Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C H Calisher

Publications and source records attributed to C H Calisher.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Relationship of cliff swallows, ectoparasites, and an Alphavirus in west-central Oklahoma.

Approximately 250 isolates of a newly recognized virus, related to western equine encephalitis virus (family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus), were obtained from cimicid bugs, Oeciacus vicarius; Cliff Swallows, Hirundo pyrrhonata; and House Sparrows, Passer domesticus in a study area in west-central Oklahoma at Buggy Creek and Caddo Canyons. Antigenicity of the virus strains varied slightly from isolate to isolate. This paper summarizes the ecology of the area by describing in general the flora and fauna there.

Alphavirus↗
PubMed1993

Vector and host relationships of California serogroup viruses in western Siberia.

During 1990 and 1991, adult mosquitoes were collected along the Ob River and its tributaries in western Siberia from approximately 51 degrees 18'N to 66 degrees 4'N. Fifteen virus strains were isolated from 74,196 mosquitoes tested in 1,874 pools. These included Tahyna virus from Aedes cataphylla-punctor subgroup (one) and Ae. excrucians (one), and Inkoo (INK) virus from Ae. communis (one), Ae. communis subgroup (one), Ae. hexodontus (two), Ae. punctor subgroup (two), Ae. punctor complex (one), and unidentified Aedes species (three). In addition, a single Ae. euedes yielded a strain of snowshoe hare (SSH) virus and a strain of Getah, an alphavirus. A Bunyamwera serogroup virus was isolated from Ae. excrucians. With the exception of the two isolates from a single mosquito, minimum infection rates among mosquito taxa ranged from 0.4 to 16.7 per 1,000. The INK virus isolates were widely distributed geographically; however, seven of the 10 isolates were from two sites north of the Arctic Circle. During 1991, sera from two mouse species, five vole species, and four shrew species were collected along the upper Ob River for serologic tests. The prevalence of neutralizing antibody to SSH virus in these sera was 80%. Prevalence rates in the four most abundant species were Apodemus agrarius, 73%; Clethrionomys rutilus, 71%; Microtus arvalis, 80%; and Sorex araneus, 91%. This is the first attempt to clarify the vector and vertebrate host relationships of California serogroup viruses in western Siberia.

Aedes↗
PubMed1992

Genetic characterization of an antigenic subtype of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus.

A 1983 human Mississippi isolate of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEEV), recently identified as an antigenic subtype of the North American variety, was genetically characterized using oligonucleotide fingerprinting and sequencing of viral RNA. This strain was found to be very closely related to other North American EEEV isolates from the same time period. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that this subtype belongs to a single EEEV lineage in North America. Two amino acid substitutions in the E2 envelope glycoprotein, not seen in either other isolates sequenced, probably contributed to the antigenic difference with respect to other EEEV strains. These substitutions include threonine for lysine at position 71, resulting in the addition of a potential N-linked glycosylation site, and lysine for glutamic acid at position 147.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Rapid detection and typing of dengue viruses from clinical samples by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.

We report on the development and application of a rapid assay for detecting and typing dengue viruses. Oligonucleotide consensus primers were designed to anneal to any of the four dengue virus types and amplify a 511-bp product in a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). First, we produced a cDNA copy of a portion of the viral genome in a reverse transcriptase reaction in the presence of primer D2 and then carried out a standard PCR (35 cycles of heat denaturation, annealing, and primer extension) with the addition of primer D1. The resulting double-stranded DNA product of the RT-PCR was typed by two methods: dot blot hybridization of the 511-bp amplified product to dengue virus type-specific probes or a second round of PCR amplification (nested PCR) with type-specific primers, yielding DNA products the unique sizes of which were diagnostic for each dengue virus serotype. The accumulated data demonstrated that dengue viruses can be accurately detected and typed from viremic human serum samples.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Determination of whether tomato spotted wilt virus replicates in Toxorhynchites amboinensis mosquitoes and the relatedness of this virus to phleboviruses (family Bunyaviridae).

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) has been reported to be morphologically, molecularly and structurally similar to viruses in the family Bunyaviridae. By various types of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and Western blot hybridizations, we tested TSWV with antibodies to 12 viruses in the Phlebovirus genus of this family. Serological relatedness was not found between TSWV and phleboviruses. However, one preparation of antibody to Arumowot virus reacted with a 53-kD protein from healthy plant extracts. Six-day-old adult Toxorhynchites amboinensis mosquitoes were inoculated with purified TSWV. Infectious virus was not detected in any of the injected insects during the 5-week test period. However, TSWV antigens were detected in these mosquitoes by ELISA at the original injected level for at least a week after injection. TSWV antigen concentration began to decrease thereafter, but remained at detectable levels for as long as 5 weeks after injection. However, there was no evidence that TSWV replicated in mosquitoes.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Koolpinyah: a virus related to kotonkan from cattle in northern Australia.

Two closely related viruses were isolated from the blood of bovines near Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. When studies of virus morphology indicated that these were rhabdoviruses, serologic studies were done. These isolates are closely related or identical and are related to, but distinct from, the rabies-related kotonkan virus. Other serologic studies showed that these are two isolates of a newly recognized virus, for which the name Koolpinyah virus is proposed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Isolation of Getah virus from mosquitos collected on Hainan Island, China, and results of a serosurvey.

An isolate of Getah virus was obtained from Culex mosquitos collected in Mao'an Village, Baoting County, Hainan Province, China, in 1964. The virus (strain M-1) replicated in laboratory-bred Aedes aegypti and Cx. fatigans (= quinquefasciatus), and was transmitted by laboratory-bred Ae. albopictus to healthy newborn albino mice. Skeletal muscles of newborn albino mice experimentally infected with the virus showed degeneration, atrophy, necrosis, and inflammatory changes of muscle fibers. Antibody prevalence in humans and animals ranged from 10.3% by neutralization tests of samples from healthy people in 1979 to 26.4% by CF tests of samples from people with febrile illnesses in 1982. The high prevalence of antibody in pigs, horses, and goats (17.6% to 37.5%) indicated that infection with Getah or a closely related virus is relatively common in domestic animals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

California serogroup viruses from mosquitoes collected in the USSR.

Four California serogroup viruses isolated from mosquitoes in the USSR were tested for antigenic analogy with prototype viruses of the California serogroup. The topotype isolates are biologically similar to, but antigenically different from each other. One is a subtype of snowshoe hare virus, two are different subtypes of Tahyna, Lumbo, and snowshoe hare viruses, and one is identical to Inkoo virus, previously isolated only in Finland. The results indicate that molecular studies of these viruses are necessary to comprehend their evolution.

Aedes↗
PubMed1991

Bunyaviridae--natural history.

Obviously, the family Bunyaviridae is comprised of a large number of epidemiologically diverse viruses. They vary dramatically in their vector and vertebrate host relationships, geographic distributions, and epidemic potential in humans and animals. Public health practitioners, veterinarians, virologists, entomologists, biologists, ecologists, molecular biologists, and other scientists will all benefit from increased study and knowledge of this fascinating group of viruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Isolation of arboviruses from Culicoides midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Colorado during an epizootic of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey.

An arbovirus survey was conducted in Colorado and Utah during an epizootic of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey (VSNJ) that occurred in the western United States in 1982-1983. From 120,422 insect specimens assayed, 106 viruses were isolated. Four were rhabdoviruses (VSNJ), three were orbiviruses (bluetongue serotype-11), 92 were Bunyamwera group (65 Main Drain and 27 Lokern), and seven were Simbu group (Buttonwillow) bunyaviruses. Culicoides spp. accounted for 105 viral isolates (C. (Selfia) spp., C. variipennis (Coquillett), C. stellifer (Coquillett), and C. cockerellii (Coquillett], and one was from Simulium bivittatum Malloch. C. (Selfia) spp. accounted for 59% of all pooled specimens and was the source of 89.6% (95) of the isolates. Insects from two sites accounted for 44% (52,802) of all pooled specimens and 67% (71) of the viral isolates. The isolations of VSNJ, Main Drain, Lokern, and Buttonwillow viruses from C. (Selfia) spp. are the first arbovirus isolations reported for this subgenus; this is the first time these viruses have been isolated from Culicoides species other than C. variipennis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Identification of an antigenic subtype of eastern equine encephalitis virus isolated from a human.

Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a 6-year-old male who had clinically diagnosed aseptic meningitis and subsequently died. Several standard serologic tests that use polyclonal antibody and indirect immunofluorescence and hemagglutination inhibition tests that use monoclonal antibody provided evidence that the isolate was an antigenic subtype of prototype North American EEE virus. We believe that this is the first evidence of an antigenic subtype of EEE virus.

Alphavirus↗
PubMed1990

Isolation of Tete serogroup bunyaviruses from Ceratopogonidae collected in Colorado.

Two viruses were isolated from ceratopogonid midges collected in northern Colorado. Electron microscopy indicated that both isolates were bunyavirus-like. Indirect fluorescent antibody and serum dilution-plaque reduction neutralization tests showed that these isolates were members of the Tete serogroup, most closely related antigenically to Tete and Batama viruses but distinguishable from both and from each other. We suggest the name Weldona virus for these isolates. Antibody in both waterfowl and passerine birds in northern Colorado indicates the enzootic presence of these viruses in northern Colorado and raises unanswered questions about the introduction and establishment of Tete serogroup viruses in the Americas.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Neutralizing antibodies for sandfly fever Naples virus in human sera on the island of Mljet.

Sera from apparently healthy residents of various age from different localities of the Adriatic island of Mljet were tested by the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for antibodies to sandfly fever Naples virus (SFN). An average of 51.4% of the sera examined was found to have neutralizing antibodies. Reactors to SFN virus were found in all the age groups examined and the antibody prevalence appeared to increase with age. The presence of SFN neutralizing antibodies in all age groups indicates that the virus must have been present endemically and that it is still active on the island of Mljet.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Electron microscopy and antigenic studies of uncharacterized viruses. I. Evidence suggesting the placement of viruses in families Arenaviridae, Paramyxoviridae, or Poxviridae.

During approximately 35 years, investigators in various laboratories studying arbovirus ecology and epidemiology accumulated many virus isolates, more than 60 of which were not characterized or placed in taxa. By a combination of electron microscopic and antigenic studies we collected information sufficient to provisionally classify 60 isolates. Electron microscopic observations suggest that 20 are members of the virus family Bunyaviridae, 20 Rhabdoviridae, 14 Reoviridae, one Togaviridae, one Paramyxoviridae (Mapuera virus, from a bat), and one Poxviridae (Yoka virus, from mosquitoes). Serologic studies provided evidence sufficient to place some of these viruses in recognized antigenic groups, within families and genera, and to establish new antigenic groups and taxa for others. Three viruses were found to have morphologic and morphogenetic characteristics consistent with those of members of the family Arenaviridae: Quaranfil virus, a human pathogen, Johnston Atoll virus, isolated from birds and ticks, and Araguari virus, isolated from an opossum. This, the first in a series of three papers, described methods used for these investigations and also presents descriptions of viruses provisionally placed in the families Arenaviridae, Paramyxoviridae, or Poxviridae. Descriptions of viruses provisionally placed in families Bunyaviridae and Reoviridae are published in the second and third papers, respectively. Viruses of the family Rhabdoviridae have been described separately.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Electron microscopic and antigenic studies of uncharacterized viruses. II. Evidence suggesting the placement of viruses in the family Bunyaviridae.

This is the second of three papers describing the use of electron microscopy and antigenic analyses intended to characterize and place in taxa more than 60 previously unclassified viruses. The first paper of the series describes the viruses we classified as provisional members of the families Arenaviridae, Paramyxoviridae, or Poxviridae; another paper, published separately, discusses the Rhabdoviridae. In this paper we report that electron microscopy provided sufficient evidence to place 17 of these viruses (Belem, Erve, Estero Real, Mojui dos Campos, Nyando, Odrenisrou, Okola, Pacora, Para, Santarem, Tanga, Telok Forest, Termeil, Thiafora, Thottapalayam, Wanowrie, and Yacaaba) in the family Bunyaviridae and to support the observations of others that Yogue and Kasokero viruses are members of this virus family. Subsequent antigenic studies allowed us to place some of these viruses in recognized antigenic groups and to establish new antigenic groups for others.

Bunyaviridae↗
PubMed1989

Electron microscopic and antigenic studies of uncharacterized viruses. III. Evidence suggesting the placement of viruses in the family Reoviridae.

This is the last of three papers describing the use of electron microscopy and antigenic tests intended to characterize and place in taxa more than 60 previously unclassified viruses. The first paper describes the viruses we classified as members of the families Arenaviridae, Paramyxoviridae, or Poxviridae. The second paper describes those classified as members of the virus family Bunyaviridae. Another paper, published separately, discusses viruses classified as members of the family Rhabdoviridae. In this paper we report that electron microscopy provided sufficient evidence to provisionally place 14 viruses in the family Reoviridae. By using serologic methods, we placed Minnal virus in the Umatilla serogroup and established new antigenic groups for seven other viruses (Ieri, Picola, Arkonam, Tembe, Fomede, Wongorr, and Gomoka). No antigenic relationships were determined for six other viruses (Andasibe, Itupiranga, Kammavanpettai, Lake Clarendon, Matucare, and Ndelle) provisionally placed in the family Reoviridae.

Animals↗