Biomedical subjects

C H Lin

Publications and source records attributed to C H Lin.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of a 12-mer duplex d(GGCGGAGTTAGG).d(CCTAACTCCGCC) containing a highly reactive (+)-CC-1065 sequence by 1H and 31P NMR, hydroxyl-radical footprinting, and NOESY restrained molecular dynamics calculations.

The solution structure of the GC-rich non-self-complementary DNA 12-mer duplex (I), which contains a (+)-CC-1065 highly reactive bonding sequence 5'AGTTA* (where * denotes the [formula: see text] covalent modification site), has been examined thoroughly by one- and two-dimensional proton and phosphorus NMR spectroscopy, hydroxyl-radical footprinting, and NOESY restrained molecular mechanics and dynamics calculations. The assignments of the nonexchangeable proton resonances (except some of the H5' and H5" protons due to severe resonance overlap), phosphorus resonances, and the exchangeable resonances (except amino protons of adenosine and guanosine) of this 12-mer duplex have been made. The results show that this 12-mer duplex maintains an overall B-form DNA with all anti base orientation throughout in aqueous solution at room temperature. Hydroxyl-radical footprinting experiments on a 21-mer sequence that contains this 12-mer duplex used for NMR studies showed that the minor groove is somewhat narrowed at the 7G-8T and 17A-18C steps, as indicated by the inhibition of cleavage at these locations. Although both high-field NMR and hydroxyl-radical footprinting experiments supported a bent-like structure for this 12-mer duplex, nondenaturing gel electrophoresis on the ligated 21-mer sequence that contains this 12-mer duplex did not show the abnormally slow migration characteristic of a bent DNA duplex. Analysis of the NMR data sets reveals several local structural perturbations similar to those found on an (A)n tract DNA duplex. For example, the existence of a propeller twist was detected within the A.T-rich region for both the 12-mer and the (A)n tract DNA duplexes. The 18CH5 aromatic resonance that is directly adjacent to the 3' side of the 5'TAA segment was significantly shifted upfield with a chemical shift of 5.10 ppm, which is almost within the region normally associated with sugar H3' protons. The sugar geometries for 18C and 7G, which are located to the 3' side of the 5'TAA segment, are proposed to be in the neighborhood of C3'-endo and O1'-endo in equilibrium C3'-endo, respectively. We propose that this unusually upfield-shifted resonance signal for 18CH5 and the average C3'-endo sugar geometry for 18C nucleotide on the 12-mer duplex is connected with the peculiar conformation, possibly a transient kink, within the 5'AC/GT step. The results of the NOESY restrained molecular mechanics and dynamics calculations on the 12-mer sequence reveal two kinks, which are located on either side of the 18C nucleotide that has an average C3'-endo sugar geometry.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Base Sequence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Quantification analysis for saccadic eye movements.

Traditional parameters, such as latency and peak velocity, have been used for quantitative analysis of saccade dynamics. However, saccades of equal magnitude which differ substantially in dynamics may still have the same peak velocity. This lack of selectivity might degrade the efficacy of the peak velocity measurement in discriminating patients from normal subjects. In this study, an alternative parameter, the damping ratio of a second-order response, is proposed to concisely and accurately describe saccadic dynamics. A measurement of damping ratio is made by considering the response curve of saccade as the step response of a second-order transfer function. Using the least-mean-square algorithm, the second-order function has been optimized to fit the response of the saccade dynamics with the latency removed. Nineteen normal subjects (ten young and nine older) and 16 patients of Parkinson's disease (eight mildly affected and eight advanced affected) were tested for eye movements in response to pseudorandom saccadic stimuli. While the traditional peak velocity had difficulties in differentiating between the saccadic dynamics of normal and Parkinson subjects, the damping ratio is sensitive enough not only to highlight the difference between a group of patients mildly affected with Parkinson's disease and an age-matched normal group (p<0.01; abnormal versus normal), but also to distinguish between groups at different ages (p<0.01; younger versus older). It is proposed that the damping ratio could be a useful parameter in analyzing saccadic dynamics.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The purification and properties of monoacylglycerol kinase from bovine brain.

Monoacylglycerol kinase (MGK) has been purified from bovine brain by six steps: isolation of cytosol, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, ammonium sulfate fractionation (0-40%), Bio-Gel A-1.5m, hydroxylapatite, and ATP-agarose column chromatography. The overall purification was 938 times with a 4.8% yield. The column separations (particularly Bio-Gel A-1.5m) and SDS- and nondenaturing-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of enzyme purified from ATP-agarose indicated that MGK exists as a complex (approximately 350 kilodaltons) that is stabilized by 0.5 M NaCl and, on complete dissociation, yields a major protein of 72 kilodaltons. Dithiothreitol, EDTA, and ATP helped to stabilize MGK during purification. The protein peak eluted from hydroxylapatite by 25 mM phosphate activated and stabilized MGK activity. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingomyelin inhibited MGK. These phospholipids and others activated MGK synergistically with the above protein peak. MGK copurified with diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) throughout giving MGK to DGK ratios of 0.05-0.36. Optimal activity required 0.5 mM 2-monoolein and 10 mM MgCl2. Strong inhibition by p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonic acid, N-ethyl-maleimide, and 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), and prevention of this inhibition by dithiothreitol indicated the involvement of intact SH groups in the action of MGK. Purified MGK showed preference for substrates with unsaturated fatty acids except for 1- or 2-monostearin. Overall the preference favored the selective generation of 1-stearoyl- and 2-arachidonoyl-lysophosphatidic acid.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebrovascular diseases in a fixed population of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, with special reference to relationship between type and risk factors.

A study was made of the incidence of cerebrovascular disease, the chronological trends, and the relationship between the disease types and risk factors in 16,491 citizens of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The subjects underwent medical examination at least once between 1958-74, and were free of cerebrovascular disease at the initial examination. During the 16-year period, 1.162 cases of cerebrovascular disease developed in the study population, with diagnosis definite in 621. By type, there were 108 cases of cerebral hemorrhage, 469 cases of cerebral infarction, 33 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 11 cases of other unclassifiable types. As a risk factor of cerebral hemorrhage, elevation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was the most closely related to onset, and left ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiogram (ECG), and proteinuria were also related. However, a tendency was seen for the risk to be higher when the levels of serum cholesterol were lower. In cerebral infarction, aging like systolic blood pressure, was a most important risk factor. Left ventricular hypertrophy on ECG, proteinuria, and diabetes could also be risk factors. However, the relation to blood pressure, especially diastolic blood pressure, was not so great as in the case of cerebral hemorrhage.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between longitudinal changes in blood pressure and stroke incidence.

The relationship of changes in blood pressure with time to stroke incidence was examined on members of the Adult Health Study sample who have participated in biennial clinical examinations at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation since their inception in 1958. The regression coefficient of blood pressure regressed on time (the increase in blood pressure per cycle) was used as an index of the change in blood pressure with time. Cox's regression analysis, a technique which is suitable for follow-up studies was used. The data suggest that a single blood pressure measurement is not sufficient for predicting risk; the accumulated value or average over a period of time should be considered for this purpose. In addition to the actual blood pressure, the increase in blood pressure with time is a risk factor, particularly for cerebral hemorrhage. Cerebral hemorrhage was more strongly related to diastolic than to systolic blood pressure, while cerebral infarction appeared to be more strongly related to systolic than to diastolic blood pressure.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Arginine deficiency-induced hyperammonemia in a home total parenteral nutrition-dependent patient: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Patients with short bowel syndrome and renal dysfunction with TPN dependence are at high risk for developing hyperammonemia if the TPN does not contain sufficient quantities of arginine. Providing proper nutrition support is essential in the management of these patients. METHODS: We report on a patient with short bowel syndrome, TPN dependence, and normal renal function who developed hyperammonemic encephalopathy due to inadvertent lack of arginine in his TPN. RESULTS: The patient was successfully treated with hemodialysis and an IV arginine infusion to resolve the hyperammonemia. His home TPN was also adjusted such that arginine was added to his subsequent solutions. CONCLUSIONS: Our patient underscores the importance of adequate and sustained arginine supplementation to avoid hyperammonemia in TPN dependent patients with short bowel syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of parenteral nutrition on whole body and extremity composition in children and adolescents with active inflammatory bowel disease.

The effect of parenteral nutrition (PN), combined with corticosteroid therapy, on body composition was evaluated in 22 pediatric patients with active and complicated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The patients were divided into two groups according to the duration of PN. Group A consisted of 14 patients who received PN for an average of 43 days (short term) whereas eight patients received PN for an average of 104 days (long term); group B. Nutritional assessments were performed before and following the PN periods. In addition, a follow-up assessment was performed 50 days after the cessation of PN for group A. Serial evaluations included; weight, height, disease activity score, arm anthropometry, subscapular skinfold (SSSF) thickness, 24-hr urinary creatinine, and computed tomography (CT) scan of the thigh. Following PN with a glucose-fat mixture used as a nonprotein energy source, there were significant (p less than 0.05) increases in weight, SSSF, and muscle mass (MM) in both groups. Disease activity declined in both groups and height increased in group B and at the follow-up assessment for group A. Considering extremity composition, both groups exhibited increases in midarm muscle area, midarm fat area, thigh muscle area, and thigh fat area. However, a differential distribution of incremental change was observed depending on the duration of PN. Fat deposition predominated in both the upper and lower extremities for group A. Group B patients, however, although showing a predominance of fat accumulation in the upper extremities, gained muscle and fat components equally in the lower extremities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of five forage species on transport and transformation of atrazine and isoxaflutole (balance) in lysimeter leachate.

A field lysimeter study with bare ground and five different ground covers was established to evaluate the effect of forage grasses on the fate and transport of two herbicides in leachate. The herbicides were atrazine (ATR; 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) and isoxaflutole [IXF; 5-cyclopropyl-4-(2-methylsulfonyl-4-trifluormethyl-benzoyl)isoxazole], which has the commercial name Balance (Aventis Crop Science, Strasbourg, France). The ground covers included orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). The results suggested that the total IXF (parent + metabolites) showed higher mobility than ATR and its metabolites. Differences in the timing of transport reflected the rapid degradation of IXF to the more soluble, stable, and biologically active diketonitrile (DKN) metabolite in the system. Although grass treatments did not promote the hydrolysis of DKN, they significantly reduced its transport in the leachate through enhanced evapotranspiration. Grass treatments significantly enhanced ATR degradation in the leachates and soils, especially through N dealkylation, but they did not reduce total ATR transported in the leachate. Leachate from the orchardgrass lysimeters contained the highest proportion of ATR metabolites (64.2%). Timothy and smooth bromegrass treatments also displayed a significant increase in ATR metabolites in leachate. Grass-treated lysimeters showed higher microbial biomass carbon than bare ground. For ATR treatments, the proportion of metabolites in the leachate strongly correlated with the elevated soil microbial biomass carbon in forage treatments. In contrast, DKN degradation was poorly correlated with soil microbial biomass carbon, suggesting that DKN degradation is an abiotic process.

Atrazine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Calcinosis cutis following extravasation of calcium gluconate in neonates.

Neonatal hypocalcemia is not an uncommon condition, especially in the premature neonate. It is effectively treated by intravenous infusion with calcium gluconate. We treated nine neonates with subcutaneous calcium deposition following calcium replacement with calcium gluconate from Jan. 1997 to Dec. 1997. Three of the infants were born to diabetic mothers, two had perinatal asphyxia and four were born prematurity. The average dosing number was 7.4 (5 to 9 doses). The onset of calcinosis cutis was 5 to 11 days after the first dose. The replacement of calcium gluconate caused amorphous masses at the site of extravasation and contracture of joint movement. A radiographic study was performed to determine the extent and course of extravasation, and areas remote from the infusion site also showed calcification. There is no specific mode of treatment except supportive management and a skin graft. The patient could functionally recover with cosmetic residue. In our follow-up clinics, all infants completely recovered without functional limitations.

Calcinosis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hydrops fetalis with complete heart block secondary to congenital lupus: report of one case.

Neonatal lupus erythematosus is an uncommon syndrome characterized by a congenital heart block and/or cutaneous lesion. We report a male newborn with neonatal lupus erythematosus presenting with complete heart block, cutaneous lesions, and hydrops. Transplacental passage of anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La antibodies were positive. Under the regimens of steroid for maternal systemic lupus erythematosus, perinatal anticongestive agents, and postnatal ventricular pacing with inotropic therapy, the infant died at the age of two days. The prognosis of hydrops fetalis secondary to neonatal lupus with complete heart block is usually fatal.

Heart Block↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Mortality, morbidity, length and cost of hospitalization in very-low-birth-weight infants in the era of National Health Insurance in Taiwan: a medical center's experience.

The impact of implementation of the National Health Insurance on the outcome, cost, and length of hospitalization of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants is not clear in Taiwan. These data are important for the planning of medical care and regionalization in this area. This study was an attempt to examine these questions. We retrospectively collected mortality, morbidity, and length and cost of hospitalization data of VLBW (BW < 1500 g) infants between March 1995 and February 1998. There were totally 162 patients enrolled. The overall mortality rate was 21.6%; the birth weight (BW)-specific mortality rate was 72%, 31%, 19%, and 3% for infants with BWs of < 750 g, 750-999 g, 1000-1249 g, and 1250-1499 g, respectively. The incidence of morbidities were: respiratory distress syndrome (74%), patent ductus arteriosus (36%), necrotizing enterocolitis (9%), sepsis (42%), intraventricular hemorrhage (15%), retinopathy of prematurity (31%), failure to pass auditory brainstem response (ABR) (34%), and chronic lung disease (17%). The average length of hospitalization was 67.2 days, and the cost per infant was 62 x 10(4) NT dollars; 108 +/- 38 days, 73 +/- 32 x 10(4) NT dollars if BW < 750 g; 94 +/- 15 days, 99 +/- 35 x 10(4) NT dollars if BW 750-999 g; 66 +/- 23 days, 64 +/- 36 x 10(4) NT dollars if BW 1000-1249 g; and 43 +/- 14 days, 39 +/- 37 x 10(4) NT dollars if BW 1250-1499 g. In conclusion, VLBW infants are associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. They have long lengths and high costs of hospitalization, and therefore deserve attention in the implementation of the National Health Insurance and regionalization.

Hospital Costs↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Noise and related events in a neonatal intensive care unit.

The purposes of this study were to explore noise distribution, its timing, and sources of peak noise in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a University Hospital in Southern Taiwan. Two surveys on noise distribution and peak noise of the warmer bed were conducted. Noise at radiate heated beds located in the central sites of two areas, one near (Area A) and the other away from (Area B) the nursing station, were measured continuously for one week using an electronic sound-meter. Peak noise with a sound level of > 65 on the A-weighted decibel scale (dBA) and associated sources were recorded for 48 hours. Monitoring periods of peak noise consisted of a weekday and a day on the weekend randomly selected for Area A. Results showed that mean noise levels at the warmer bed in Areas A and B were 62 and 61.4 dBA on average. In over 70% of the total observation time for both areas the sound levels were > 59 dBA. The noise intensity was particularly high between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. The noise level on the weekend was lower than that on weekdays. During the 48-hour observation period, 4994 peak noises were recorded. Eighty-six percent of these peak noises were within ranges of 65-74 dBA and 90% were human-related factors. The primary non-human related source was monitor alarms. Additionally, peak noises occurred primarily during the 8-11 a.m. and 2-4 p.m. hours on the weekdays and weekends. These results indicate that modifications of staff behavior, care procedures, and apparatus may reduce the noise levels in the NICU.

Data Collection↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical observation of neonatal meningitis caused by flavobacterium meningosepticum].

From January 1981 to December 1988, we collected 11 cases of neonatal meningitis caused by Flavobacterium meningosepticum. The 6 male and 5 female newborns ranged from 3 days to 20 days old. Birth body weight varied from 1100 gm to 3600 gm. Seven cases were premature or small for date. Nosocomial infection was noted in 7 of these 11 cases. Clinically, lethargy and poor activity were the most common symptoms. Cyanosis, fever and convulsion were the next. There were 9 cases showing pleocytosis, increased protein and decreased glucose level in the cerebrospinal fluid examination. The organisms isolated in all 11 cases were susceptible to piperacillin, resistant to ampicillin, aminoglycosides and cephalosporin. Five patients were treated with antibiotics other than piperacillin for 5 to 18 days. Three patients died; hydrocephalus was the cause of death in 2 of them. Two patients were discharged against advice. Among the remaining 6 cases we gave piperacillin for 3 weeks, one case developed hydrocephalus but eventually succumbed to K. pneumoniae sepsis. Out of five surviving cases, 3 developed hydrocephalus (VP shunt performed in two). The other two patients were discharged without neurological deficit. In conclusion, neonatal Flavobacterium meningosepticum meningitis was more frequent in premature or small for date babies, and it usually appeared in nosocomial infection. The prognosis was poor and piperacillin was proved to be the drug of choice.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of newborn: report of two cases.

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of newborn (SFNN) is an uncommon disorder. Submandibular lesion and tissue eosinophilia have not been documented. Two patients with unusual location and unusual pathological findings are reported. Both patients were giant babies, delivered by vaginal route spontaneously with birth injury. Asymptomatic subcutaneous nodules were found over the submandibular area at the ages of 16 and 6 days respectively. Nodules disappeared spontaneously at the age of one month in the first, and two months in the second patient. Histopathological examination of the nodules revealed features typical for SFNN: lobular panniculitis with fat necrosis and radiating needle-shaped clefts within multinucleated histiocytes. In addition to mononuclear cells, eosinophils were abundant in the infiltrate. Because of these unusual features, it is suggested that SFNN should be considered in the differential diagnosis of submandibular subcutaneous nodule in the newborn, clinically; and of lobular panniculitis with eosinophilia, histologically.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Bacteremia in infants with Salmonella enterocolitis.

In order to determine the incidence of Salmonella bacteremia in children with Salmonella enterocolitis and to predict the risk factors of bacteremia, we conducted a prospective study on 264 infants and children with Salmonella enterocolitis from January 1, 1988 to December 31, 1989. They were admitted to the Pediatric Department of Mackay Memorial Hospital with the chief problem of diarrhea. The rectal swab cultures were all positive for nontyphoidal Salmonella. Blood cultures were done immediately when Salmonella enterocolitis was confirmed. Clinical features including age, clinical symptoms, laboratory data, and serogroup were all recorded and analyzed to predict the risk factors of bacteremia in Salmonella enterocolitis. Twenty patients had bacteremia. Among them, 4 had meningitis simultaneously. There was one death, resulting in a 5% mortality in the bacteremia group. The overall rate of bacteremia was 7.6%. For those less than 3 months of age, it was 11.5%. We were unable to find any relationship between the bacteremia and the risk factors such as age, body temperature, clinical symptoms, white blood cell counts and differential counts. Interestingly, it was noted that Salmonella serogroup D1, a highly virulent and invasive Salmonella serogroup, was more closely related to the occurrence of bacteremia. It accounted for 40% of all cases of bacteremia. In conclusion, this study showed that the incidence of bacteremia in cases of Salmonella enterocolitis was 7.6% and the only risk factor of bacteremia was a culture of Salmonella serogroup D1. Therefore, in cases of Salmonella serogroup D1 enterocolitis, antibiotics treatment may be considerable.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of moderate non-hemolytic jaundice and phototherapy on newborn behavior.

To study the effects of moderate non-hemolytic jaundice and phototherapy (PT) on newborn behavior, initially 29 full-term infants with serum bilirubin (SB) 12-15 mg/dl were randomly assigned to PT (n = 14) or non-PT (n = 15) group. PT was done until SB less than 12 mg/dl. One infant in the PT group was excluded because of G-6-PD deficiency and evidence of hemolysis. Four infants in the non-PT group were excluded because their serum bilirubin concentrations finally exceeded 15 mg/dl and they were put on phototherapy for ethical concern. Two more infants were then added to the non-PT group to make a total number of 13. Additional 14 infants with serum bilirubin levels less than 12 mg/dl were studied as controls. Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scales (NBAS) were performed 4 times: just before PT, right after termination of PT, 24 hrs after termination of PT and at 2 wks of age in PT group, and at comparable ages with the non-PT and control groups. The course of jaundice was measured in terms of SB levels at entry into study, peak SB levels, duration from entry into study to the time when SB levels dropped below 12 mg/dl and age when SB levels dropped below 12 mg/dl. The values did not differ significantly between the PT and non-PT groups. Therefore, phototherapy did not change the clinical course of jaundice in the majority of infants with bilirubin levels between 12 and 15 mg/dl. The 7 cluster scores of 1st NBAS did not differ significantly among the 3 groups of infants. On the 2nd and 3rd examinations, the infants in the PT group performed poorer in some of the orientation items than the infants in the non-PT and control groups (p less than 0.05) whereas the non-PT groups showed similar performance as the control group. At 2 wks of age, no significant differences of the NBAS scores were found in 3 groups. We conclude that moderate non-hemolytic jaundice (serum bilirubin 12-15 mg/dl) does not affect the behavior of full-term infants in this study. Phototherapy has some short-term adverse effects on visual, auditory orientation and alertness of the infants which may impair infant-caregiver interaction.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Umbilical plasma erythropoietin, hematocrits and their relationship to umbilical arterial blood gas, Apgar score and perinatal risk factors.

This study was to assess the relationships of umbilical plasma erythropoietin (EPO) and hematocrit (Hct) levels with the umbilical arterial blood gas data, 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores, and other perinatal risk factors in 51 infants born at our hospital. Mean umbilical arterial pH, PCO2, PO2, base excess, oxygen saturation and Hct were not significantly different in infants of appropriate for gestational age (AGA) (n = 26), large for gestational age (LGA) (n = 6) and small for gestational age (SGA) (n = 19). The median umbilical plasma EPO levels in AGA, SGA, and LGA infants were 26.06 mU/ml, 28.81 mU/ml and 25.20 mU/ml respectively. Mean levels of EPO were comparable among the groups. Infants born by vaginal route who were SGA, LGA, or associated with maternal preeclampsia, maternal anemia and intrauterine hemolysis had significantly higher EPO levels than the other infants. While infants with heavy meconium staining (n = 5) had significantly lower umbilical PO2 than those who without it (n = 35), there was no difference in EPO and Hct levels among heavy, light and no meconium staining infants. There was poor correlation between the plasma EPO, Hct levels, Apgar scores and blood gas data. We conclude that umbilical EPO and Hct levels did not correlate significantly with Apgar scores, and umbilical blood gas data, neither were they associated with intrauterine growth patterns and meconium staining. High risk infants, especially those delivered by vaginal route had significantly higher EPO levels. The significance of high umbilical EPO values and their relation to the neurological outcome warrants further study.

Apgar Score↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Neonatal group B streptococcal pneumonia and right-sided diaphragmatic hernia: report of one case].

The symptoms of right-sided diaphragmatic hernia (RDH) rarely occur in the newborn period. The present report described a two-day-old neonate who presented with symptoms of respiratory distress and sepsis. Early onset group B beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GBBS) infection was diagnosed and RDH was found subsequently. A defect with smooth margin, sized 3 x 5 cm, located in posterior-lateral aspect of right diaphragm was observed during operation. After having been given antibiotics and surgical treatment, the infant recovered and was discharged in good condition. He has normal development at the age of one year. Possible pathogenesis is discussed in this report.

Hernia, Diaphragmatic↗