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Biomedical subjects

C Grant

Publications and source records attributed to C Grant.

175 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Luekocyte adherence inhibition in response to human orbital and lacrimal extracts in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy.

Leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) may be a test for cell-mediated immunity or cytophilic antibodies. LAI tests were carried out on patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy, using normal human lacrimal gland, orbital fat, and eye muscle extracts as antigens. The results were expressed as % LAI. The percentage leukocyte adherence inhibition in tests from patients and normal subjects were not significantly different for any preparation (Mann-Whitney tests). Taking the upper limit of normal as the mean % LAI + 2SD for normal subjects, tests were positive, to eye muscle extract, in only one patient whilst borderline inhibition, in response to eye muscle and fat extracts respectively, was demonstrated in two patients. All three had active disease. LAI tests may be positive only during the acute stage of Graves' ophthalmopathy. The significance of these findings in respect to the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy is discussed.

Adipose Tissue↗
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Biogel Super-Sensitive and Biogel Indicator glove systems.

Surgical gloves have been in use since the late 19th century. Initially, gloves were introduced to protect clinical staff from the carbolic acid used to sterilize equipment and prepare skin before surgery. During the mid-20th century emphasis was more towards protecting the patient from the clinician's skin flora and now, at the beginning of the 21st century, the balance lies between protecting the patient from the clinician and the clinician from the patient. The three main types of glove are latex, vinyl and polythene and they can be used singly or as part of a double gloving system. This article discusses how one hospital evaluated the glove systems Biogel Super-Sensitive and Biogel indicator underglove from Regent Medical (a division of SSL International). The results indicate that both systems are acceptable to clinical staff in a variety of specialty areas.

Gloves, Surgical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

IV 3000 dressing on Permcath exit sites.

With an increasing number of elderly clients now being accepted onto our haemodialysis programme, Permcath (Quinton Instrument Co., Seattle, WA, USA) catheters have become the chosen form of long term vascular access in many of these people. With this has come the need not only to adapt, but where necessary change the previous format of covering dressings at the exit site of these catheters.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors in wound infection following urologic operations: a prospective study.

A total of 134 urologic operations were studied prospectively for postoperative wound infection, the methodology involving direct intraoperative swab taking. Patients' variables were (mean +/- SD): age 32.4 +/- 20.7 years, Quetelet index 27.4 +/- 8, duration of operation 98 +/- 34 minutes, and male:female ratio 9.3:1. Of the 131 intraoperative swabs 28 (21%) were positive, 97% of the organisms being aerobic; 16% of the patients were nasal carriers of S. aureus. The overall wound infection rate was 9%, and it prolonged hospital stay by six days average. Significant risk factors (and their magnitude) were: age over 60 years (x 2.2), prolonged preoperative hospital stay (x 15), and wound contamination (x 4.3 and x 14.3 for classes 3 and 4 wounds respectively). Neither diabetes mellitus, obesity, nor surgeon's rank was contributory. We conclude that, although the 9% rate of postoperative wound infection was acceptable, appropriate prophylactic antibiotics may reduce it further, and, from our data, we would recommend an aminoglycoside (e.g. Amikacin) and Ampicillin combined.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Colostomy complications in infants and children.

Seventy-seven colostomies were performed in 74 patients: 35 for high anorectal agenesis, 34 for Hirschsprung's disease, 2 for necrotizing enterocolitis, 2 for small left colon syndrome, and 1 for volvulus neonatorum with perforation. There were 55 boys and 19 girls with a mean age of 0.8 years. The different types of colostomies performed were: transverse loop in 48, sigmoid loop in 21, transverse end in 4, descending end in 2, sigmoid end in 1, and transverse double barrel in 1. Forty-seven patients developed stomal complications (74.6%). Eleven patients died, but only in 2 (2.7%) were the deaths directly related to colostomy formation. Five patients required stomal revision (6.8%). The incidence of complications was neither related to the age nor to the primary indication for the colostomy, but sigmoid colostomy was associated with a lower complication rate compared to transverse colostomy (52% versus 81% 0.02 greater than p greater than 0.01). A sigmoid loop colostomy should be used whenever possible.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Splenectomy for hematological disorders in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

Splenomegaly is a common clinical disorder in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Its aetiology is variable and includes portal hypertension due to schistosomal periportal hepatic fibrosis, haemoglobinopathies and lymphoproliferative disorders. At King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom, splenectomy is performed frequently for various reasons on patients drawn from all the Provinces. This is a report of 104 patients (age range eight months to 65 years) who underwent splenectomy between 1982 and 1987. We reviewed the indications, operative findings, outcome, and complications of the procedure. Patients with hypersplenism formed the largest group (50%) subjected to splenectomy followed by those suffering from the haemoglobinopathies. Chest infection as the most common complication and it mainly affected patients with portal hypertension. Post-operative septicaemia occurred in four cases within six months from the date of splenectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Wound infection following biliary surgery. A prospective surgery.

Biliary surgery in general, with cholecystectomy in particular, is probably the commonest major elective abdominal operation worldwide. A prospective study has been completed on 141 biliary operations in which intra-operative bile swabs were taken, and other risk factors for wound infection sought. Patients' characteristics were: males 51, females 90 (1:1.8); mean age 42.4 +/- 16 years; mean Quetelet index for adults was 32 +/- 5. The operations were: emergencies 10, simple-cholecystectomies 112, and choledochotomies (including other concomitant procedures) 29. The observed wound infection rates were: overall 7.8%, simple cholecystectomy 3.6% and choledochotomies 24.1%, figures which agree closely with the national and international literature. The infected patients consumed, on average, 7 days more in hospital than the uninfected ones. We found three major risk factors for wound infection: patients aged 40 years or older (over 4-fold), choledochotomy (over 6-fold), and microbiologically proven wound co-ntamination (9-fold). We conclude that, given the consistently low (less than 4%), incidence of wound infection following simple cholecystectomy, routine antibiotic prophylaxis in this subset is probably unjustified.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prophylaxis against post-appendicectomy wound infection. A controlled clinical trial of intravenous (i.v.) metronidazole versus i.v. metronidazole-ampicillin-gentamicin.

A controlled clinical trial has been conducted on three doses of intravenous (I.V.) metronidazole alone and of I.V. metronidazole-gentamicin-ampicillin combined in wound infection following appendicectomy for non-perforated appendicitis. Of the 205 patients entered, 154 were evaluable. There were 118 males and 36 females (3.3:1), their mean age was 24 +/- 9.8 years, and mean Quetelet index was 23 +/- 5. The two groups were comparable in terms of seven potential risk factors: age, sex, Quetelet index, mean duration of operation, wound contamination, nasal carriage of S. aureus, and operating surgeon's rank. The over-all wound infection rate was 10.4%. There were two delayed infections in each treatment group. We found no difference between the two treatment groups in terms of wound infection and delayed wound infection. No adverse drug reaction was seen. We conclude that the two regimens are equally convenient, safe, effective, and reliable. But, metronidazole alone is the less expensive of the two.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Keratoprosthesis: a 12-year follow-up.

A retrospective study of our total experience with implantation of four types of keratoprosthesis in 125 cases was reviewed. Diagnoses in the cases treated included chemical burns, derangement of the anterior segment from disease or injury, aphakic bullous keratopathy, ocular pemphigoid, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, anterior cleavage syndrome, Mooren ulcer, and blast injuries. The visual results in some cases have been gratifying and in others heartrending. Thirty percent of the patients attained 20/15 to 20/40 visual acuity, but at the end of 12 years, only 13% still had this visual acuity. Twenty-four percent attained 20/50 to 20/200 visual acuity, but this figure fell to 17% at the end of 12 years. Loss of initial good visual acuity was due to the numerous complications which required close observation and repeated surgery to control. The number of complications has been reduced by the use of a keratoprosthesis with a Dacron skirt and of the addition the Cardona nut and bolt to the shaft. The surgical technique has been improved by the use of a scleral expander, elimination of a scleral graft, and the use of the Tenon graft. The indications for the keratoprosthesis have changed over the years. Many alkali burns and practically all aphakic bullous keratopathy have been eliminated from the indications. Keratoprosthesis should be reserved for desperate cases. The technique of implantation is not complicated and initial results are usually good. The multiple complications, however, make it necessary for these cases to be followed by a surgeon who is familiar with the management of complications.

Blast Injuries↗
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Dental hygiene self-regulation: an educational perspective.

Dental hygiene's pursuit of self-regulation has been impeded from its beginning by conceptual discrepancies. It is often confused with independent practice and/or other scope of practice issues, all of which cloud the real impetus: true professional status. The authors suggest this confusion could be addressed by the educational system. Students in schools offering education to future professionals must have an opportunity to gain insight into the political environment of their respective fields in addition to acquiring the theory and skills designed to make them clinically proficient. Through increased awareness of issues related to governance, they will be able to make informed decisions about matters affecting their chosen profession. From the outset, the objective of this investigation was to unveil some of the common misconceptions about self-regulation held by students of dental hygiene and dentistry. Following a review of the literature, 11 of the most recurrent points of confusion were incorporated into a true/false survey. The survey addressed the following issues as they relate to dental hygiene self-regulation: ability to practice independent of dentists' supervision, ability to diagnose dental caries, scope of practice expansion, dissolution of the "dental team", compromised client safety and increased income-generating potential. The survey was distributed to dental hygiene and dentistry students across Canada. The results indicate a general lack of understanding of the concept of self-regulation among the Canadian dental hygiene and dentistry student population.

Canada↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Crowns all around.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Crowns↗