[Cranial computerized tomography. Results of the 1st 2,000 EMI scans].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
C Gyldensted
Publications and source records attributed to C Gyldensted.
Computed tomography in hereditary ataxias.
Cranial CT in 39 patients (23 belonged to 8 families) with four different groups of hereditary ataxia (HA) showed mainly three combinations of atrophic findings: (1) cerebellar ataxia (CA, n = 17) had marked atrophy of the cerebellum and/or the brain stem combined with moderate cerebral atrophy; (2) an intermediate group consisting of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP, n = 10) and Friedreich's ataxia (FA, n = 7), both with moderate infra- and supratentorial atrophy; (3) atrophy was hardly demonstrated in the group of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT, n = 5). HA cases with atrophy could be distinguished from multiple sclerosis (MS) by CT.
Adolescent↗
Intellectual development and brain size in 13 shunted hydrocephalic children.
A group of 13 successfully treated hydrocephalic children living a normal social life according to their ages has been examined to evaluate the possible correlation between their brain size, intellectual development and physical disability. The brain size was assesed by ventriculography prior to initial surgery and by computer tomography (CT-scanning) at the time of investigation 6--11 years after operation. The intellectural development was evaluated by psychological investigation of the children and by evaluation of their social adaptation. The physical disability was investigated by neurological examination. Significant improvement in ventricular size was demonstrated from pneumoencephalographic examinations prior to surgery and to the CT investigations. No prediction of the intellectual development could be based on the ventriculographies prior to initial surgery. In spite of positive trends, correlation trends, correlation between the ventricular size as determined by CT-scans and the IQ was not significant, possibly due to the small number of cases available for study.
Cerebral Ventriculography↗
Computerized tomography in hereditary ataxias.
Thirty-nine patients with hereditary ataxia (HA), hereditary spastic paraplegia or Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease were investigated with computerized cranial tomography (CT). Infratentorial as well as supratentorial atrophies were registrated and scored. These were compared with the patient's neurological symptoms, which were related to the lesion in the central nervous system, and scored. There was correlation between the distribution of brainstem/cerebellar symptoms and the distribution and degree of infratentorial atrophy. HA cases with cerebral cortical atrophy had significantly higher dementia scores than those without wide sulci. Intravenous injection with contrast medium was of no diagnostic aid, as no focal changes were found. It is concluded that CT is an aid in the diagnosis of hereditary ataxias and hereditary spastic paraplegia.
Adult↗
Measurements of the normal ventricular system and hemispheric sulci of 100 adults with computed tomography.
The brains of 100 normal adults were examined with 160 X 160 matrix computed tomography (CT). The left lateral ventricle was found to be larger than the right in both sexes, and both lateral ventricles were larger in the male. There was a statistically significant increase of all cerebral parameters with age, and the cella media index showed a correspondingly small decrease with age. The linear measurements of the lateral ventricles demonstrated positive correlation to cranial size, while the widths of the third ventricle and of the hemispheric sulci were independent of the size of the skull.
Adolescent↗
Gonadal thermoluminiscence dosimetry in cranial computed tomography with the EMI scanner.
A cranial computed tomographic examination (CT) consisting of four scans with the water bag equipped Mark I EMI scanner will expose the adult male gonads to a radiation dose of approximately 2 milliröntgen (mR).
Adolescent↗
Computed tomography of intra- and juxtasellar lesions. A radiological study of 108 cases.
During the first two years with the 160 X 160 matrix EMI scanner at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 108 consecutive patients referred with the suspicion of intra- or juxtasellar tumor were subjected to 166 computed tomography (CT) examinations. The X-ray attenuation and contrast enhancement patterns of the various lesions were analyzed. In general, it was difficult to correlate these parameters with the histopathological features. Arachnoid cysts, however, had typical low preinjection attenuation and no contrast enhancement. Chromophobe and eosinophilic pituitary adenomas rarely contained calcium and only in minute amounts, hardly visible on the polaroid pictures. Craniopharyngiomas and low grade suprasellar gliomas frequently contained large calcifications. Grade I gliomas, when located in the optic nerves or hypothalamus, showed significantly higher contrast enhancement than elsewhere in the brain. Three purely intrasellar adenomas were demonstrated with CT only. The diagnostic accuracy of CT was compared to that of carotid angiography, PEG and plain skull films in the lesions verified by initial operation (n = 32). CT gave the highest accuracy of the four methods, but the accuracy of CT differed statistically only from that of carotid angiography.
Adenoma, Acidophil↗
Computed tomography of orbital lesions. A radiological study of 144 cases.
During the first two years with the 160 x 160 matrix EMI scanner 144 consecutive patients referred with suspicion of orbital disease were subjected to 190 computed tomography (CT) examinations. The X-ray attenuation and enhancement patterns of the various lesions were analyzed. In general it was difficult to correlate these parameters with the histopathological features. Hemangiomas, however, showed little enhancement and meningiomas a large degree of enhancement, while malignancies, lymphomas and pseudotumors were mainly intermediate. With orbital Graves' disease a low preinjection attenuation and a large enhancement (with normal striated neck muscle as a reference) was found in the external eye muscles. The diagnostic accuracy of CT (n=143) was compared to that of A/scan ultrasonography (US, n=80) and carotid angiography (n=40). CT showed the highest accuracy of the three methods, but CT differed only statistically from carotid angiography.
Adolescent↗
Computer tomography of cerebellopontine angle lesions.
Computer tomography (CT) was used in 53 consecutive patients with a working diagnosis of cerebellopontine angle tumor. The CT was performed with the 160 X 160 matrix scanner, height of sections was 13 mm. Metrizoate sodium (1.5 ml/kg of body weight) was used for tumor enhancement. Seventeen CT scans revealed tumors; one patient proved at operation to be false-positive. Thirty-six CT scans revealed no tumors; two examinations may prove to be false-negative, but surgical verification has so far not been obtained. The smallest tumor demonstrated by CT extended 7 mm into the angle, while one of the possible false-negative CT scans after iophendylate injection cisternography showed a tumor extending 5 mm into the angle. It is concluded that CT is a harmless, noninvasive neuroradiological procedure, and should precede invasive procedures. It can be used safely in patients with increased intracranial pressure.
Adult↗
Computed tomography in the diagnosis of cerebral abscess.
Computed tomography (CT) was performed 64 times on 22 patients with cerebral abcesses, using the 160 X 160 matrix EMI scanner. The diagnosis was based upon the demonstration of a localized low-attenuation area appearing, after the administration of contrast medium, as a high-attenuation annular rim ascribed to displaced and/or newly formed vessels, the so-called abscess membrane. CT is compared with the conventional diagnostic methods of neuroradiology. The differential diagnostic accuracy of CT is clearly superior to that of previous methods, including angiography, which, until now, we have considered the most accurate method.
Adolescent↗
Computer tomography of the cerebrum in multiple sclerosis.
One hundred and ten patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were examinated with computer tomography (CT) of the brain with the 160 X 160 matrix EMI scanner. Eighty-two areas of low X-ray attenuation around the ventricular system were found in 40 cases (36%), particularly adjacent to the anterior and posterior horns and trigones. These brain volumes with low attenuation are considered to represent the well known large periventricular plaques of MS. The mean plaque volume was 1.26 cm3 and mean attenuation value 9.5 EMI units, which was more than 5 units lower than that of the surrounding brain tissue. Contrast enhancement provided no further information. Periventricular plaques were concomitant to ventricular enlargement and cortical atrophy. By comparison with normal values 49 cases (45%) with atrophy and no plaques were found, while only 20 MS patients (18%) had normal EMI scans. There was no difference between duration of disease and age at onset in the three different groups of MS cases.
Adult↗
Computer tomography in the diagnosis of cerebellopontine angle tumours.
53 patients clinically suspected of having a cerebellopontine angle (CPA) lesion were examined by computer tomography (CT) with 160 X 160 matrix EMI scanner. 17 cases (32%) had tumour positive CT, of which 12 were neurinomas and 1 meningioma. 1 CT suggestive of a CPA lesion was false positive and 1 unoperated case is probably a false negative CT. Three of the eleven verified neurinomas (27%) were of the medial type originating in the angle cistern. One neurinoma protruding 1 cm into the cistern showed no contrast enhancement. 2 CT scans (3.8%) were unsatisfactory due to movements and the large size of the head. CT is valuable for the investigation of CPA pathology and the diagnostic efficiency compares favourably to other neuroradiological procedures.
Adolescent↗
Measurements of the normal ventricular system with computer tomography of the brain. A preliminary study on 44 adults.
The brains of 44 normal adults were examined by computer tomography (CT) with the fine matrix EMI scanner. Measurements of various parts of the ventricular system showed a sexual difference and an increase with age. Absolute measurements are preferred to indices or ratios. Comparison with the same parameters in pneumoncephalography and ventricular casts showed good correlation. The need for larger investigations of the normal population is stressed.
Adult↗
Computer tomography of the brain in multiple sclerosis. A radiological study of 110 patients with special reference to demonstration of cerebral plaques.
The brains of 110 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were examined by computer tomography (CT) with the fine matrix EMI scanner. In 41 cases (37 per cent) areas of low X-ray attenuation were demonstrated with elective location in the white matter around the anterior and posterior horns of the lateral ventricles. These areas are postulated to represent the well-known large periventricular plaques in MS. Contrast enhancement provided no further informattion. Cerebral plaques were concomitant to ventricular enlargement and/or cortical atrophy. Cerebral atrophy without demonstration of plaques was found in 50 cases (45 per cent) and only 19 patients (17 per cent) had normal CT scans. No difference was demonstrated between duration of disease or age at onset in plaque cases, atrophy cases and patients with normal EMI scans. The postulate regarding the nature of the low absorption areas in CT still awaits the verdict of future brain autopsies.
Brain↗
Measurements of the normal hemispheric sulci with computer tomography: a preliminary study on 44 adults.
44 normal adults were examined by computer tomography (CT) withe fine matrix EMI scanner. Measurements of the width of the hemispheric sulci were possible in all but one case. An average value of 3.4 mm was found, but no sexual difference or influence of age could be shown statistically. The necessity of larger investigations of the normal population is stressed.
Adult↗
Quantitative MR analysis of glucocorticoid effects on peritumoral edema associated with intracranial meningiomas and metastases.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to quantify peritumoral brain edema (PTE) in vivo using NMR relaxation time imaging, as the longitudinal relaxation time T1 is proportional to tissue water content, and to use the method for monitoring the effects of glucocorticoids (GCCs) on PTE in brain tumor patients as a function of time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Relaxation time imaging (T1 maps) was done on a 1.5 T MR scanner on 23 brain tumor patients [13 cerebral metastases (METs), 10 intracranial meningiomas (MMs), and 9 benign and 1 anaplastic MM] before, and 1, 3, and 7 days after initiation of GCC treatment (dexamethasone 0.26-0.64 mg/kg bw). In addition, 7 patients were studied for 14-63 days of treatment. Imaging analysis included mean T1 of the edema area as a function of time, and an image histogram evaluation technique, which measures 50% of the edema area, where T1 is highest (corresponding to the highest water content of the area), termed the "super-edema." Using a conversion equation, mean T1 in the edema area was recalculated into a percent of tissue water content. RESULTS: After 7 days of GCC treatment total edema area was reduced by 10.3% in the MET patients. The average reduction in mean T1 was 4.6% after 24 h of treatment and 13.5% after 7 days. Expressed in terms of percent tissue water content, the average edema resorption rate in the MET patients was 0.4 +/- 0.1% H2O/day (p < 0.02). Super-edema area was reduced by 64% after 7 days (p < 0.0001). None of the benign MMs responded to GCC treatment, either in edema size or in mean T1, unlike the anaplastic type, in which there was a response comparable to that in the MET patients. The effect of GCCs in up to 63 days of treatment is demonstrated. It is shown that after 40-63 days of GCC treatment, PTE water content is close to the upper normal range for white matter. CONCLUSION: PTE is heterogeneous in terms of the spatial distribution of T1 and, thereby, water content. GCCs reduce T1 in PTE around cerebral metastases significantly after a few days of treatment, possibly through a mechanism that reduces edema production below the level of edema resorption. PTE surrounding benign MM was not affected by GCC treatment, contrary to one anaplastic MM, which leads to the speculation that malignant tumors may produce substances that are affected by GCCs and are prerequisites for a GCC effect. Significant reductions in the highest T1 area (super-edema area) were observed after 24 h of treatment. The anti-edema effect of GCC may last at least 63 days. A lower dose-dependent threshold for the effect seems to exist. The possible mechanisms of actions of the GCCs on PTE are discussed.
Adult↗
Silent cerebral infarction in chronic atrial fibrillation.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke. In AF patients with acute stroke, cerebral computed tomography (CT) often reveals old asymptomatic infarcts. To investigate the frequency of such lesions, 29 AF patients and 29 controls in sinus rhythm without history of cerebrovascular disease were CT scanned. Fourteen patients with AF (48%) had abnormal CT scans with areas of low density with sharp demarcation from surrounding tissue compared with 8 patients in sinus rhythm (28%) (p greater than 0.10). However, the number of abnormal areas with apparent tissue loss was significantly higher in the AF group (39 lesions) compared with the control group (16 lesions) (p = 0.033). The lesions were mainly located in the cortex with no significant difference in lesion size between AF patients and controls. The abnormal areas probably reflected small, clinically silent infarcts. We conclude that these lesions are present in AF patients without history of cerebrovascular events and occur more frequently than in controls without atrial fibrillation.
Aged↗