Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C H Miller.
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During a 12-month period, four of the five infants with hemophilia known to have been born in Arkansas were examined for head bleeding. Three of the infants had had traumatic delivery, with use of low forceps in two and vacuum extraction in one. In the fourth patient, hemophilia was prenatally diagnosed, and vaginal delivery resulted in cephalohematoma. Diagnosis was delayed in three patients, including one with a family history of hemophilia. Central nervous system bleeding may be more common in hemophilic neonates than has been presumed. Pregnancy management should include consideration of family history of bleeding disorders and carrier testing in appropriate cases. In confirmed carriers, prenatal diagnosis is justified to allow choice of the least traumatic delivery method. Any term neonate with intracranial hemorrhage should be treated as being possibly hemophilic until proved otherwise.
Anticoagulant and room temperature storage of peripheral blood was evaluated in healthy and diseased persons (AIDS and CLL) for its effect upon lymphocyte phenotyping by flow cytometry. Whole blood was stored in either Li heparin, EDTA, or ACD for up to 96 hours. Aliquots at 5 time intervals were evaluated using CD3, CD2, CD4, CD8, and CD19 monoclonal antibodies. Blood from healthy donors stored in EDTA produced an apparent increase in T cells and decrease in B cells most evident by 96 hours storage. Blood from diseased persons stored in Li heparin up to 96 hours showed insufficient changes in phenotype to warrant a different clinical interpretation. We conclude that all three anticoagulants are adequate for short term (less than 24 hr) room temperature transport and storage of peripheral blood for flow cytometry. Li heparin or ACD are more appropriate if prolonged transport times are anticipated.
We studied the interaction between paracetamol (acetaminophen U.S.P.) and enflurane. Sixteen rats were assigned to four groups (n = 4) to receive: paracetamol 7.5 mg/100 g body weight; paracetamol plus 1% enflurane; 1% enflurane alone, or no treatment (controls). Animals were killed 6 h later. A second series of 16 were treated identically, but were killed after 24 h. Measurements were made of fluoride concentrations in serum, liver and urine (indicators of biotransformation of enflurane), paracetamol concentrations in urine, pathological changes in liver samples, and concentrations of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum. Pretreatment with paracetamol significantly decreased urinary fluoride at 6 and 24 h after exposure to enflurane, but decreased fluoride concentrations in serum and liver only at 6 h after exposure to enflurane. Paracetamol concentrations in urine did not change after exposure to enflurane. Exposure to paracetamol alone increased AST and ALT. At 24 h after exposure to enflurane, serum concentrations of enzymes in rats pretreated with paracetamol were similar to those of control rats. Pretreatment with paracetamol may therefore inhibit metabolism of enflurane. Although no hepatic damage was observed, the increased in AST and ALT suggested subclinical liver damage in rats given only paracetamol.
This study evaluated the rubber dam as an infection control barrier during standard restorative procedures. Microbial collection was performed during preparation and placement of amalgam and composite resin restorations with and without the rubber dam, and during handpiece and air-water syringe spraying with and without the rubber dam. The results showed a significant reduction in microorganisms with the use of the rubber dam--70% to 88% and 95% to 99%, respectively; and 90% to 98% when all data were combined. These results indicate that using the rubber dam is a method of reducing microbial contamination at the primary source. Used with gloves, mask, and protective eyewear, the rubber dam provides an excellent barrier to the potential spread of infectious disease in the dental office.
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Between 1934 and 1983, 23 patients with well-documented diagnosis of radiation-associated sarcoma (RAS) were seen at the University of Michigan Medical Center. The median latent period from irradiation to diagnosis of RAS was 13 years with a minimum latent period of 3 and a maximum of 34 years. All sarcomas originated in previously normal tissues within the irradiated field. Pathology slides available in all patients were reviewed by the same pathologist for the purpose of the study, and the diagnosis of sarcoma was confirmed histologically. There were five bone sarcomas and 18 soft tissue sarcomas. Thirteen patients developed radiation-associated sarcoma following megavoltage treatment with a minimum total radiation dose of 25 Gy in 2 1/2 weeks. The other 10 patients received orthovoltage and/or brachytherapy irradiation alone or combined with external beam radiation. In this group, the radiation doses ranged from 25 Gy to 72 Gy except for one patient who received 8 Gy delivered by orthovoltage irradiation as treatment of knee arthritis. Four patients were originally treated for benign conditions. All the other patients (n = 19) received radiation therapy for a variety of primary malignancies including carcinoma of the cervix (n = 4), brain gliomas (n = 13), Wilm's tumors (n = 2) and retinoblastomas (n = 2), among others.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
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