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Biomedical subjects

C H de Menibus

Publications and source records attributed to C H de Menibus.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Degenerative complications of diabetes].

Even optimally treated insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is responsible for a significant number of complications which impair daily activities and shorten life expectancy in most patients. The cause of these complications has been under investigation for many years. Substantial evidence supports the following 1) a role of high blood sugar levels which lead to glycosylation processes; 2) presence of disorders related to inadequate nutrition, and specifically excessive dietary intake of saturated fatty acids, rather than to insulin deficiency. Furthermore, hereditary factors may play an additional role (HLA haplotypes may promote the development of complications). Antibodies and/or hormonal factors may also be involved. Whatever the mechanisms involved, there is no doubt that every effort should be made to achieve normal blood sugar and lipid levels. But what is the optimal degree of control? What is the ideal diet? Is it necessary to risk severe hypoglycemia? Should insulin pumps be routinely used? Since many of these issues are as yet unresolved, there is a need for collecting valid data on long-term complications with several therapeutic regimens. Unfortunately, most of the many published statistical studies on these complications are virtually invalid. This fundamental issue is discussed. The authors urge diabetes mellitus specialists to use the actuarial method already used by oncologists for many years.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical value of the determination of serum IgE in allergy to cow's milk proteins in infants].

The serum IgE, that are associated to the process of the immediate allergy are studied in children presenting a clinical semiology suggestive of intolerance to the cow-milk proteins, in order to specify their contribution in the diagnosis and the follow-up of this disease. The serum IgE are determined by the PRIST method and the presence of the milk proteins specific IgE, by the RAST method. In infants (n = 80) fed with infant formula and less than 4 months old, if it obviously appeared an increase of the global IgE with the age, on the other hand, no one had specific IgE to the cow-milk proteins. The same methods were used in children presenting a clinical semiology of IPLV. It appeared these children could be separated in 2 groups according to the presence or the absence of extra-digestive symptoms (urticaria...). There is significant increase of the global IgE level and the first group, but not in the second one. The two main allergens more frequently implicated are the alpha-lactalbumin and the beta lactaglobulin. Meanwhile the RAST efficiency is better for the global allergen to the cow-milk. Meanwhile, the determination of the specific IgE to the milk PLV does not present a prognosis interest. In fact, the success of a milk proteins reintroduction is not necessarily correlated with a previous negativation of RAST.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Neonatal hypoglycemia caused by hyperinsulinism and subsequent epilepsy].

A historical cohort study was undertaken to determine the risk of epilepsy in a population of 18 newborns with neonatal hypoglycemia due to insulin excess. Follow-up was 3 years 8 months (range 7 years-1 year 3 months). Insulin excess was associated with maternal diabetes in 13 infants, with an isolated macrosomia in 2 infants, in one case with probable Langerhans hyperplasia, and in 2 newborns only prolonged beta-sympathomimetic therapy was the possible cause of insulin excess. Newborns with anoxia, brain malformation or small for date were excluded. Two newborns had hypoglycemia with epileptic clonic seizures, but only one was later epileptic. In this case, hypoglycemia was severe and persistent (16 hours). Hyperinsulinism was related to Langerhans hyperplasia. CT scan made at ages one and 6 months showed large hypodensity of the frontal and occipital white matter. Visual evoked responses were also abnormal. Visual evoked responses and CT scan normalized at 1 year. In other children, asymptomatic hypoglycemia (n = 11) or symptomatic hypoglycemia without epileptic seizures (n = 5) did not increase the epileptic risk as none of them had epileptic seizure later on. Thus, seizures associated with neonatal hypoglycemia alone seem to increase the epileptic risk with duration and severity of hypoglycemia being also essential prognostic factors.

Epilepsy↗
PubMed1985

[Value of echography in the diagnosis of hematomas of the digestive tract wall in rheumatoid purpura].

Three cases of Henoch-Schönlein purpura with intramural hematoma of the duodenum, jejunum or colon are reported. In the first 2 cases, there was complete agreement between the X-ray and ultrasonographic data: multiple thumb print defects and irregular narrowing of the digestive lumen, and thickening of the intestinal wall, respectively. Ultrasonography was the only investigation performed in the third case. Finally, in 2 of 3 cases an exudative enteropathy of unclear mechanism was discovered.

Child↗
PubMed1983

[Intolerance to cow's milk. Study of specific immunoglobulin E].

IgE's specifically directed against alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin and casein were evaluated in the sera of 164 children aged between 8 days and 3 years, suspected of intolerance to cow's milk. In addition to these three RAST's for single allergens, a "total cow's milk proteins" RAST was performed. Intolerance was detected in 107 out of 180 sera tested, with at least one of the RAST's being positive. The two specific allergens most frequently involved were alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin. However, these proved curiously less sensitive than the "total allergen", which makes the use of these tests of little interest as a rule. A highly significant positive correlation was found between total IgE's and positivity of the four RAST's.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Value of gastroesophageal scintigraphy for the detection of gastroesophageal reflux in infants].

50 children with a strong clinical suspicion of gastroesophageal reflux and 10 control patients were evaluated with gastroesophageal scintiscans. 500 muCi à 1 mCi of Tc sulfur colloid mixed the patients' routine milk or formula feeding was administered and serial images of the abdomen and thorax were obtained. A positive scintiscan was found in 35 patients (sensitivity 70%) and none of the controls (specificity 100%). A comparison of findings in 34 patients referred for both radiographic and radionuclide studies showed that barium studies were positive in 38% and radionuclide in 64.7%. We found this examination to be more sensitive that the standard barium radiography particularly in patients with respiratory symptoms. We concluded that the GE scintiscan is complementary to barium studies in the diagnosis of GE reflux. Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents was detected in only a case of the 35 patients with documented GE reflux. A T 1/2 emptying gastric longer than 90 minutes (linear calculation) or 105 minutes (exponential calculation) is an indirect GE reflux test. This procedure is simple, safe more physiologic than other available examinations.

Gastroesophageal Reflux↗
PubMed1982

Coupling defect of thyrotropin receptor and adenylate cyclase in a pseudohypoparathyroid patient.

A patient with type I pseudohypoparathyroidism was found to have mild hypothyroidism. The patient had an elevated basal TSH level and an exaggerated TSH response to TRH. There was no goiter despite increased TSH levels, and the 131I thyroidal uptake was low before and after exogenous TSH administration. These studies suggested that the patient might have partial resistance to TSH. The binding of radioiodinated TSH to thyroid membranes obtained by biopsy was next studied. The displacement of iodinated TSH by unlabeled TSH was found to be identical to that in normal control membranes. The adenylate cyclase stimulation by a supramaximal dose of TSH, however, was blunted (120.1 +/- 11.5 vs. 387.2 +/- 40.3 pmol cAMP/min/mg protein), while basal and NaF-stimulated activities were quite similar to the activities in normal membranes. These findings suggested a lack of signal transmission between the TSH receptor and the catalytic unit. Incubation of control membranes with TSH and GTP resulted in a synergistic effect on the adenylate cyclase activity. This was not found with the patient's membranes and suggested that the coupling failure was due to a defective guanine nucleotide regulatory protein. We conclude that in this case of type I pseudohypoparathyroidism, the associated mild primary hypothyroidism was due to a partial TSH refractoriness caused by a coupling defect between the TSH receptor and adenylate cyclase. This observation suggests that a common pathogenetic mechanism might underly type I pseudohypoparathyroidism and its associated hypothyroidism.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗