but at identical times the T3 concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in CH experiments than in F experiments. Glucose or glucose and insulin infusion during continued exercise eliminated hypoglycemic symptoms, and a further small rise in plasma PRL concentration was seen after the fat-enriched diet and glucose infusion (F1 experiment) but not during the F2 and CH experiments. In contrast, GH, TSH, T3, and T4 levels were not significantly (P > 0.05) changed in any of the experiments. These data suggest that glucopenia can be an important modulator of plasma GH and PRL during exercise. Furthermore, it is suggested that GH secretion is more sensitive to a decrease in glucose and insulin levels than PRL secretion.

Adult↗