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Biomedical subjects

C H Dash

Publications and source records attributed to C H Dash.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Controlled clinical trial comparing intra-incisional cephaloridine and Polybactrin Spray.

300 patients undergoing various operations were randomly allocated to receive, intra-incisionally, just before skin suture, either a solution of 1 g cephaloridine or Polybactrin aerosol. An equal number of patients were allocated to each group, and various factors likely to influence the incidence of wound infections were evenly distributed. 13 wound infections (9.8%) developed in the cephaloridine group and 28 (20.1%) in the Polybactrin group (p less than 0.02). In the former group, the infections were milder and there were 44 fewer patient-days of hospitalisation. The difference in infection rates for 'potentially contaminated and contaminated' operations was greater (p less than 0.01), in favour of cephaloridine. Other differences are discussed and some reasons for the superiority of cephaloridine over other agents (e.g., povidone-iodine, ampicillin) are advanced.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A survey of the sensitivity of fresh clinical isolates to cefuroxime and other antibiotics.

The sensitivities to cefuroxime and cephradine of potentially pathogenic bacteria isolated in two British general hospitals comprising 900 beds have been assessed. In a three-month period 2537 strains were studied; 30 microgram cefuroxime discs were used with 2511 strains, and cephradine discs of the same strength were used with 2525 strains. The organisms were also examined routinely for sensitivity to other antibiotics. Overall, 91.7% of the isolates were sensitive to cefuroxime and 85.8% were inhibited by cephradine, the differences in percentage strain susceptibility to cefuroxime and cephradine being mainly a result of the greater activity of cefuroxime against the Gram-negative bacteria. The wide antibacterial effectiveness of cefuroxime should make it a useful antibiotic for the treatment of serious infections including those conditions in which the causative organism has not been identified.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

Cefuroxime in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection.

Cefuroxime is a new parenteral antibiotic with a wider spectrum of activity than earlier cephalosporins and is particularly active against Haemophilus influenzae, including strains resistant to ampicillin due to beta-lactamase production. From 18 centres, 274 patients suffering with 275 infections were treated with cefuroxime sodium using the standard regimen of 750 mg 8-hourly by intramuscular injection. The clinical results showed a 90% success rate in the patients with bronchopneumonia (105), 91% in patients with post-operative pneumonia (74), and 89% in the patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (96). Renal function was closely monitored during therapy, and no adverse changes attributable to cefuroxime therapy were seen in any patient, including those who also received frusemide. Two patients (0.7%) developed a rash, although 8 penicillin-allergic patients were treated without incident. From these studies, it can be concluded that 750 mg cefuroxime 8-hourly is effective in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. It is suggested that the attributes of this antibiotic may offer several advantages over existing therapies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime after intravenous injection.

Cefuroxime, a new cephalosporin antibiotic which is stable to most beta-lactamases produced by gram-negative bacteria, was given by bolus intravenous injection to six volunteers in doses of 500 mg and 750 mg. The concentrations of cefuroxime in serum and urine were measured at pre-determined times after injection and the data analysed by a two-compartment open system model. A serum concentration of 8 microgram/ml was exceeded for 100.3 min (+/- 18.3) after a 500 mg dose and for 144.5 min (+/- 19.8) after 750 mg. The ultimate serum half-life was 1.1 h. Excretion of cefuroxime in the urine was almost complete in 24 h, the clearance being 150 ml/min/1.73m2. About 45% was excreted through the renal tubules. The injections were well tolerated and no changes in haematological or biochemical values were seen. The resulting data are compared with those published for some other cephalosporins. It is concluded that the favourable pharmacokinetics, especially the high concentrations of unbound cefuroxime in the serum, are likely to aid effective therapy of human infection caused by sensitive bacteria.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Betamethasone valerate compared with sodium cromoglycate in asthmatic children.

A double-blind, cross-over study was undertaken to compare inhalation of betamethasone valerate (BV, 800 microgram daily) with sodium cromoglycate (SCG, 80 mg daily) in twenty children requiring bronchodilators for perennial asthma. Each treatment period lasted 4 weeks but statistical comparisons were made only in respect of the last 14 days of each therapy. When the children were using BV they required not only less of the bronchodilator drugs but had fewer symptoms and higher daily peak expiratory flow rates when taking SCG. Statistically, all these differences were highly significant. For 2 weeks before the main trial each child was given a placebo aerosol (single-blind) to assess severity of asthma. In comparison with this period, SCG was associated with a significantly increased peak expiratory flow rate a lower symptom score by day but not by night, but their usage of bronchodilators followed a similar pattern. When the BV period was compared with the placebo period, patients had an even more significant rise in peak expiratory flow rate, less day and night symptoms, and took hardly any bronchodilators. The response to the two drugs did seem to depend upon which was given first. No monilial infections were found, nor any measurable defect in adrenal response from either treatment. Betamethasone valerate is considered to be superior to sodium cromoglycate as a treatment for childhood asthma insufficiently controlled on bronchodilators.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of salmefamol with salbutamol aerosols in asthamatics.

In twelve asthmatic patients 200 mug of salmefamol and salbutamol given by metered aerosol produced a similar initial effect on FEV1, FVC and PEFR without significant effect on heart rate or blood pressure. The duration of effect of salbutamol was approximately 4 hours; there was still an appreciable effect from salmefamol at 8 hours.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Salmefamol orally in asthmatics - two doses compared.

The responses of twelve patients with chronic asthma to salmefamol 1 mg and 2 mg, taken orally, were compared in a double-blind cross-over study. Both produced a rise of 40-50% in PEFR and FEV1. Statistically significant improvements were maintained for three to four hours, and 20% improvements for four to six hours. There was no significantly different effect on ventilatory capacity between the two doses. After the 2 mg dose there was a statistically significant fall in diastolic blood pressure at 1 and 1 1/2 hours. Four patients experienced tremor and this was the only side-effect noted. The possible reasons for failure to demonstrate a greater effect with the higher dose are discussed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of salmefamol and salbutamol in patients with chronic airways obstruction.

1 Inhaled salmefamol, in doses of 100 mug and 200 mug has been compared with inhaled salbutamol, in a dose of 200 mug, and with placebo in patients with airways obstruction. 2 Both salmefamol and salbutamol are potent bronchodilators with a signficantly superior action over placebo at all times up to 8 h after treatment. 3 The mean peak percentage increases in FEV produced by the three active preparations were similar. The decline from peak values was significantly slower with salmefamol than with salbutamol. Neither drug produced tachycardia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

New bronchodilator aerosol, salmefamol, in asthma.

Twenty-five asthmatics were tested with salmefamol aerosol (200 mug q.d.s.) for a period of 3 months. The ventilatory capacity before and after adrenaline was measured weekly and symptoms were assessed daily using a scoring system over a period of 9 months. The results during the 3 months' treatment with salmefamol were compared with the preceding and succeeding 3-month-periods when patients were receiving either salbutamol aerosol or orciprenaline aerosol. Statistically significant improvements were seen in ventilatory capacity before adrenaline inhalation and in symptom scores while on salmefamol. Ventilatory capacity after adrenaline inhalation remained unchanged throughout the study: thus there was no evidence of tachyphylaxis. A significantly greater number of patients preferred the new drug. Four patients developed slight muscle tremor in the first few days of salmefamol therapy, but there were no changes in haematological or biochemical values after 3 months' therapy. Thus, salmefamol seems to have marked efficacy with low toxicity and is generally well tolerated.

Adolescent↗