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C Höhne

Publications and source records attributed to C Höhne.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Perioperative conjunctival flora].

BACKGROUND: The conjunctival flora is of great interest for each case of intraocular operation preventing postoperative infections. Despite of negative cultures before the operation we investigated in a prospective randomized study perioperatively the bacterial situation of the conjunctiva in 105 patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We took conjunctival swabs for microbiological examination from patient's eye operated on cataract or glaucoma, on the day of admission to the eye clinic and in the morning of the operating day. In addition, specimens were taken by nurses with Transwab MW-172 P before the local anaesthesia, disinfection of the conjunctiva and lids and application of eye drops, after these procedures by a research worker, at the end of the operation by the surgeon and two to three days after the operation by nurses with Transwab MW-172 P again. In 53 patients we collected lacrimal fluid to measure the lysozyme concentration. RESULTS: Out of 686 conjunctival swabs we have found 126 (18.4%) positive cultures. Staphylococcus epidermidis had the highest incidence (109 = 86.5%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (7 = 5.5%). Only in 28 eyes all conjunctival swabs, taken at different times, were negative. There was an increase of positive cultures from routine swabs on the day of admission from 13 (12.4%), to 33 (31.7%) in the swabs taken on the day of the operation in the morning. On the other side the positive cultures decreased then continuously before and after the preparation of the operation, at the end of the operation and during two to three days postoperatively. There was'nt any statistical correlation between the concentration of the lacrimal lysozyme and the rate of positive cultures. CONCLUSION: The preoperative bacteriological diagnostic of the conjunctiva is important mainly for the prevention of postoperative endophthalmitis despite the transience and fluctuation of the conjunctival flora but also in case of endophthalmitis for rapid specific antibiotical therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Effect of tonometry and nasolacrimal duct irrigation on bacterial flora of the conjunctiva].

This study was undertaken to assess the influence of preoperative ophthalmological examinations on the microbial flora of the conjunctiva. For this purpose, 112 patients awaiting ocular surgery were included in the study. Conjunctival swabs for microbiological investigation were taken by nurses on the day of admission. In addition, specimens were taken before an ophthalmological examination, after applanation and impression tonometry, after irrigation of the lacrimal duct and 2 h after the end of all examinations. A last swab was taken preoperatively. Comparison of the microbiological results of the first two specimens only showed an agreement in 53% of the cases. The increase after tonometry and irrigation of the lacrimal duct in the number of swabs that were positive was not permanent. Swabs that were primarily germ-free and those that were mostly contaminated also showed strong bacterial fluctuation. Based on the present results, there is no strong evidence that the microorganisms found at the preoperative examinations correlate with a higher risk of postoperative infection. Disinfection of the conjunctival sac and the application of antibiotic drops are necessary on the day before the operation and immediately before it.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Occurrence of plasmids in black-pigmented gram-negative anaerobes.

Black-pigmented Gram-negative anaerobes are causative agents of pyogenic infections and are closely linked to various forms of periodontal diseases. Whereas many studies have shown a high incidence of plasmids in intestinal Bacteroides spp., there have been only a few reports of plasmid analyses in pigmented Gram-negative anaerobes. According to previous reports and confirmed in this study, plasmids can be present in Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Prevotella intermedia, Pr. melaninogenica, and B. levii but have not been detected in P. gingivalis or other black-pigmented species. There were no correlations between plasmids and phenotypes such as resistance to antibiotics or bacteriocinogenicity. The highest carriage rate was found in isolates from cases of chronic otitis media, but the relationship between this site of infection and a high incidence of plasmids could be incidental. The size of plasmids ranged from 1.5 to 29 MDa. Plasmids with molecular weight > 10 MDa were described for the first time in these organisms. Repeated plasmid analyses showed that the plasmid patterns were generally stable.

Bacteroidaceae↗
PubMed1993

Antimicrobial activities of black-pigmented gram-negative anaerobes.

The antimicrobial activities of Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis isolates were tested against other species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative anaerobes as well as against each other. Generally, Pr. intermedia possessed significantly higher antimicrobial activity than P. gingivalis. The strongest activity of P. gingivalis towards Gram-negative anaerobes was directed against Pr. intermedia. Cross-sensitivity between both species was observed with strains from different lesions. Antimicrobial activity towards strains of the same species was detected only with Pr. intermedia. No correlations were found between plasmid content and antimicrobial activity. It was concluded that the inhibitory potency of Pr. intermedia could be one reason for the high proportion of black-pigmented Gram-negative anaerobes in the subgingival flora of periodontitis lesions.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

[Diagnosis and therapy of chronic canaliculitis].

The chronic lacrimal canaliculitis is often overlooked and unsatisfactory treated. The purpose of this long-term study (1978-1991) is to call attention to special bacteriological signs and to give recommendations for proper treatment. 54 patients (39 females and 15 males) in age from 29 to 85 years (average age of 60 years) with a chronic lacrimal canaliculitis were evaluated. "Sulfur granules" were obtained from 32 patients and 54 specimens were collected from 44 patients and processed immediately for aerobic and anaerobic cultivation as well as microscopic investigation. Altogether 100 bacteria could be isolated: 56 anaerobes, 38 aerobes as well as 6 microaerophilic and capnophilic strains, respectively. Members of the genus Actinomyces were the most often isolated anaerobes. They could be detected in specimens of 15 patients by culture and in materials of 4 patients only by microscopic study. 42 from 50 patients were permanently cured by immediate treatment according to our operative procedure despite the splitted canaliculus. The most common cause of chronic lacrimal canaliculitis is a mixed infection. Despite the characteristic clinical symptoms the laboratory evaluation should be done to provide the diagnosis. The surgical procedure leads to a permanent functional healing in a high degree.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Resistance of intestinal strains of Bacteroides to antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents].

Antibacterial therapy of anaerobic infections usually involves chemotherapy. The basis of therapy is assessment of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotic or chemotherapeutic agents needed to eliminate the suspected causal agents of infection. The authors assessed MIC of 9 selected antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents (metronidazole, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, azlocillin, mezlocillin, cephoxitin, oxytetracycline, lincomycin, erythromycin) by the dilution method in blood agar in 157 strains of the most important types of the genus Bacteroides which were isolated in 1985-1989 from different clinical materials in Bratislava and in Halle (GDR). All tested strains were sensitive to metronidazole and chloramphenicol. Resistance to clindamycin was very rare. Strains resistant to azlocillin, mezlocillin and cephotoxin were more frequent. A high resistance to lincomycin, oxytetracycline and erythromycin was found. Difference in sensitivity of strains from the CSSR and GDR were slight. Similarly results of the present work differed little from those of previous work.

Bacteroides↗
PubMed1990

[The direct detection of volatile fatty acids by gas chromatography in microbiological diagnosis].

The gas chromatographic analysis of volatile fatty acids (VFA) is of great significance in the diagnosis of anaerobes and anaerobic infections, respectively. The ether extraction commonly used for this purpose is relatively consuming in time and material. In this relation, the presented method of detection of VFA in the aqueous phase directly shows essential simplifications but has a lower sensitivity. Therefore, this method cannot replace the ether extraction to investigate broth cultures of anaerobes for taxonomical purposes. But it enables the determination of VFA with sufficient sensitivity in clinical materials of patients. Herewith, the detection of acetic acid only indicates an infection without anaerobes if the concentration is higher than 20 mg/100 ml. On the contrary, a high correlation exists between the detection of n-butyric acid as well as isovaleric acid and the cultural isolation of anaerobic microorganisms.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed1989

Rapid diagnosis of intestinal Bacteroides species by means of the immunofluorescence.

Rapid methods serving the detection of intestinal Bacteroides species in clinical specimens are of great significance. For this purpose, an identification of the species is possible at present only by means of immunofluorescence (IF). Using preparations of antigens of different intestinal Bacteroides species (B. fragilis, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. uniformis, B. ovatus, and B. distasonis) as well as immune sera prepared against them, the presented results have shown the possibility of specific identification of the species involved by means of direct and indirect IF, respectively. However, it could be demonstrated that the direct IF results in a more brilliant appearance of the bacteria than the indirect procedure. Convincing results could be obtained also in the investigation of clinical specimens by means of the direct IF using a pool of conjugated immunoglobulin fractions (sensitivity 88%, specificity 100%). Therefore, the direct method to detect intestinal Bacteroides species by IF should be preferred.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Comparative microbiological, macro- and microscopic and x-ray findings in iatrogenic perforation of the maxillary sinus depending on the time of its lancing].

To determine whether the inflammation afflicting the sinus mucosa shortly after oroantral communication is due to an injury or an infection, microbiological studies of two biopsy preparations each were performed simultaneously in 20 patients with the diagnosis: radix in antro. As a rule, notwithstanding the time of oroantral communication aerobe micro-organisms corresponding to the local conditions of oral and nasal flora. Primary asepsis of the sinus mucosa being assumed, an infection of the sinus maxillary has to be taken into account only one hour after the dislocation of a root of the tooth into the sinus maxillary. After six hours the infection will be followed by an inflammatory reaction.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Direct gas chromatography analysis of volatile fatty acids and lactic acids in microbiological diagnosis].

The gas chromatographic analysis of short-chain fatty acids is of great significance in the rapid diagnosis of anaerobic infections and bacterial meningitis. A new analytical method is presented detecting lactic acid without prior derivatisation in addition to volatile fatty acids in the aqueous phase directly. Lactic acid levels greater than 30 mg/dl are measured in cerebrospinal fluids of patients with acute bacterial meningitis. The sole detection of acetic acid in concentrations higher than 20 mg/dl indicates aerobes in clinical materials. A high correlation exists between the determination of n-butyric acid as well as iso-valeric acid and the occurrence of anaerobic bacteria.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed1989

[Rapid diagnosis of Bacteroides using immunofluorescence].

Intestinal Bacteroides species belong to the most common causative agents of human anaerobic infections. Because their cultural diagnosis is complicated by the presence of a so-called "empty interval of diagnosis" lasting for several days, rapid diagnostic methods are of great significance. Due to the possibility of specific antigen detection the fluorescence antibody technique (FAT) is especially qualified for this purpose. The presented investigations demonstrate that the direct FAT should be preferred to the indirect method in the diagnosis of infections caused by intestinal Bacteroides species.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1987

[Supplementary methods for the determination of the Gram reaction of anaerobic pathogens].

Anaerobic microorganisms (364 gram-negatives and 154 gram-positives) were investigated with respect to their behaviour against aqueous solutions of potassium hydroxide as well as their sensitivity to polymyxin and vancomycin by means of the disk diffusion test. Whereas the gram-negative anaerobes showed a good correlation (97.5%) with a positive KOH test, only 88.3% of the gram-positive microorganisms exhibited a negative KOH reaction. Therefore, in cases of ambiguous gram-negative staining results, the KOH test alone cannot give sufficient informations about the exact gram reaction. It was shown, however, that together with the determination of resistance to polymyxin and vancomycin, this uncertainty remains only for microorganisms showing a positive KOH reaction, polymyxin resistance, and vancomycin sensitivity. Therefore, in combination with the polymyxin and vancomycin disk diffusion test, the KOH test is recommended as an additional means to determine the gram reaction of anaerobes.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed1987

[Methodologic problems in the detection of indole formation by anaerobic pathogens].

The demonstration of indole formation is of great value for the identification of pathogenic anaerobes. A reduction of the pH to values below the critical range of 5.1-5.3 in complex media 5.5 in simple testing substrates, respectively, which is caused by the presence of fermentable carbohydrates and will result in false-negative reactions. For this reason, the indol test should be performed with an adequate buffer capacity and an addition of fermentable carbohydrates should be avoided. Strains showing a false-negative reaction in the spot indole test can be reliably accounted for by means of the rapid test in buffered tryptophan solution described here without having to use additional anaerobic culture methods.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1982

[In vitro effect of acylureido penicillins and mezlocillin on anaerobic sporeless gram-negative rods of genus Bacteroides].

313 anaerobic gram-negative rods of the Bacteroides genus isolated from 295 clinical specimens were tested for their sensitivity to azlocillin and mezlocillin using the dilution method with agar plates. 25 mg/l of azlocillin inhibited 80.2% of the strains and the same concentration of mezlocillin inhibited 86.9%. The somewhat higher in vitro activity of mezlocillin is also seen by the lower mean minimal inhibitory concentration, which is approx. 23.6 mg/l for mezlocillin and 27.6 mg/l for azlocillin. The highest resistance for both drugs were found with B. distasonis (14 strains), followed by B. thetaiotaomicron (63 strains), B. fragilis (161 strains) and B. uniformis (7 strains). The good sensitivity of strains belonging to the B. melaninogenicus group corresponds to the well-known sensitivity of these micro-organisms to penicillins. On the basis of a "break point" of 25 mg/l, a decrease in the proportion of sensitive strains was found between 1974 and 1979. 50 mg/l, a concentration which can be maintained over a longer period of time if applied in a suitable manner, will inhibit 97.4% (azlocillin) and 98.4% (mezlocillin) of the strains. Thus in our opinion azlocillin and especially mezlocillin are suitable drugs for the initial therapy of pyogenous infections in which intestinal Bacteroidaceae are of pathogenic significance.

Azlocillin↗