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Biomedical subjects

C Gyldensted

Publications and source records attributed to C Gyldensted.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Spiculated vertebral metastases from prostatic carcinoma. Report of first two cases.

Periosteal reaction with spicule formation is very rare in metastatic bone disease, as only 75 cases are reported in the literature. Although prostatic cancer often metastasizes to the spine, spiculation here has not been reported. We present the first two cases of vertebral metastases from prostatic carcinoma with spicule formation giving rise to osseous spinal stenosis and neurological deficits, best demonstrated by CT.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Cervical analgesic facet joint arthrography.

We report on our experience with cervical analgesic facet joint arthrography in 11 patients (30 joints), of whom nine had previous spinal surgery. In this type of patient we have found the procedure to be a diagnostic test as well as a preoperative guide to the neurosurgeon, but not a permanent therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Echocardiography and cerebral computed tomography in chronic atrial fibrillation.

Chronic atrial fibrillation (CAF) may be complicated by asymptomatic small silent cerebral infarctions as well as by stroke. The echocardiographic findings in 29 patients with CAF and 29 controls in sinus rhythm are presented. The cerebral computed tomography (CT) findings in these patients were previously published and significantly more small low-density lesions, probably reflecting previous infarctions, were found in patients with CAF than in controls. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if patients with such cerebral lesions had characteristic echocardiographic abnormalities with special reference to patients with CAF. No significant differences could be detected between the groups with and without cerebral lesions regarding the occurrence of valvular heart disease, left ventricular dysfunction, end-diastolic diameter of the left ventricle, left atrial dimension and left ventricular fractional shortening. Only seven patients with CAF (24%) compared with 21 in sinus rhythm (72%) had normal echocardiograms (P less than 0.001). In conclusion, echocardiography gave no guidance to why some patients developed cerebral low-density areas on CT.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Cerebral ventricular enlargement relates to neuropsychological measures in unselected AIDS patients.

In a cross-sectional study of unselected Danish AIDS patients various linear measures of cerebral ventricular size obtained by computed tomography were compared with results of neuropsychological test performances. Third ventricular width as well as right and left septum-caudate distances were enlarged in the patients (P less than 0.01). Of 20 patients 15 had at least one abnormal ventricular measurement. Although only one patient was demented, ventricular size correlated inversely with neuropsychological function (r = -0.61, P less than 0.02). The correlation between ventricular size and variation of the reaction time was even closer (r = 0.74, P less than 0.01). It is concluded that neuroradiological signs of central atrophy often occur in AIDS patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Myelopathy in AIDS. A clinical and electrophysiological study of 23 Danish patients.

In a cross-sectional population study of Danish patients with AIDS 16 of 23 had clinical signs of neurological disease with muscle weakness or ataxia of the lower limbs as the dominant manifestation. Tibial and median nerve conduction was mildly slowed in a few patients and 15 had widening of cerebral ventricles at CT. However, all had prolonged latency of cortical evoked response following tibial nerve stimulation mainly due to slowing through the spinal cord. The prolongation of the latency of the evoked cortical responses was most pronounced in patients with lower limb ataxia and/or paresis. It is concluded that affection of the long tracts of the spinal cord are closely associated with the human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Mixed solvent exposure and organic brain damage. A study of painters.

In recent years, the possible role of occupational solvent exposure as a cause of chronic effects on the brain has been a matter of increasing concern. The present study was undertaken with the purpose of further investigating this problem, trying to minimize confounding owing to effects of recent solvent exposure and a 'healthy worker' effect. This was accomplished by studying a historical cohort of painters. The material consists of a random sample of 85 painters, and as a non-exposed control group of 85 bricklayers, selected in the same way. Parts of the study are based on this sample supplemented by a sample of 9 painters and 14 bricklayers, selected among subjects with a high degree of complaints on mental impairment. On the basis of a detailed interview on previous solvent exposure, the painters were divided into three groups with low, medium and high solvent exposure, respectively. As signs of organic brain damage we used the degree of dementia and performance in psychometric tests as assessed at a neuropsychological examination; the degree of dyscoordination as assessed from clinical neurological tests; and the degree of cerebral atrophy as assessed from CT-scans of the brain. CT-scans were performed only on a specially selected subsample. The degree of dementia, dyscoordination, and cerebral atrophy increased significantly with the degree of solvent exposure. A similar, but non-significant association was found for the relation between performance in psychometric tests and solvent exposure. The degree of dementia, of dyscoordination, and of cerebral atrophy were positively associated with each other, suggesting that they reflect different aspects of a common underlying factor, an organic brain damage. A review of the literature compared with the results of the present study suggests that a number of studies may have been biased towards negative findings owing to the inclusion in the study material of large proportions of subjects with a solvent exposure that is too little to increase the risk of an organic brain damage. Conflicting results between different studies on performance in psychometric tests may also arise from insufficient adjustment for primary intellectual level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Lumbar disc disease evaluated by myelography and postmyelography spinal computed tomography.

Five- and ten-millimeter-thick transverse axial computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained at lumbar disc spaces in 81 patients with suspected lumbar disc disease. Scans were obtained following metrizamide myelography. CT and myelography findings were compared and correlated with clinical and surgical findings. Postmyelography CT scan was superior to myelography in 68% since it was able to demonstrate even small herniations. It was especially valuable in the L5-S1 space where the wide epidural space can hide the disc herniation without it being demonstrated by myelography. Also other kinds of pathology which may simulate or complicate disc herniation were readily evaluated by postmyelography CT. Although noncontrast CT scans are usually diagnostic and sufficient, the improved anatomical details obtained by postcontrast CT scans, increase the diagnostic accuracy, and selected, complicated cases may need the CT study with intrathecal metrizamide.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Arterial embolisation in the treatment of central haemangiomas of the maxilla. Report of two cases.

The recent refinement of super-selective angiography and subsequent embolisation offer new promising possibilities in the treatment of central haemangiomas in the maxillo-facial area, either as a pre-operative measure allowing safer surgical removal, or as definitive therapy. Two cases of central haemangiomas of the maxilla are presented, both treated successfully by embolisation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Metrizamide myelography in patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung suspected of meningeal carcinomatosis.

Twenty patients suspected of meningeal carcinomatosis (MC) secondary to small cell carcinoma of the lung were evaluated by myelography and by cytologic examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In 4 patients both investigations demonstrated MC. Four had positive cytology but a negative myelogram. Five patients had a positive myelogram but negative cytology. Thus 13 of the 20 patients had MC diagnosed by one or both of these investigations. Two additional patients suspected of MC were studied; both had positive myelography, but cytologic examination of CSF was not performed in either case. Six patients underwent autopsy with microscopic examination of the spinal cord; in all cases post-mortem findings supported myelographic findings. In conclusion, myelography is useful in the evaluation of patients suspected of MC secondary to small carcinoma of the lung and complements the diagnostic role of CSF examination.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMed1979

Measurement of the normal ventricular system and supratentorial subarachnoid space in children with computed tomography.

The normal ventricular system and subarachnoid space were evaluated on the CT scans of 155 children chosen from 1,400 pediatric CT examinations, and linear measurements were made. The left septum-caudate distance was greater than the right, and the width of the left anterior horn and size of the skull were larger in boys. The interhemispheric and sylvian fissures, the third ventricle and Evans' ratio were larger in the younger group (less than 3 years) than in the older (greater than or equal to 3 years), while the opposite was found for the cella media index and size of the skull. The size of the lateral ventricles (expressed by anterior horn width, septum-caudate distance and width of cella media) was not different in the two age groups of children. Normal limits for the linear measurements and indices are given in Table 2.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Chronic painters' syndrome. Chronic toxic encephalopathy in house painters.

Seventy house painters were examined after being referred because organic solvent intoxication of dementia was suspected. In 50 cases no competitive etiological factors to the cerebral symptoms other than exposure to organic solvents could be disclosed. In these, neuropsychological examination showed signs of intellectual impairment in 39 patients and neuroradiological examination by PEG or CT demonstrated the presence of cerebral atrophy in 31 patients; 38 patients studied with CT were compaired to an age-matched control group regarding maximum sulcus width, and a highly significant difference was found. It is argued that long-term exposure to turpentine substitute-often through a period with acute intoxication symptoms--gradually may lead to the development of a chronic brain syndrome, which we have called the "chronic painters' syndrome".

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Computed tomography in hereditary ataxias.

Cranial CT in 39 patients (23 belonged to 8 families) with four different groups of hereditary ataxia (HA) showed mainly three combinations of atrophic findings: (1) cerebellar ataxia (CA, n = 17) had marked atrophy of the cerebellum and/or the brain stem combined with moderate cerebral atrophy; (2) an intermediate group consisting of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP, n = 10) and Friedreich's ataxia (FA, n = 7), both with moderate infra- and supratentorial atrophy; (3) atrophy was hardly demonstrated in the group of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT, n = 5). HA cases with atrophy could be distinguished from multiple sclerosis (MS) by CT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Intellectual development and brain size in 13 shunted hydrocephalic children.

A group of 13 successfully treated hydrocephalic children living a normal social life according to their ages has been examined to evaluate the possible correlation between their brain size, intellectual development and physical disability. The brain size was assesed by ventriculography prior to initial surgery and by computer tomography (CT-scanning) at the time of investigation 6--11 years after operation. The intellectural development was evaluated by psychological investigation of the children and by evaluation of their social adaptation. The physical disability was investigated by neurological examination. Significant improvement in ventricular size was demonstrated from pneumoencephalographic examinations prior to surgery and to the CT investigations. No prediction of the intellectual development could be based on the ventriculographies prior to initial surgery. In spite of positive trends, correlation trends, correlation between the ventricular size as determined by CT-scans and the IQ was not significant, possibly due to the small number of cases available for study.

Cerebral Ventriculography↗
PubMed1978

Computerized tomography in hereditary ataxias.

Thirty-nine patients with hereditary ataxia (HA), hereditary spastic paraplegia or Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease were investigated with computerized cranial tomography (CT). Infratentorial as well as supratentorial atrophies were registrated and scored. These were compared with the patient's neurological symptoms, which were related to the lesion in the central nervous system, and scored. There was correlation between the distribution of brainstem/cerebellar symptoms and the distribution and degree of infratentorial atrophy. HA cases with cerebral cortical atrophy had significantly higher dementia scores than those without wide sulci. Intravenous injection with contrast medium was of no diagnostic aid, as no focal changes were found. It is concluded that CT is an aid in the diagnosis of hereditary ataxias and hereditary spastic paraplegia.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Measurements of the normal ventricular system and hemispheric sulci of 100 adults with computed tomography.

The brains of 100 normal adults were examined with 160 X 160 matrix computed tomography (CT). The left lateral ventricle was found to be larger than the right in both sexes, and both lateral ventricles were larger in the male. There was a statistically significant increase of all cerebral parameters with age, and the cella media index showed a correspondingly small decrease with age. The linear measurements of the lateral ventricles demonstrated positive correlation to cranial size, while the widths of the third ventricle and of the hemispheric sulci were independent of the size of the skull.

Adolescent↗