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Biomedical subjects

C H Gleiter

Publications and source records attributed to C H Gleiter.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Low affinity hypothalamic [3H]mazindol binding: a probe for hypothalamic body weight regulation?

It has been previously suggested that low affinity [3H]mazindol binding in the hypothalamus correlates with body weight and obesity. Low affinity [3H]mazindol binding in hypothalamic crude synaptosome preparations was carried out in normoglycemic obese mice (C57 B1/6J ob/ob) as well as in their lean littermates (C57 B1/6J +/?). NIH Swiss mice were used as additional controls. Furthermore the effect on this binding site of repeated electroconvulsive shock (ECS), a treatment known to change body weight gain, was studied in rats. Neither Bmax nor Kd were altered in obese mice compared with their lean littermates or NIH Swiss mice. The obese mice had a significantly greater body weight and weight gain than either control group. Once-daily ECS over 10 days (which significantly reduced weight gain in rats) did not change binding parameters for [3H]mazindol in hypothalami. The present data do not appear to support the hypothesis that this low affinity binding site has a physiological function in the control of body weight and obesity, at least in the examined paradigm.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Mouse brain c-fos mRNA distribution following a single electroconvulsive shock.

The regional distribution of c-fos mRNA in the mouse brain has been investigated by in situ hybridization autoradiography after seizures induced by an acute electroconvulsive shock (ECS). ECS led to a widespread induction of the proto-oncogene c-fos in the brain, with highest concentrations in discrete areas within the limbic system and also in the hypothalamus and cerebellum. The mild stress of sham treatment in earclipped animals induced a weaker and qualitatively different pattern of c-fos mRNA expression involving the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. These data suggest the usefulness of c-fos in situ hybridization as a marker of neuronal stimulation and in mapping a range of effects from a mild stress to the robust changes of an electroconvulsive seizure.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Electroconvulsive shock (ECS) and the adenosine neuromodulatory system: effect of single and repeated ECS on the adenosine A1 and A2 receptors, adenylate cyclase, and the adenosine uptake site.

The effect of a single electroconvulsive shock (ECS) (30 min and 24 h after treatment) and repeated ECS (10 once-daily) on the adenosine neuromodulatory system was investigated in rat cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, and striatum. The present study examined the adenosine A1 receptor using N6-[3H]cyclohexyladenosine ([3H]CHA), the A2 receptor using 5'-N-[3H]ethylcarboxyamidoadenosine ([ 3H]NECA), adenylate cyclase using [3H]forskolin, and the adenosine uptake site using [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine ([3H]NBI). At 30 min after a single ECS, the Bmax of the [3H]NBI binding in striatum was increased by 20%, which is in good agreement with the well-known postictal adenosine release. The Bmax of [3H]forskolin binding in striatum and cerebellum was increased by 60 and 20%, respectively. In contrast to earlier reported changes following chemically induced seizures, [3H]CHA binding was not altered postictally. At 24 h after a single ECS, there were no changes for any ligand in any brain region. Following repeated ECS, there was a 20% increase of [3H]CHA binding sites in cerebral cortex, which lasted for at least 14 days after the last ECS. [3H]Forskolin binding in hippocampus and striatum was 20% lowered 24 h after 10 once-daily ECS but had already returned to control levels 48 h after the last treatment. Evidence is provided that the upregulated adenosine A1 receptors are coupled to guanine nucleotide binding proteins and, furthermore, that this upregulation is not paralleled by an increase in adenylate cyclase activity as labeled by [3H]forskolin.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1988

Repeated electroconvulsive shock normalizes blood glucose levels in genetically obese mice (C57BL/6J ob/ob) but not in genetically diabetic mice (C57BL/KsJ db/db).

There are several conflicting reports on the effect of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on diabetes in humans. The present study investigated the effect of repeated ECS on blood glucose levels in genetically obese mice, which are considered an animal model for non-insulin dependent (maturity onset) diabetes. These mice were compared with genetically diabetic mice which are thought to be an animal model for insulin-dependent (juvenile-type) diabetes. A marked decrease in blood glucose concentrations was observed in obese mice after the first ECS which lasted for 14 days after the last ECS. No effect was seen in genetically diabetic mice. The neural mechanisms by which ECS normalizes blood glucose in genetically obese mice are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Interaction of alcohol and transdermally administered scopolamine.

In a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind cross-over study in 12 healthy volunteers the effect of acute alcohol intake during treatment with transdermally administered scopolamine (TTS-scopolamine) was investigated. One group of six subjects reached maximal blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) of 80 mg/dL and another group of six subjects a BAC of 130 mg/dL. There was no significant potentiation of alcohol effects on critical flicker fusion frequency by TTS-scopolamine. Sensorimotor function (choice reaction task) was also not significantly more influence by the combination. There was no effect of scopolamine on the elimination of alcohol. The urinary excretion of scopolamine was not influenced by oral intake of alcohol. TTS-scopolamine caused only minor side effects in a few volunteers, such as dry mouth (2 of 12) and blurred vision (1 of 12).

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1988

Repeated electroconvulsive shock does not change [3H]-paroxetine binding to the 5-HT uptake site in rat cortical membranes.

The effects of repeated electroconvulsive shock on the 5-HT uptake site were studied in rat cortex using [3H]-paroxetine binding. This ligand was used because it is thought to directly label the 5-HT uptake site, whereas [3H]-imipramine may bind to a presynaptic recognition site different from the uptake site. No changes were found in the maximum number of [3H]-paroxetine binding sites and equilibrium dissociation constant after repeated electroconvulsive shock, whereas a parallel investigation of beta-adrenoceptor binding showed the expected decrease in receptor number.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The effect of acute and chronic electroconvulsive shock on [3H]phorbol-dibutyrate binding to rat brain membranes.

The present study investigated the effect of single and repeated electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on proteinkinase C in rat cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus and striatum using [3H]Phorbol-12,13-butyrate binding. In the postictal period and 24 hr after a single ECS there was no alteration in any brain region. Twenty four hr after 10 once-daily ECS there was a significant decrease the number of binding sites in cerebral cortex (30%) and in cerebellum (20%) without a change in the affinity constant. These findings are discussed with regard to earlier reports on phosphoinositide turnover following chemically and electrically induced seizures.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Measuring the serotonin uptake site using [3H]paroxetine--a new serotonin uptake inhibitor.

Serotonin is an important neurotransmitter that may be involved in ethanol preference and dependence. It is possible to label the serotonin uptake site in brain using the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine, but this also binds to other sites. We have used the new high-affinity uptake blocker paroxetine to define binding to this site and report it to have advantages over imipramine as a ligand.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Value of angiography in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis].

Two cases of giant cell arteritis are reported. Angiography was performed to obtain information about the extent of arterial lesions (case 1). In the second case angiography was a guide to diagnosis. Differential diagnostic considerations and the value of angiographic examination are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Colonoscopy in the investigation of drug absorption in healthy volunteers.

In order to evaluate the absorptive capacity of the colonic mucosa, colonoscopy was used to investigate in six healthy volunteers the colonic absorption of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (Voltaren). Oral and colonic administration of 100 mg of diclofenac resulted in comparable peak plasma concentrations and areas under the plasma concentration time curves. The apparent relative availability of diclofenac from the colon compared to the oral form, which was assumed to be 100%, ranged from 54% to 109% with a mean of 78%. There was no difference in absorption between application of the drug in the cecum and in the splenic flexure. This new indication for colonoscopy proved to be simple, well tolerated, and well suited for phase I studies with new drugs or formulations.

Colon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gender differences in pharmacokinetics.

There is growing awareness that the underrepresentation of women in clinical trials and in particular in phase I studies may lead to incorrect handling of drugs. Despite the fact that investigations are not informed in a systematic way, there are a number of examples showing pharmacokinetic differences between gender. From the data actually presented, it can be concluded that the activity of CYP 3A4 activity as measured by elimination in vivo is higher in women compared to men. CYP isoenzymes other than CYP 3A4 seem to be more active in men than in woman, as are conjugation reactions, such as glucuronidation. The influence of changing hormonal levels during the lifetime of a woman has been looked at in some drugs but deserves further systematic investigation. The use of oral contraceptives can interfere with the metabolism of many drugs whereas, in pregnancy, the elimination of antiepileptics is increased which, without dose adjustment, leads to an increased number of seizures. The impacts of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) on the pharmacokinetics of concomitantly given drugs is an important issue, as HRT is increasingly used, but more research is needed in this field.

Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2↗